Haller (river)
| Haller | ||
 Haller biotope below the Haarberg |
||
| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 48858 | |
| location | In Lower Saxony | |
| River system | Weser | |
| Drain over | Leine → Aller → Weser → North Sea | |
| source | Haller spring near Springe at Deisterpforte 52 ° 11 '54 " N , 9 ° 31' 50" E |
|
| Source height | 123.2 m above sea level NN | |
| muzzle | At Nordstemmen on the Leine coordinates: 52 ° 10 ′ 2 ″ N , 9 ° 45 ′ 45 ″ E 52 ° 10 ′ 2 ″ N , 9 ° 45 ′ 45 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height | 70 m above sea level NN | |
| Height difference | 53.2 m | |
| Bottom slope | 3 ‰ | |
| length | 17.7 km | |
| Catchment area | 123.9 km² | |
| Left tributaries | Rambke, Mühlenhaller, Röderbeeke, Bleekenbeeke, Pusse, Krähenbach | |
| Right tributaries | Hallerbruchgraben, Alter Gehlenbach, Neuer Gehlenbach, Ohe, Wülfinghauser Mühlenbach | |
| Medium-sized cities | Jump , Nordstemmen , Elze | |
The Haller is a 21 km long orographic left or western tributary of the Leine in the Hanover region and in the district of Hildesheim , Lower Saxony , Germany .
etymology
Spelling: Helere (10th – 11th centuries) Around the year 1000, the location of the karst springs in the Deisterpforte was mentioned in a border description of the Hildesheim diocese under the name Helereisprig . The Haller forms the border between the Diocese of Hildesheim in the south and the Diocese of Minden in the north. The location of the karst springs was called Hallerbrunn in 1631 , Haller Brunn in 1783 , Hallerbrunn in 1896 and Hallerbrunnen in 1950 . The town of Springe got its name from the Haller springs : it was called Hallerspring until the 18th century . Hans-Heinrich Seedorf suspects "that Haller means something like a noisy flowing brook ."
geography
The two sources of the Haller are at the Deisterpforte on Raher Berg in the parcel Am Spielbrink at an altitude of 123.2 m above sea level. NN developed in a water extraction system of the water supply company Purena ; Purena is a subsidiary of E.ON Avacon . The Hallerbrunnen pump spring water from the partly karstified corallenoolite of the Malm , which is supplemented by inflows from the 15 m thick Quaternary unconsolidated rocks. The pumped water is slightly alkaline, hard and has increased carbonate hardness . The springs are used to supply the town of Springe with drinking water; their discharge is around 0.5 million m³ per year. Other wells built in the vicinity temporarily influence the spring discharge because they also draw water from the groundwater body of the corallenoolite. The catchment area of the springs and fountains extends about 3 km to the southeast into the Kleine Deister . The former source lake has disappeared, and the sources are no longer visible. From each of the two wells, only a little water is fed from a pipe into the Haller's former bed.
In the second half of the 18th century, there was an artistically designed landscape and excursion garden around the Haller spring, which the then bailiff F. Bussmann had laid out. A carved limestone with the inscription "SP. D. June 14, 1770. FB" reminds of him , which, according to Udo Mierau, shows a stylized tree and several depressions that are interpreted in a legend as the devil's horse and human foot. The writing is badly weathered because the stone is exposed to the running water on the slope, the rain and the frost. The "stylized tree" can also be interpreted as an arrow pointing towards the Haller spring. This hewn limestone is located near the Haller springs on the slope below the road on which the waterworks is located.
The etiological story of the Teufelsstein tries to interpret the two depressions that can be seen on the limestone below. She tells that the Springer mayor at the Haller spring had got into an argument with the devil: Then it had come to the point that both were physical and the mayor grabbed the devil with both hands in the hip, picked him up and with such force smashed a stone so that both feet of the devil penetrated into it. That is why you can still see the deep impressions of the two devil's feet there today, a human foot on one place and a horse's hoof on the other, and that is why the stone slab bears the name "Devil's Stone" to this day.
The Haller flows through Springe and past the places Alvesrode , Mittelrode , Hallerburg and Adensen and flows into the Leine in the district of Wülfingen . It collects the water of the eastern Deisters , the northern Kleiner Deisters and the northern Osterwald . A sewage treatment plant in the town of Springe is located in the Alferde field , where it feeds the clarified water into the Haller.
geology
The Hallertal was originally a wide breakthrough valley of the Weser. The Deisterpforte opened the way to the Leine for the Weser, because the Hallertal was traversed by the Weser over a period of one and a half million years until it was so covered by ice masses 400,000 years ago during the Elster Cold Age that the Weser took a different route Had to look towards the North German lowlands . The solid rock below the Hallertal was created in the Middle and Lower Jura . It was through the course of the Weser at the Deisterpforte up to a height of 75 m above sea level. NN and in front of the confluence with the Leine up to a height of 70 m above sea level. NN removed.
In the east of the Hallertal the solid rock of the Jura was cut through by the Limberg thrust , during which layers of the Triassic , which are rooted on layers of the Upper Buntsandstein , were pushed onto the layers of the Jura. The upstanding layers of Unterer limestone , Middle limestone , Upper shell , Middle keuper , Upper keuper and upper red sandstone form between Bennigsen and Haller Burg the ridges Limberg , hair Berg , Abraham and Haller Burger timber , between Alferde and flours Mountain Finie with stone bench (also Steinbrink called ) and Limberg and north of Elze the Teufelsberg and the Burgberg under the Poppenburg . In addition, there are towering layers of Lower Buntsandstein and Lower Muschelkalk on Marienberg and from Middle Buntsandstein on the Helle , which adjoins the Finie to the east above Wülfingen . These mountain heights on the lower reaches of the Hallertal forced the Weser to leave the Hallertal between Adensen and Wülfingen . East of Adensen at the Hallerbrücke of Bundesstraße 3 the Leine flowed into the Weser.
Small islands made of towering rock were washed by the Weser: rocks of the Lias , on which the city of Eldagsen stands, and the heights of Sonnenborn from Middle Keuper and Auf der Höhe from Middle and Upper Keuper near Eldagsen .
The glaciers of the Elster Cold Age and the later Saale Cold Age overlaid the Hallertal and dumped the debris they had carried with them. As a result, the river bed washed free by the Weser and later covered with Weser gravel was buried and raised 10 to 45 meters. In the Drenthe stage of the Saale cold period, heights were created between the New Gehlenbach and the Wülfinghauser Mühlenbach . Cold north winds from the glaciers of the Vistula glaciation deposited loess in layers of 0.2 to 2 m thick, which turned into clay in the upper soil layers . Due to the fertile soil, the cleared and drained areas of the Hallertal valley are characterized by arable farming; they belong to the Calenberger Lössbörde.
Watermills
The three watermills Alvesroder Mühle , Hallermühle (near Mittelrode) and Rosenmühle (near Adensen) worked on the Haller until the middle of the 20th century . The Hallermühle is only used to generate electricity (as of 2008). A fourth watermill on the Haller can be deduced from field name research, but the mill building no longer exists: the Gosemühle near Alferde. There were more watermills on tributaries of the Haller. There was a sawmill in the Deisterpforte .
The Alvesroder mill
The Alvesroder watermill was a grain and sawmill.
The Hallermühle near Mittelrode
The Hallermühle used to belong to the von Jeinsen estate (Gut I) in Gestorf. The year of construction is unknown, the mill is mentioned for the first time in 1766, when it was transferred to the miller Johann Müller as inheritance interest. At that time it was called "Hallermühle". The current building was built in 1860 by the miller August Müller I. The later millers were his descendants August Müller II, August Müller III and his son-in-law E. Haase. The watermill had been working with a water turbine since 1952 and had one grinding and one shot passage each, as well as generating electricity for its own use. In 1964 it belonged to the miller E. Haase. The mill is a monument.
Rosenmühle and the fish ladder on the Haller
The Rosenmühle still stands south of Adensen on the Haller . This watermill was first mentioned in 1282 as the property of the von Adenoys family. The bishop of Minden was the owner of the mill. After the death of the last male owner of the von Adenoys family named Johannes II, the rose mill came into the possession of the Counts of Hallermunt in Hallerburg after the marriage of the daughter of Johannes II. To Count Gerhard von Hallermunt in 1322 . The Rosenmühle initially had an overshot water wheel and two undershot water wheels . Eventually the water wheels were replaced by a water turbine.
The builder's rose coat of arms was still visible on the original mill house. The Rosenmühle got its name from this coat of arms. Rudolf Wiegmann , who later became a professor at the Düsseldorf Art Academy , was born in the Rosenmühle house on April 17, 1804 . His grandfather Johann Christoph Becker was a miller in the Rosenmühle from 1773 to 1815. The new mill house was built by Wilhelm Alrutz in 1860. From 1523 to 1852 the rose mill was the forced mill for the "Adenser Gohe" with the exception of the Meierhöfe . The Rosenmühle had the right to eat for the "Adenser Gohe", which included the towns of Adensen, Alferde, Boitzum, Hallerburg, Holtensen, Sorsum, Wittenburg, Wülfingen and Wülfinghausen. The inhabitants of these places had to have their grain ground in the rose mill. The rose mill was also used as a sawmill. The sawmill with a vertical gate stood west of the rose mill. There tree trunks were made into boards.
The kolk was used as a bathing pond in the middle of the 20th century. There the child of one of the employees of the Rosenmühle from Adensen drowned.
The rose mill remained in operation until the death of the mill owner Otto Alrutz in 1958. In 1960 the mill was leased to the "Kraftzuckerwerk Rosenmühle, Carl Göhmann KG". Elsa Müller, Otto Alrutz's widow, married Gerhard Hallensleben in 1963. From 1972 to 1978 the Rosenmühle belonged to Johanna Kohrs geb. Remer. Mrs. Kohrs tried in vain to set up a campsite there. Her efforts failed because she was not financially able to build a sewage treatment plant for the camping guests.
On February 1, 1978, the Christian Youth Village Association of Germany (CJD) bought the Rosenmühle buildings and expanded them for their purposes. From 1979 the CJD youth village school in Elze used the Rosenmühle building as a boarding school and training center for pupils with learning difficulties and poor performance. After the boarding school is closed, the Rosenmühle buildings will be used as residential buildings.
On the initiative of the state of Lower Saxony, the European Union participated in the funding of the project: "The creation of ecological continuity in the Haller an der Rosenmühle near Adensen." As part of the "Profil 2007 to 2013" program for funding in the rural area of Lower Saxony / Bremen, a fish ladder was built near the Rosenmühle in the Haller.
natural reserve
Since around 1980, the NABU Springe and other nature conservation groups have acquired over 20 hectares of land for nature conservation in the Hallern lowlands between Gestorf and Eldagsen and redesigned them to be close to nature. These efforts are ongoing. So far, more than 100,000 euros have been spent, a large part of which is public grants and donations. In addition, the city of Springe and the Lower Saxony Landgesellschaft contributed considerable areas as substitute services (so-called area pool ) for project-related impairment of nature and landscape.
The positive development of these nature conservation areas is documented by regular surveys - especially those of the bird world. These show that the area is becoming increasingly important as a resting place for birds in flight. Over 300 cranes stopped here in one winter.
Landscape plan and land use plan of the city of Springe
In the landscape plan of the city of Springe, the waters of Alter Gehlenbach , Neuer Gehlenbach and Haller, including the floodplains, were designated for ecological development and presented in the land use plan as areas for measures to protect, maintain and develop nature and the landscape . In the still valid landscape framework plan, the area north of Eldagsen is shown as a particularly valuable landscape area. In the area around the NSG "Gypsy grove" a comprehensive landscape development plan was created by the Hanover region, and NABU Jump has - after the city council Jump rejected a sponsorship - with reimbursement in the amount of 30,000 euros by the Hanover region a Have a water development plan drawn up for the Haller in the area around the NSG "Gypsy Forest" with the aim of improving the ecological condition of the Haller in line with the European Water Framework Directive.
Renaturation of the Haller
The Haller has been part of the Lower Saxony river protection system since 1989 , as the main body of water , 2nd priority of the connecting water of the Leine in the natural spatial region of Börden (the Rodenberger Aue was classified as the main body of water , 1st priority for the Börden ). In the upper reaches are included instead of Haller Mühlenhaller and Ramke due to their greater closeness to nature. The course of the river was described in a 10-page description, endangered animal and vascular plant species were compiled, problems and necessary measures were described.
The EU Water Framework Directive, which came into force in 2000, requires that all surface water be in good chemical and ecological status. For the Haller there is an extension to the year 2027. However, since the EU directive has now been implemented in national law, the original directive is now legally binding. Various renaturation measures have been carried out on the Haller since the beginning of the 21st century, such as the natural transformation of the river. The plan of a specialist office has been available since 2011. Since then, according to its own account, NABU has held talks with residents, real associations, authorities and the owner of the Hallermühle in Mittelrode. The NABU in Springe describes the target of renaturation of the Haller as follows:
- The aim is to change the habitat conditions for the fauna and flora typical of the water in such a way that the good ecological status of the river is achieved.
The city of Springe is implementing the project to renaturate the Haller. It is located in the Springe field mark between the Springe sewage treatment plant and the Alvesrode boundary and upstream on the upper reaches of the Ramke. The measure takes place on numerous parcels with a total size of 64,847 m², which were made available as part of a land consolidation process and are leased to three farmers for the purpose of nature conservation.
The aim of the renaturation of the Haller is the ecological upgrading of the waters and the establishment of the continuous passability from the Haller to the Ramke. Sub-goals are the promotion of the momentum, the reduction of the hydraulic load, the reactivation of floodplain areas, the improvement of the water quality, the promotion of the biodiversity, the removal of the segmentation of the water, the visual integration of the water biotope into the landscape and the promotion of the experience and Recreational value.
Gypsy groves nature reserve
In earlier centuries the Sinti and Roma, then known as gypsies , were not allowed to enter the nearby town of Eldagsen and had to stay in the so-called Gypsy forest, which lay fallow as a wetland on the Haller and could not be used for agriculture.
The Lower Saxony Landgesellschaft acquired the Zigeunerwäldchen nature reserve on the Haller for an area pool. The association Biotop-Management-Initiative e. V. transferred. The nature reserve has an area of 15.0 ha and the NSG HA 115 label.
Picture gallery
Well house at the source
Teufelstein at the Haller spring
The renatured Ramke flows into the Haller, near Kaiserallee
Haller at low water on the B 3
.jpg)
See also
Literature and maps
- Bernd-Ulrich Kettner : River names in the river basin of the upper and middle line. Series: Name and Word Volume 6. Verlag C. Bösendahl, Rinteln 1972. Pages 106-108.
- Bernd Ockenfeld: The condition of Haller in the past, in the present and hopefully in the future. In: Springer Yearbook 2014 for the city and the old district of Springe. Ed .: Förderverein für die Stadtgeschichte von Springe eV, Springe 2014, pages 151–154.
- Adventure trail from the south school center to the Haller spring. Ed .: Association for the promotion of the town history of Springe. Jump 2013.
Web links
- Landscape protection area LSG-H 34: Limberg, Hallerburger Holz and Jeinser Holz from 1974 (pdf) (56 kB, accessed December 23, 2015)
- Renaturation of the Haller in the Springe field mark between the Springe sewage treatment plant and the Alvesrode district boundary. (from 2004, accessed January 15, 2016)
- Concepts and studies on water development
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Lower Saxony environmental maps: water network with direction of flow, catchment areas, property information
- ↑ K. Janicke: Document book of the Hochstifts Hildesheim and its bishops I, 40. Leipzig 1896. Quoted from: Förstemann: Altdt. Name book, 2 vol., Vol. 1 AK. H., reprint of the 3rd edition from 1913, col. 1335 under Helere.
- ↑ Source: Flurnamenlexikon for the field name map Springe-West. Edited by Heinz Weber. Hanover 1982. page 20.
- ↑ Kurhannoversche land survey of the 18th century
- ↑ Royal Prussian Land Registry
- ↑ Topographic maps of the Lower Saxony State Administration Office, sheets 3723 (Springe) and 3823 (Eldagsen).
- ^ Hans-Heinrich Seedorf: Hallerbrunnen . In: Förderverein für die Stadtgeschichte von Springe e. V .: Adventure trail from the south school center to the Haller spring. Jump 2013. Page 36f.
- ↑ Network area of Purena ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Udo Mierau: On the way in the Deister-Süntel valley. A local foray from Springe via Bad Münder, Eimbeckhausen, Lauenau, Rodenberg to Bad Nenndorf. Fürsten Nirski-Verlag - Udo Mierau, Springe 2000. Pages 24 + 61. ISBN 3-00-006589-X
- ↑ The quote is taken from this book: Georg Kollmann: Sagen und Erzählungen around Springe. Verlag CW Niemeyer, Hameln 1991. pp. 9-10.
- ↑ The Weserkies sites can be used to reconstruct the common course of the Leine and Weser at that time. On the former course of the river lie the following places: Nordstemmen , Rössing , Barnten , Sarstedt , Gleidingen , Rethen , Laatzen , Höver , Altwarmbüchen , Burgwedel , Mellendorf , Brelingen . Outcrops can be found, for example, at the gravel and sand pit (PDF; 219 kB) northeast of Brelingen. Weserkiese can be followed via Hagen bei Neustadt towards Nienburg . Literature: Ludger Feldmann and Klaus-Dieter Meyer (Hrsg.): Quaternary in Lower Saxony. Excursion guide to the anniversary general meeting of the German Quaternary Association in Hanover. DEUQUA excursion guide, Hanover 1998, p. 89ff. - Hans Heinrich Seedorf and Hans-Heinrich Meyer: Lower Saxony regional studies. Nature and cultural history of a federal state. Volume 1: Historical basics and natural features. Wachtholz, Neumünster 1992, page 105ff. - Ludger Feldmann: The Quaternary between Harz and Allertal with a contribution to the history of the landscape in the Tertiary. Papierflieger, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2002, page 133ff and passim . - Manfred Boetzkes, Ingeborg Schweitzer, Jürgen Vespermann (eds.): EisZeit. The great adventure of mastering nature. Book accompanying the exhibition of the same name. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Stuttgart 1999 and Roemer- und Pelizaeus-Museum Hildesheim 1999, page 95ff and passim. - Ludger Feldmann: When Springe was on the Weser - the geological history of the Deisterpforte . In: Springer Yearbook 2011 for the city and the old district of Springe, Friends of Springe eV for the history of the city, Springe 2011. Pages 10–22, 209–211.
- ↑ Peter Rohde: Explanations for sheet no. 3724 Pattensen. Supplement to the geological map of Lower Saxony 1:25 000. Lower Saxony State Office for Soil Research 1983. Page 110f and Figure 40. Friedrich Hamm: Geological events around Hanover. Norddeutsche Verlagsanstalt O. Goedel, Hanover 1952, pages 75-77.
- ^ Wilhelm Kleeberg: Lower Saxony mill history. Book printing and publishing house Hermann Bösmann GMBH, Detmold 1964. Page 143.
- ^ Wilhelm Kleeberg: Lower Saxony mill history. Buchdruckerei und Verlag Hermann Bösmann GMBH, Detmold 1964. Pages 140–141. - Achim Gercke: Adensen and Hallerburg. The history of the farms and houses and their owners . Hanover 1990 (Deutsche Ortssippenbücher. Series B, Volume 64. Special publication 23rd Lower Saxony Regional Association for Family Studies.) Pages 87-89.
- ↑ Manfred Rasper et al. 1991: The Lower Saxony river protection system. Basics for a protection program. The catchment area of the Oker, Aller and Leine. Hanover = nature conservation and landscape management in Lower Saxony 25/2
- ↑ Source: Leine-Nachrichten of the Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung , issue 11 of Thursday, January 14, 2016, page 8: Friedhelm Lüdersen: A lot to do: Naturschutzbund wants to renature the Haller.
- ↑ City of Spinge on the upper reaches of the Ramke, as of 2008, 36-14 ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ City of Spinge on the upper reaches of the Ramke, as of 2004, 36-15 ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Stadt Springe zum Oberlauf der Ramke, 36-16, as of 2008 ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Renaturation of the Haller in the Springe field mark between the Springe sewage treatment plant and the Alvesrode boundary. ( Memento of the original from January 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Teufelsstein in the Lower Saxony Monument Atlas
