List of stumbling blocks in Ronnenberg

The list of the stumbling blocks in Ronnenberg contains under the action of the artist Gunter Demnig laid stumbling blocks in the city of Ronnenberg . On May 9, 2005, Ronnenberg was the first municipality in the Hanover region in which Stolpersteine ​​were laid. In a total of two relocations, 25 stumbling blocks were laid for Jewish Ronnenberg victims.

The 10 × 10 × 10 cm large concrete blocks with brass plaques are embedded in the sidewalk in front of the houses in which the victims of the Nazi tyranny were once at home. The inscription on the plaque gives information about their name, age and fate. The stumbling blocks are intended to counteract the oblivion of the victims.

Stumbling blocks in Ronnenberg

image	Person, inscription	address	Laying date	Life
	Here lived Harry Seligmann Jg. 1881 'protective custody' in 1938 Buchwald flight 1939 Cuba USA	Benther Straße 8 ( location )	23 Nov 2019	Harry Seligmann was born on August 28, 1881 in Ronnenberg. He was the brother of Rosy and Max Seligmann. He returned to Ronnenberg wounded from the First World War. Since 1920 he was married to Frieda Neuhaus. In Ronnenberg he ran a cattle shop. In October 1937, the NSDAP forced him to give up his business. In the following year he had to sell land in financial distress.In the night of the Reichspogromnacht of November 9, 1938, he was arrested with Julius Philippsohn, his brother Max Seligmann and his cousins ​​Siegfried Seligmann and Franz Seligmann in Ronnenberg and imprisoned in Buchenwald concentration camp. All five were released with the threat that they would be locked up again in the concentration camp if they did not leave Germany with their families immediately. In March 1939 Harry Seligmann fled with his wife on the ship MS Orinoco to Cuba and in December 1939 to the USA. There he found work in a restaurant and in factories, where he suffered a nervous breakdown in 1946 and became unemployed. Harry Seligmann died on August 7, 1961 in New York City.
	Frieda Seligmann nee lived here . Neuhaus, born 1895, escaped in 1939 Cuba USA			Frieda Seligmann was born as Frieda Neuhaus on July 6, 1895 in Barchfeld . After her marriage to Harry Seligmann, she lived with him in Ronnenberg from 1920. The children Hans, who died shortly after birth, as well as Hilde and Trude emerged from the marriage. In March 1939 she and her husband managed to emigrate to Cuba on the MS Orinoco and in December 1939 to the USA. She died on January 4, 1984 in Oceanside, NY.
	Hilde Seligmann, born in 1922, lived here . Escape 1939 USA			Hilde Seligmann was born on January 6, 1922 as the daughter of Harry and Frieda Seligmann in Ronnenberg. She attended the elementary school in Ronnenberg and the Sophia school in Hanover. In December 1938 the clerk emigrated to the USA with her sister Trude. In 1945 Hilde Seligmann married Milton Sklar from Vilna in New York. She died on January 4, 2009 in Oceanside, NY.
	Trude Seligmann, born in 1923, lived here . Escape 1939 USA			Trude Seligmann was born on June 2, 1923 as the daughter of Harry and Frieda Seligmann in Ronnenberg. She attended elementary school in Ronnenberg. As Jews could no longer attend secondary schools because of the Nazi racial policy, she learned the tailoring trade. In December 1938 she fled to the USA with her sister Hilde. In 1941 she married Alfred Seligmann from Goldberg . She died on January 6, 1992 in Closter, NY.
	Alfred Seligmann, born in 1920, lived here . Escape 1937 USA			Alfred Seligmann was born on March 11, 1920 in Goldberg . He was a nephew of Harry Seligmann and was to be trained as a butcher in his company. His family, who owned a large department store in Goldberg, had been driven from there to Hanover, where they were now looking for host countries. In March 1937, Alfred Seligmann fled to the USA. In 1941 he married his cousin Trude Seligmann from Ronnenberg. He died on March 22, 2011 in Burlington, VT.
	This is where Dr. Julius Philipp son born 1,897th 'protective custody' in 1938 Buchwald flight 1938 Switzerland recorded / France 1944 Resistance freed	Empelder Straße 1A ( location )	23 Nov 2019	Julius Philippsohn was born on August 31, 1897 in Stadthagen . Since 1922 he had his doctor's practice on Empelder Strasse. In 1927 he married the Evangelical farmer's daughter Marie Groeneweg (born on January 3, 1904 in Weetzen). The son Gerd was born on December 5, 1932. In 1933 Julius Philippsohn was excluded from the volunteer fire department. In June 1933, his health insurance practice was withdrawn and in 1938 his practice was completely closed. As early as 1937 he wanted to emigrate with his family to Uruguay , but this failed. Shortly after his release from the Buchenwald concentration camp, he fled to Switzerland at Christmas 1938, which deported him again in August 1939. He came to France , where he was arrested after the German occupation and interned in the Saint-Germain-les-Belles, Gurs and Septfonds camps. In the latter he was a camp doctor, was able to flee to Auschwitz before being deported and go into hiding under a false name. In the summer of 1944 he joined the Resistance movement - initially with gun in hand, before becoming a medical officer. After the liberation he became an Austrian and set up a doctor's practice in Vienna . He died there on November 18, 1970.
	Here lived Franz Seligmann Jg. 1877 'protective custody' in 1938 Buchwald flight 1938 Uruguay	Empelder Straße 2A ( location )	23 Nov 2019	Franz Seligmann was born on October 24, 1877 in Ronnenberg. Since 1911 the cattle dealer and butcher was born with Erna Seligmann. Meinrath married. The couple had two sons: Werner and Günther. In 1933 Seligmann was excluded from the volunteer fire department. At the same time a sign was hung in front of his company with the inscription: "The Jews are our misfortune." Shortly after his release from Buchenwald concentration camp in November 1938, he and his wife fled to Uruguay . Because of his age, he was no longer able to build a new life there. Instead, he and his wife were financially supported by their sons, who had also fled. Franz Seligmann died in Montevideo in 1971 .
	Erna Seligmann nee lived here . Meinrath, born 1885, escaped Uruguay in 1938			Erna Seligmann was born as Erna Meinrath on April 5, 1885 in Neustadt am Rübenberge . She was a cousin of Julius Philippsohn. After her marriage to Franz Seligmann, she lived in Ronnenberg from 1911. Since her husband often worked abroad as a cattle dealer, she ran the butcher's shop largely independently. In November 1938 she fled with him to Uruguay. She died in Montevideo on April 5, 1985 .
	Werner Seligmann, born in 1912, lived here . Escape 1937 Uruguay			Werner Seligmann was born on May 15, 1912 as the son of Franz and Erna Seligmann in Ronnenberg. He attended elementary school in Ronnenberg and the Humboldt-Gymnasium as well as a commercial college in Hanover. In 1930 he had passed his journeyman's examination as a butcher. The fact that he was unable to take the master craftsman's examination due to Nazi racial policy encouraged his decision to emigrate. In December 1937 he married Irma Silberbach (born June 16, 1916 in Schötmar / Lippe) and fled with her to Uruguay four days later . After two years he was able to buy a small butcher shop with a loan. He died in Montevideo on November 26, 1988 .
	Günther Seligmann, born in 1914, lived here . Escape 1937 Brazil			Günther Seligmann was born on January 9, 1914, the son of Franz and Erna Seligmann. As a trained businessman, he was a salesman in the clothing industry. In 1935/36 he was one of the three young Jewish men in Ronnenberg who secretly planned their escape. In January 1937 he went with Heinz Seligmann and Kurt Frank in Hamburg as a tourist on the French ship Croix , which brought them to Brazil . He settled in São Paulo , where he died on August 21, 2001.
	Siegmund Seligmann, born in 1881, lived here . Escape 1938 Brazil	Long row 11 ( location )	23 Nov 2019	Siegmund Seligmann was born on April 22nd, 1881 in Ronnenberg. Since 1910 the butcher, cattle dealer and real estate agent was born with Henriette Seligmann. Stalk married. The sons Kurt Julius (1912–1937) and Heinz (1914–2019) emerged from the marriage. Seligmann had to sell his farm in Adelheidsdorf near Celle in 1937. After the founding of the Ronnenberg synagogue community around 1915, whose synagogue (prayer room) was in the house of his cousin Siegfried Seligmann, he was its head until 1938, when he fled to Brazil with his wife . There he lived in Petrópolis . Because of his age, he and his wife could no longer build a new existence in Brazil and were financially supported by their son Heinz, who also fled. In the 1950s, Siegmund Seligmann returned to Germany sick and went to Bad Pyrmont for treatment. He died there on December 20, 1958.
	Henriette Seligmann nee lived here . Stiel born in 1887, escaped from Brazil in 1938			Henriette Seligmann was born as Henriette Stiel in Eschweiler on November 19, 1887 and lived in Ronnenberg as the wife of Siegmund Seligmann from 1910. After her husband had been warned on November 9, 1938 that he would be arrested and went into hiding in Hamburg, she prepared to flee in Ronnenberg. So that her husband could escape the Gestapo, the couple fled first to relatives in the Netherlands and then on the steamer Lipari to Brazil , where their son Heinz was already. Henriette Seligmann died in Petropolis in 1945 .
	Heinz Seligmann, born in 1914, lived here . Escape 1937 Brazil			Heinz Seligmann was born on March 7, 1914 as the son of Siegmund and Henriette Seligmann in Ronnenberg. He attended elementary school in Ronnenberg and a secondary school in Hanover before he started working in his father's company. After his Ronnenberg girlfriend left him because he was Jewish, he had been advising three young Jewish Ronnenbergers since 1935/36 about their escape, which they embarked on as boat tourists to Brazil in January 1937. Initially, Heinz Seligmann worked in a sausage factory in São Paulo . In Rio de Janeiro he worked his way up to a respected building contractor. At the age of 105, he died in Brazil on November 27, 2019, four days after the laying of his own stumbling block.
	Lina Cohen nee lived here . Seligmann born in 1859 deported 1942 Theresienstadt murdered February 20, 1943	About the Beeken 15 ( location )	May 9, 2005	Lina Cohen was born as Arondine Carolina Seligmann on October 1, 1859 in Ronnenberg. Her husband, the Dutchman Jacob Cohen, died in 1907. After the First World War, she and her son, Iwan Cohen, built the residential and commercial building at Lange Reihe 116 (today Über den Beeken 15). She ran the household. In 1938 she wanted to emigrate to the USA with Iwan Cohen and his wife and son. However, she suffered a fractured thigh so that the US authorities regarded her as "unable to work" and did not receive a visa. On 23 July 1942 she was from the collection camp Hanover-Ahlem in the Theresienstadt ghetto deported, where she died on 20 February 1,943th According to a relative who escaped Theresienstadt in 1945, Lina Cohen was starved to death.
	Iwan Cohen, born in 1888, lived here . Escape 1938 USA		23 Nov 2019	Iwan Cohen was born on December 20, 1888 to Jacob and Lina Cohen. With Alice Cohen geb. Levy, with whom he had been married since 1919, he ran a textile shop in Ronnenberg. Her son was Fritz G. Cohen. Lina Cohen lived with them. In 1933 Iwan Cohen was expelled from the volunteer fire department and from the war club in Ronnenberg. In July 1938 he was able to flee to the USA with Alice and Fritz G. Cohen . In Kansas City , he initially had a poorly paid job in a clothing factory. Two years later, he could open a clothing and knitwear store in Reinbeck, Iowa . He died on February 11, 1951 in Denver, CO .
	Fritz G. Cohen, born in 1922, lived here . Escape 1938 USA			Fritz G. Cohen was born on August 5, 1922 as the son of Iwan and Alice Cohen in Hanover . He attended elementary school in Ronnenberg and, from 1935, the Humboldt Gymnasium in Hanover. When the attacks on him by classmates and teachers became unbearable, his parents sent him to a Jewish boarding school in Florence in 1937 . In July 1938 he fled with them to the USA . He became a professor, a. a. for German Studies, at Purdue University in West Lafayette , IN. Since 1953 he has visited his former home town several times and tries to reach an understanding between Ronnenberg and his former Jewish families. When three stumbling blocks - one of them for his grandmother Lina Cohen - were laid in Ronnenberg in 2005, he traveled from the USA. In 2008 he received honorary citizenship of the city of Ronnenberg. The 97-year-old was also present in 2019 when the stumbling block was laid for him personally. He lives in Chicago .
	Alice Cohen nee lived here . Levy, born 1895, escaped 1938 USA			Alice Cohen was born as Alice Levy on November 12, 1895 in Güstrow . Since her marriage to Iwan Cohen in 1919 she lived in Ronnenberg. Their son was Fritz C. Cohen. Alice Cohen was firmly involved in the club life. In a charity she supported the unemployed and the needy. Since 1937 she worked intensively on the possibility of emigrating to the USA. She found an American family from whom she received an affidavit and therefore the necessary US visas with which she, her husband and her son could enter the USA in July 1938 . She died on January 3, 1945 in Reinbeck, Iowa .
	Max Seligmann, born in 1882 , lived here . Deported to Auschwitz ? ? ?	About the Beeken 11 ( location )	May 9, 2005	Max Seligmann was born on October 11, 1882 in Ronnenberg. The cattle dealer was the brother of Rosy and Harry Seligmann. In 1920 he returned from French captivity . After the death of his father, Adolph Seligmann, he took over his cattle business in 1927. His sister Rosy ran the household. Since the professional ban in December 1937 and increasingly after his release from the Buchenwald concentration camp in November 1938, Max Seligmann tried to obtain visas for the USA. In May 1939 he hoped - like his cousin Siegfried Seligmann, his wife Alma and daughter Ursula - with his sister Rosy on the MS St. Louis to Cuba and from there to the USA . After the St. Louis wandering around , he lived with the other four Ronnenbergers in Brussels from June 1939 , where they were hoping for visas for the USA. Before the German invasion of neutral Belgium in May 1940, Max Seligmann was sent to the French internment camps of Camp de Gurs and Camp de Milles . On August 12, 1942, he was deported to the Drancy assembly camp near Paris, from there on August 19 with Transport 21 to Auschwitz-Birkenau and “probably immediately sent to the gas chamber”.
	Here lived Rosa Seligmann Jg. 1891 deported Auschwitz declared dead			Rosa (Rosy) Seligmann was born on May 8, 1891 in Ronnenberg. With her brother Max and three other relatives, she wanted to travel to Cuba on the MS St. Louis and from there to the USA . After the St. Louis wandering around , she lived with the four Ronnenbergers from June 1939 to May 1940 and then alone in Brussels . There she was arrested by the German Gestapo on January 27, 1944 , taken to the Kazerne Dossin SS assembly camp in Mechelen, and on April 4, 1944 assigned as prisoner 127 to Transport XXIV to Auschwitz. On April 7, the train arrived in Auschwitz-Birkenau . It is unclear whether Rosy Seligmann died on the train ride or was murdered in the extermination camp.
	Here lived Siegfried Seligmann Jg. 1881 'protective custody' in 1938 Buchwald fleeing Cuba in 1939 MS St. Louis refused entry France, USA	Velsterstrasse 2 ( location )	23 Nov 2019	Siegfried Seligmann, born on November 20, 1881 in Ronnenberg, was born with Alma Seligmann. Bonwitt married and had the daughters Else and Ursula with her. He ran a cattle trade, a slaughterhouse and a butcher's shop. In 1933 he was excluded from the volunteer fire brigade and forced to go out of business in 1937. After his release from the Buchenwald concentration camp in November 1938, he and his family tried to emigrate to the USA . In May 1939, when the daughter Else was already about to get a US visa, Siegfried Seligmann wanted to go to Cuba with his wife and daughter Ursula and wait there for the visa to the USA. After the St. Louis' odyssey, they lived in Brussels , where they were hoping for a visa for the USA. Before the German invasion of Belgium in May 1940, Siegfried Seligmann was arrested and transported to the French internment camp Camp de Gurs and then to Camp de Milles . In November 1941, he and his two relatives received US visas and were able to enter the USA via Spain and Portugal on December 4, 1941. Siegfried Seligmann died on February 2, 1973 in Washington, DC
	Alma Seligmann nee lived here . Bonwitt Born 1892 Escape 1939 Cuba MS St. Louis Entry denied France, USA			Alma Seligmann was born on August 22, 1892 as Alma Bonwitt in Rodenberg . After her marriage to Siegfried Seligmann in 1919, she lived in Ronnenberg. Since her husband was mainly employed as a cattle dealer and butcher, she ran the butcher's shop largely independently. After the St. Louis' odyssey, she lived in Brussels . When her husband was arrested by Belgian authorities before the German Wehrmacht invaded and transported to France, she and her daughter Ursula set out to look for him. They were arrested near Paris and taken to the Camp de Gurs . Eventually they found Siegfried Seligmann through the International Red Cross and escaped with him to the USA in 1941 . Alma Seligmann died on February 7, 1986 in Washington, DC
	Ursula Seligmann, born in 1923, lived here . Escape 1939 Cuba MS St. Louis Entry refused France, USA			Ursula Löwenstein was born as Ursula Seligmann on January 3, 1923 in Ronnenberg. She was the younger daughter of Siegfried and Alma Seligmann. In Ronnenberg she attended elementary school. Since she was not allowed to attend secondary school, she began an apprenticeship in a clothing store in Hanover in 1937. After the St. Louis' odyssey, she lived in Brussels . In 1940 she and her mother looked for her father in France , were arrested with her and taken to the Camp de Gurs internment camp . In 1941 she was able to escape to the USA with her parents . She has lived in Jerusalem for ten years .
	Else Seligmann, born in 1920, lived here . Escape 1939 USA			Else Seligmann was born on July 6, 1920 as the daughter of Siegfried and Alma Seligmann in Ronnenberg. She attended elementary school in Ronnenberg. Her goals were to graduate from high school and study medicine. However, since she was forbidden from attending secondary school, her parents sent her to a Jewish housekeeping school in Breslau in 1936 and to the Jewish boarding school in Florence in 1937, to which Fritz G. Cohen also came shortly afterwards. In contrast to her parents and sister Ursula, she had a favorable quota number for a US visa in 1939 . So she did not flee with them on the MS St. Louis . As the last member of the 25-strong Jewish community of Ronnenberg, she left her hometown on November 18, 1939 and traveled to the USA . She died on January 9, 2003 in Chevy Chase, MD .
	Here lived Hermann Seligmann Jg. 1854 involuntarily moved in 1938 Hannover humiliated / Disenfranchised dead 03.12.1940			Hermann Seligmann was born on May 12, 1854 in Ronnenberg. He was an unmarried brother of Lina Cohen and Simon Seligmann (born 1849), the father of Siegfried and Franz Seligmann. Since he had no prospect of a US visa because of his handicap and his old age, his nephew Siegfried, with whom he lived, found him a "lifelong place" in a nursing home in Hanover at the end of 1938 , where he died on December 3, 1940 .
	Kurt Frank, born in 1909, lived here . Escape 1937 Brazil			Kurt Frank was born on July 17, 1909 in Pattensen, the son of Paula Frank (born 1878 in Ronnenberg), a sister of Siegfried Seligmann, and of Robert Frank (born 1871). He worked in Siegfried Seligmann's slaughterhouse. In 1935/36 he was one of the three young Jewish men in Ronnenberg who secretly planned their escape. In January 1937 he went with Heinz Seligmann and Werner Seligmann in Hamburg as a tourist on the French ship Croix , which brought them to Brazil .

literature

• Peter Hertel : The Jews of Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg, Writings on Urban Development, No. 5, Ronnenberg November 2012.
• Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past. Published by Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial, Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 . (2nd edition, Hannover 2017, ISBN 978-3-86525-803-8 ).
• Peter Hertel: Stumbling blocks in Ronnenberg. Friends of Remembrance Work Ronnenberg eV (publisher), Ronnenberg 2019. (Brochure).

Web links

Commons : Stolpersteine ​​in Ronnenberg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Stumbling blocks in Ronnenberg - netzwerk-erinnerungundzukunft.de
• Project website by the artist Gunter Demnig

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ann Kathrin Wucherpfennig, Heidi Rabenhorst: New stumbling blocks are being laid in Ronnenberg. In: sn-online.de. June 8, 2019, accessed November 25, 2019 . 
2. ↑ Stephan Hartung: Memory of Jewish citizens: In Ronnenberg there are 22 new stumbling blocks. In: sn-online.de. November 25, 2019, accessed November 25, 2019 . 
3. ^ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg. A city is committed to its past (attached is a "family tree of the Seligmann family" with all personal data on birth, marriage and death) . Ed .: Region Hannover. Hahnsche Buchhandlung Verlag, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 .
4. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012 (dates of expulsion and flight) . Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012.
5. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933-1939-2012 . Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 86 f .
6. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 66 .
7. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past. Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 68 .
8. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933-1939-2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 88 .
9. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933-1939-2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 86-88 .
10. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933-1939-2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg December 2012, p. 79 .
11. ^ ^{A b c} Peter Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939-2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg, November 2012, p. 56
12. ^ Information from the Alfred Seligmann family to the Ronnenberg Remembrance Association . New York August 2018.
13. ↑ Peter Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg. Part 2: 1933-1939-2912 . Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 80-85 .
14. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 74 .
15. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 61 .
16. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933-1939-2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 68 .
17. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 58 f .
18. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012 . Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 37 .
19. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012 . Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2010, p. 78 f .
20. ↑ Ronnenberg: Twice Commemorations of the Holocaust Victims In: haz.de , accessed on December 17, 2019.
21. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012 . Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 78 .
22. ^ Peter Hertel: Stolpersteine ​​in Ronnenberg . Ed .: Friends of Remembrance Work Ronnenberg eV Ronnenberg 2019, p. 12 .
23. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012 . Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 64-67 .
24. ↑ Uwe Kranz: Nazi Terror: Heinz Seligmann's suitcase returns to Ronnenberg. In: haz.de. April 9, 2018, accessed December 17, 2019 . 
25. ↑ Ronnenberg: Heinz Seligmann dies in Brazil at the age of 105 In: haz.de , November 29, 2019, accessed on December 17, 2019.
26. ^ Peter Hertel: Stolpersteine ​​in Ronnenberg . Ed .: Friends of Remembrance Work Ronnenberg eV Ronnenberg 2019, p. 10 .
27. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 127 .
28. ↑ Cohen, Lina Arondine. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. Retrieved January 22, 2020 . 
29. ^ Written information from 1945 (from Adele Spanier, born April 21, 1881 in Ronnenberg), in the Hertel archive, Ronnenberg
30. ^ Peter Hertel: Stolpersteine ​​in Ronnenberg . Ed .: Friends of Remembrance Work Ronnenberg eV Ronnenberg 2019, p. 28 .
31. ↑ Fritz G. Cohen: That was the end, in: Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 69-72 .
32. ↑ Fritz G. Cohen: That was the end, in: Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 72 .
33. ^ Peter Hertel: Stolpersteine ​​in Ronnenberg . Ed .: Friends of Remembrance Work Ronnenberg eV Ronnenberg 2019, p. 2 and 12 .
34. ^ Fritz G. Cohen: Zwei Arten von Holocaust, in: Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012 . Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 59-62 .
35. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past. Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 133-136 and 139 .
36. ↑ Calenberger Online News: Now all 25 stumbling blocks are in: con-nect.de , accessed on November 25, 2019.
37. ↑ Fritz G. Cohen: That was the end, in: Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012 . Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 69-72 .
38. ^ Peter Hertel: Stolpersteine ​​in Ronnenberg . Ed .: Friends of Remembrance Work Ronnenberg eV Ronnenberg 2019, p. 10 and 30 .
39. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 52 .
40. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 51 f .
41. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 85-87 .
42. ↑ ^{a b} Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 88-94 .
43. ↑ Peter Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg. Part 2: 1933-1939-2012 . Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg 2012, p. 74-76 .
44. ↑ Memoriaal, Museum en Documentatiecentrumver Holocaust en Mensenrechten, Mechelen: quoted in Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddeberg Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city acknowledges its past . Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 120 .
45. ^ Peter Hertel: Stolpersteine ​​in Ronnenberg . Ed .: Friends of Remembrance Work Ronnenberg eV Ronnenberg 2019, p. 10 and 30 .
46. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 85-94 .
47. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 121 .
48. ↑ Seligmann, Rosa. In: Memorial Book - Victims of Persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933–1945. Retrieved January 22, 2020 . 
49. ↑ Memoriaal, Museum en Documentatiecentrum over Holocaust en Mensenrechten, Kazerne Dossin, Mechelen: quoted in Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddeberg Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city acknowledges its past . Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 121 .
50. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 88 .
51. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012 . Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 90 f .
52. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past . Ed .:. Hanover region / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 100-103 .
53. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 88-92 .
54. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 95 f .
55. ^ Peter Hertel: Stolpersteine ​​in Ronnenberg . Ed .: Friends of Remembrance Work Ronnenberg eV Ronnenberg 2019, p. 12 .
56. ^ Else Seligmann: Written records about the "Kristallnacht 1939" (in the Hertel archive, Ronnenberg) . Ronnenberg November 1998.
57. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 95 f .
58. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 99 .
59. ↑ Peter Hertel: Die Juden von Ronnenberg, Part 2: 1933–1939–2012. Ed .: City of Ronnenberg. Ronnenberg November 2012, p. 80 .
60. ↑ Peter Hertel and Christiane Buddenberg-Hertel: The Jews of Ronnenberg - A city confesses to its past. Ed .: Region Hannover / Ahlem Memorial. Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 2016, ISBN 978-3-7752-4903-4 , p. 58 f .