Ausgemung

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With a Fully My Dung or rear overhead extension is called in Germany the political will of a city or town, to outsource a portion of their municipal area. In this way, districts that were previously independent can regain the status of their independence. It is the opposite process of incorporation , the change of affiliation of an area from one municipality to another is called re- municipality .

The process of evacuation occurs relatively infrequently. There are many reasons for such a decision. For example, localities see the paternalism of the city center and the associated limited scope for design in inner-city projects a reason for settlement. Forced incorporation can also form the basis for later incorporation.

In the case of the parish, the financial assets including the burdens and liabilities are usually transferred to the new local parish.

Examples of parishes in Germany

  • The Ottobrunn settlement that was created in 1902 was originally a district of Unterhaching (first mentioned in 1180). On April 1, 1955, Ottobrunn was spun off in agreement with the mother community and raised to an independent community. Due to a strong population growth from 1942, mainly triggered by the influx of bombed-out Munich residents as well as refugees and displaced persons , Ottobrunn recently had more inhabitants than Unterhaching and correspondingly more representatives on the municipal council.
  • Oberwesel and Urbar : The connection between the two villages lasted from 1974 to 1999. But the union was not particularly friendly from the start. Since the end of the 1980s, the city of Oberwesel has therefore continuously endeavored to find a solution. With the "ruling on the reorganization of the Urbar district from the city of Oberwesel and the formation of the Urbar community with effect from June 13, 1999" by the district administration of the Rhein-Hunsrück district, Urbar was determined to be outsourced for reasons of the common good the local community Urbar is formed as the legal successor of the separated parts. At the time of the settlement, the now independent municipality Urbar had to take over a debt ratio of around 850,000 DM from the city of Oberwesel.
  • Maroldsweisach and Ermershausen : The Lower Franconian community of Ermershausen was forcibly incorporated in 1978 with the help of several hundred riot police. After lengthy negotiations, however, the settlement took place in 1994.
  • Cologne and Wesseling : In 1975 Wesseling was incorporated into the city of Cologne, due to a successful constitutional lawsuit, it was reunified a year later.
  • Bottrop and Gladbeck : Also in 1975, the previously independent city of Gladbeck was incorporated. This resisted and was successful in December of the same year (St. Nicholas judgment). It was first rebuilt as an independent city and moved to the Recklinghausen district six months later .
  • Gießen and Wetzlar were separated again shortly after the merger to form the city of Lahn .

Disputes over parishes

  • Essen and Kettwig : Since the compulsory incorporation of Kettwig into the city of Essen, the regaining of independence of the district has advanced to become a permanent political issue. The CDU had repeatedly called for Kettwig's independence, most recently in 1998 with an application in the state parliament, which failed because of the red-green majority at the time. After the change of the NRW state government in May 2005, the project was given a new perspective.
  • Bochum and Wattenscheid : In 1975 Wattenscheid and Bochum were amalgamated as part of the regional reform. Wattenscheid lost its city status. Regaining independence is therefore a constant topic of political discussion.
  • Papenburg and Aschendorf / Ems : With the incorporation of the city of Aschendorf into the city of Papenburg in 1973, Aschendorf lost its communal independence and is now represented by a local council. In addition, the city lost its seat in 1977 when the districts of Aschendorf-Hümmling , Meppen and Lingen were merged to form the district of Emsland . Due to this double loss of administration, which is rare in Germany, a community of interests was formed in Aschendorf at the beginning of the 1980s , which demanded the restoration of communal independence. This interest group (AIG) took part in the local elections and was approved by 80% of the Aschendorfer voters. In the following years this case was also dealt with at the state level. On March 28, 1990, the Lower Saxony state parliament finally passed the law to separate the city of Aschendorf from the city of Papenburg. However, the implementation of this law was stopped in 1992 by the Federal Constitutional Court with an interim injunction and declared ineffective.
  • Hilgertshausen-Tandern : The former municipality of Tandern in the Upper Bavarian district of Dachau tried unsuccessfully to bring about the dissolution of the communal "forced marriage" with Hilgertshausen by filing a popular complaint before the Bavarian Constitutional Court.

Examples of parishes in Austria

  • Sankt Paul im Lavanttal and Sankt Georgen im Lavanttal : In 1973 the municipalities were amalgamated, which, however, did not find broad support from the population. On the basis of a referendum carried out in 1990, the former municipality of St. Georgen was given back independence on January 1, 1991 by resolution of the Carinthian regional government.
  • The community Zeiselmauer was separated into the two communities in 1997 Zeiselmauer and Muckendorf-Wipfing .

Examples of parishes in Poland

  • Wodzisław Śląski as well as Radlin , Pszów , Rydułtowy and Marklowice : The four formerly independent places were compulsorily incorporated into 1975, so that the city of Wodzisław Śląski was created. In 1997 the towns of Radlin, Pszów, Rydułtowy and the rural municipality of Marklowice became independent again as a result of a referendum. The nucleus of Radlin remained with Wodzisław Śląski, as it had in the meantime grown together with the latter in terms of urban planning and some residential buildings were built beyond the former district. The former Radlin suburbs of Biertułtowy, Obszary, Głożyny thus became the new town of Radlin.
  • Bytom and Radzionków : The city of Radzionków, which was compulsorily incorporated in 1975, became independent again on January 1, 1998.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Interest group 75 years of settlement area Ottobrunn (ed.): Ottobrunn. Settlement area and community. Self-published, Ottobrunn 1977, editors: Benno Anderl, Robert Hetz, Willi Meier, Jan-Diether Murken, Johannes Zohns, pp. 35–40.
  2. ↑ Zeiselmauer parish separation on RIS from January 1, 1998 accessed on January 15, 2018