Jakob Friedrich Kammerer

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Jakob Friedrich Kammerer (born May 24, 1796 in Ehningen , † December 4, 1857 in Ludwigsburg ) was a German engineer , inventor and designer . He developed, produced and sold phosphorus matches , the forerunners of modern safety matches .

Life

Kammerer was the son of Johann Stephan Kammerer, who moved to Ehningen in 1787 and married Anna Margarete Sattler. In 1810 the family moved to Ludwigsburg, where Friedrich Kammerer took over the parental screen maker business in 1815 after the death of his father. He also founded a hat-making shop, for which he developed special machines, which is why he had the reputation of being the inventor of factory-made silk hats. In 1832 he developed a phosphor match, a forerunner of the modern safety match .

Grave of Jakob Friedrich Kammerer in the old cemetery in Ludwigsburg

Kammerer was politically active and strongly anti-monarchist. In the course of his political engagement, he was arrested on July 1, 1833 on the Hohenasperg near Ludwigsburg for participating in the Franckh-Koseritz conspiracy and released on bail at the end of October of the same year. In February 1838 there was renewed indictment and a sentence of two years in prison. Kammerer escaped imprisonment by fleeing to Switzerland , where he settled in Riesbach near Zurich . In 1841 he moved into his own factory building there, where he produced his matches and sold them in Europe. He returned to Ludwigsburg in 1847. In the following years he fell ill with a nervous disease and was taken to the mental hospital in Schloss Winnental in 1854 , where the diagnosis "madness" was made. In December 1855 the transfer to the Dr. Kraus'sche private insane asylum in Ludwigsburg, where he finally died in 1857 and was buried on December 7th in the city's old cemetery .

The eldest daughter Sophie († 1858) of Kammerer, described as highly musical, received a vocal training and became an opera singer with international appearances. His second daughter, Emilie Kammerer, was the mother of the poet and playwright Frank Wedekind (1864–1918); she has left behind informative autobiographical notes - also with regard to her father.

Honors

  • 1934: Unveiling of a memorial plaque on Kammerer's former house in Heilbronner Strasse 32, Ludwigsburg.
  • 1980: Name of the primary and secondary school in Kammerer's place of birth Ehningen with Friedrich-Kammerer-Schule (today: Friedrich-Kammerer-Gesamtschule ).
  • 1983: Placement of a memorial plaque opposite the Friedrich-Kammerer-Schule in Ehningen.
  • 1995: Establishment of a small permanent exhibition on the upper floor of the town hall of Ehningen.
  • 1996: Installation of the Jakob Friedrich Kammerer bust created by Kurtfritz Handel in the center of Ehningen.

Trivia

  • At the exhibition "Ludwigsburg thinkers, poets and inventors", which took place in Breuningerland Ludwigsburg from May 20 to June 13, 2009 , Kammerer and the match were also remembered. A factual mistake was made in the matches shown as oversized "historical" models: Kammerer's early matches had heads colored blue (not red) due to the addition of indigo.
  • "Projekttheater XXL" and the "Theater unter der Dauseck", Oberriexingen , performed the play "Zündstoff" several times in 2016/2017 in Ludwigsburg and the surrounding area, with Jakob Friedrich Kammerer at the center.

literature

  • Otto Schanzenbach: Jakob Friedrich Kammerer von Ludwigsburg and the phosphorus matches. A contribution to the history of the Ludwigsburg trade. Dedicated to the trade and commerce association Ludwigsburg on its fiftieth anniversary. Ludwigsburg 1896.
  • W. Niemann: JF Kammerer, the inventor of the phosphorus matches. In: Archive for the history of natural sciences and technology 8 (1918), pp. 206–221.
  • Otto Krätz:  Kammerer, Jakob Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1977, ISBN 3-428-00192-3 , p. 84 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Hans Hartig: Jakob Friedrich Kammerer from Ludwigsburg. Inventor of the matches. In: Ludwigsburger Geschichtsblätter 44 (1990), pp. 81–116.
  • Karl Moersch : Jakob Friedrich Kammerer: Co-conspirator and inventor. In: Hohenasperg or an early dream of democracy. The fates of prisoners from the 19th century. Edited by Franz Quarthal and Karl Moersch. Leinfelden-Echterdingen 1998, pp. 67-79. ISBN 3-87181-417-2 .
  • Dieter Weigelt: Kammerer's first Swiss match factory in Zurich. In: s'Zündhölzli 3 (2003), pp. 3–5.
  • Emilie Wedekind-Kammerer: For my children - youth memories (= Wedekind readings - writings of the Frank Wedekind Society. Vol. 3). Edited by Friederike Becker. Würzburg 2003. ISBN 978-3-8260-2683-6 .
  • Albert Sting : History of the city of Ludwigsburg. Vol. 2: From 1816 to the end of the war in 1945. Ludwigsburg 2004, p. 458 f. ISBN 3-930872-08-0
  • Peter Müller: About girls with sticks. What the files of the Medical College say about the manufacture of matches in the 19th century. In: Archivnachrichten 46 (2013), p. 12 f. ( online as PDF ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The indication of the day of death in Neue Deutsche Biographie 11 (1977), p. 84 (see literature) as October 23rd is incorrect.
  2. ↑ Obituary in News. Brno. Volume 7. No. 348 of December 19, 1857, p. 3 ( online at ANNO - AustriaN Newspapers Online ). - See also Correspondenzblatt des Würtembergischer Landwirthschaftlichen Verein 17 (1830), p. 6 f. No. 3 ( online at Google Books ).
  3. ^ State archive Ludwigsburg , inventory F 235 II (State Sanatorium Winnental: patient files), Bü 1148 (patient file Jakob Friedrich Kammerer).
  4. ↑ Obituary in the Ludwigsburger Tagblatt dated December 6, 1857 (illustration by Hartig: Jakob Friedrich Kammerer (see literature), p. 96).
  5. ↑ See literature.
  6. ↑ sculptures. Denk – Mal in Ehningen. Art in public space. Ehningen 1991, p. 12 (with illustration). ( online ).
  7. ^ Bulletin of the municipality of Ehningen of October 13, 2005, p. 3.
  8. ↑ sculptures. Denk – Mal in Ehningen. Art in public space. Ehningen 1991, p. 19 (with illustration). ( online ).
  9. ↑ Online documentation on the Creation Dekodesign website .
personal data
SURNAME Kammerer, Jakob Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German engineer, designer, is considered the inventor of the match
DATE OF BIRTH May 24, 1796
PLACE OF BIRTH Ehningen
DATE OF DEATH October 23, 1857
Place of death Ludwigsburg