Orinoco (ship)
 The Orinoco
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The Orinoco was a motorized passenger ship that Hapag had built for its service to Central America and the West Indies .
She made her maiden voyage to Puerto Limón in the spring of 1928 . The sister ship Magdalena was also used on the company's line to Venezuela , Colombia and the east coast of Central America at the end of the year . When the larger motor ships Caribia and Cordillera came into service in 1933 , the Orinoco reopened a line from Hamburg via Cuba to Mexico . The rebuilt Iberia (ex Magdalena ) joined this service in 1935 .
From August 25, 1939, the ship was in Tampico, where it was confiscated by Mexico on April 1, 1941. In Puebla renamed made Mexico the ship to the US. In 1946 it was returned to Mexico, which sold it to Argentina the following year .
There the ship was named Juan de Garay and was used in the liner service from Argentina, Brazil to Italy and Spain. In the first few years, many European emigrants used the ship. From 1962 the former Orinoco in Spain was demolished .
history
The Orinoco was part of a program to procure new passenger ships for Hapag's branch lines. The shipping company ordered five motor ships in 1927, which were launched in 1928 and 1929 and of three types. The smallest type was two ships for the Central America service ( Orinoco , Magdalena , 9,700 GRT, 15 kn, 340 passengers), a ship for the South American service ( General Osorio , 11,590 GRT, 15.5 kn, 980 passengers) and the largest Type two ships ( St. Louis , Milwaukee , 16,700 GRT, 16.5 kn, 700 passengers) as an addition to the North Atlantic service. The Milwaukee was the only one of these ships to be built in Hamburg (by Blohm & Voss ); The Bremer Vulkan delivered three ships .
The Orinoco was the first of the new motor vessels on February 7, 1928 at the Bremer Vulkan from the stack . The new building was taken over on April 15, 1928. The maiden voyage for Hapag took place on April 21, 1928 from Hamburg to Puerto Limón .
With two marine diesel engines with a total output of 6,800 HP, which worked on two screws, the ship, measured with 9,660 GRT and 5,478 NRT , reached a speed of 15 kn . The ship had space for 123 1st class passengers (possibly up to 179), 102 people in 2nd (tourist) class and 106 passengers in 3rd class. All cabins on the ship now had running water and there were 18 luxury cabins on board, which even had their own bathroom and toilet.
When the larger motor ships Cordillera and Caribia (12,000 GRT, 17 kn, 400 passengers) were ready for the West India-Central America route, the Orinoco was relocated. On March 4, 1933, she reopened a passenger service from Hamburg via Cuba to Mexico. At the beginning of 1935, the rebuilt and renamed Iberia sister ship Magdalena joined this service .
On May 27, 1939, the Orinoco left Hamburg with 200 passengers for Cuba and Mexico. The treatment of the St. Louis (May 27 in Havana) as well as the French Flandre (1914, 8,503 GRT, 104 Jewish emigrants on board) and the British Orduña (1914, 15,499 GRT, 120 Jewish emigrants on board) are said to have prompted the captain to linger a few days before Cherbourg. Since neither the US authorities nor Great Britain or France wanted to allow the 200 emigrants on board to enter the country, the Orinoco called again in Hamburg in June to let the emigrants ashore again. The US diplomats had previously been satisfied with the German promise that the refugees on board would not be pursued. Their fate is unknown. The collection of documents of the Nachtlicht family is in the archive of the Leo Baeck Institute . This includes the "Documents from Hildegard Lewin, Including a passenger list of the" twin-screw ship Orinoco "traveling from Hamburg to Havana, Veracruz and Tampico on May 27, 1939", enter the exact information about who is in this journey of the Orinoco to Board has found.
The ship in World War II
On August 25, 1939, the Orinoco entered Tampico, Mexico . There it was then confiscated by the Mexican authorities on April 1, 1941. The Mexicans renamed the ship Puebla . But it was too big to be used sensibly by the Mexicans. Therefore, they chartered the Puebla to the American Department of the Navy. The ship made this available for an annual fixed fee to the shipping company Moore-McCormack Lines , which used the ship on the east coast between North and South America under the Panama flag .
Post war history
The ship was formally returned to Mexico in 1946, where there was still no reasonable occupation for the ship. Before being returned, the ship was repaired at a shipyard in Brooklyn and converted into a one-class ship. On January 30, 1947, the ship left New York for Naples and Piraeus as the Olympia supposedly under the South African flag . On February 19, 1947, the ship Piraeus is said to have left again under the name Puebla for the USA, where it returned to New York on March 13, 1947.
In April 1947 the former German ship was sold to the Argentine Cia Transoceanica Argentina in Buenos Aires and renamed Juan de Garay . The ship now had space for 850 passengers in one class and was used between the Rio de la Plata and Mediterranean ports in Spain and Italy together with ships of the Spanish Ybarra line . In addition to the liner service, the former Orinoco also made cruises (including to Tierra del Fuego and the Strait of Magellan ). The ship was probably registered in Panama in 1952 and was docked in Rosario at the end of the 1950s . The ship then moved to Spain and was in Barcelona from March 1961. From November 1962, the former Orinoco was demolished in Castellon.
Web links
- Orinoco (Grenada postage)
- Emigrants to Argentina
- Ralph Harpuder: Seeking Refuge in Cuba, 1939. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Rothe: German Ocean Passenger Ships 1919-1985 , p. 114
- ↑ Kludas: History of German Passenger Shipping , Volume 4: Destruction and Rebirth , p. 150
- ^ Kludas, Vol. 4, p. 157
- ↑ a b Kludas: History of German Passenger Shipping , Volume 5: An era comes to an end 1930-1990 , p. 54
- ↑ All 104 emigrants were not allowed to enter Cuba, and later also not in Mexico, and had to return to France by ship. (see web link: Seeking Refuge in Cuba, Holocaust Encyclopedia of the USHMM)
- ↑ On May 27, only 48 people with a previously issued entry permit were allowed ashore. (see web link: Seeking Refuge in Cuba, Holocaust Encyclopedia of the USHMM)
- ↑ Ralph Harpuder: Seeking Refuge in Cuba, 1939. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) , accessed June 20, 2019 (English).
- ↑ Nachtlicht Family Collection 1872-1999 Bulk: 1938-1942
- ↑ Ten Italian ships from Mexico and, in addition to the Orinoco in Tampico, the Hameln of the NDL in Veracruz, were confiscated.
- ↑ so Bonsor: North Atlantic Seaways ; according to Kludas: Passenger Ship Art , p. 150 as Olympia to Argentina, also Jordan: Merchantfleets , p. 475; lt. Rothe: Passenger Ships, p. 114 briefly used as Olympia under the Mexican flag
- ↑ Rothe, p. 114, also Kludas, Bonsor
literature
- Roger Jordan: The World's Merchant Fleets 1939 , Naval Institute Press, 2006
- Arnold Kludas : The History of German Passenger Shipping 1850 to 1990 . Ernst Kabel Verlag, 1986.
- Claus Rothe: German ocean passenger ships. 1919 to 1985. In: Library of Ship Types. transpress Verlag für Verkehrwesen, Berlin 1987, pp. 116–117, ISBN 3-344-00164-7 .
- Reinhart Schmelzkopf: The German Merchant Shipping 1919–1939 . Verlag Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg, ISBN 3 7979 1847 X .