Kaiser's Tengelmann
| Kaiser's Tengelmann GmbH
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|---|---|
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| legal form | GmbH |
| founding | 1881 |
| resolution | 2018 |
| Reason for dissolution | Sale to Edeka |
| Seat | Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany |
| management | Raimund Luig (speaker), Jürgen Steffen (2014) |
| Number of employees | approx.15,000 (2014) |
| sales | 2.1 billion euros (2014) |
| Branch | retail trade |
| Website | www.kaisers.de |
The Kaiser's Tengelmann GmbH was a German supermarket chain , which until 31 December 2016 for the Tengelmann Group was one. The company headquarters was in Mülheim an der Ruhr .
The company recently had more than 550 branches in three regions of Germany: In the greater Berlin area and in North Rhine-Westphalia , the supermarkets were last operated under the name "Kaiser's", in the greater Munich / Upper Bavaria area and at the headquarters of the parent company in Mülheim an der Ruhr Name "Tengelmann".
The headquarters of Kaiser's Tengelmann in Viersen was closed on January 1, 2010; its activities were integrated into the corporate headquarters of the group of companies in Mülheim an der Ruhr. In October 2014 it was announced that all supermarkets were to be sold. On January 1, 2017, after many years of social discussions and legal disputes, the branches were transferred to the buyer, the Edeka Group. As agreed, 64 branches had been sold on to competitor REWE by April 2017 .
history
Kaiser's before 1971
The Kaiser's coffee business AG goes to Josef Kaiser back who in 1880 at the age of 18 years in his parents' grocery store in Viersen Hoser entered. The official founding year of the company is assumed to be 1881.
A large part of the turnover was still made in the late 19th century by peddling - a member of the Kaiser family walked through the streets with a cart and offered the green (because raw) coffee beans. The housewives then burned them on the home stove - a delicate task that often led to mistakes: the beans burned and thus became unusable.
After many attempts, Josef Kaiser succeeded in developing a device for evenly burning the raw coffee beans and producing optimally roasted coffee beans for the first time. With that he found an unexpectedly large niche in the market. With rising wages in general and the upswing of the founding years after the won war of 1870/71 , many people could afford a certain modest luxury. To go with the coffee, which was also popular with a side dish, Kaiser offered long-life baked goods and chocolate from their own production, as well as tea and sweets.
In 1882, the "steam coffee roasting company from Hermann Kaiser", as the company was called since it was founded in 1880, acquired two roasting drums, which in 1885 were converted to gas engine operation. The first step towards mechanizing coffee processing was taken. In the same year the first employee was accepted into the business and the first branches were opened in Duisburg (Beeckstrasse), Essen (Limbecker Tor) and in Bochum (Bongardstrasse). In 1887, Kaiser founded a branch in Berlin . The basic entrepreneurial idea was born: to market good standard goods in a manageable range at low prices by the shortest route with uniform equipment in the branch network.
From 1894 onwards, extensive industrialization began in the company. The number of employees increased. Kaiser founded branches in many German cities that were lavishly equipped; he only moved into shops in the best city locations. He insisted that all shop assistants wore uniform clothing and wore white collars that were freshly washed daily. In 1897 a branch opened in Heilbronn and the 100th branch in Bamberg in 1897 . The 200th branch followed as early as 1898, in 1899 the 400th in Regensburg , the 500th appeared in 1900. From 1899 the company was officially called "Kaiser's Coffee Shop GmbH ". 1904, when the branch in Zella-St. Blasii , the company logo that has been used since then (a friendly coffee pot face in a black circle) was introduced. In 1905 - for the company's 25th anniversary - an impressive performance record was presented: 2060 employees and workers were employed in 900 branches, branches in Berlin , Heilbronn, Breslau and Basel supported the rapid sale of goods in the extensive distribution network, and their own administrative building in Viersen had been built.
At the outbreak of the First World War , 3,810 workers were working in 1,333 shops, whose social situation had been improved by company support and pension funds (later company health insurance) as well as their own business savings bank and a “Julie Kaiser Foundation” for women who have recently given birth. During the period of inflation in 1921, the company donated 1,000 marks to each community with a Kaiser's branch to support the poor and during the Great Depression of 1931/1932 each branch donated 50 pounds of food for 6 or 3 months to be distributed to the poor. In 1931 the "Josef Kaiser Foundation" was created for workers with a share capital of 75,000 Reichsmarks and for employees with a capital of 125,000 Reichsmarks.
In 1939 the number of branches peaked at over 1900. In World War II, 40 percent of the stores were about destroyed.
In the post-war period , the branch network was first rebuilt. Company founder Josef Kaiser died on June 17, 1950, leaving his successor as head of the company, his son Walter, a well-ordered economic empire.
In 1952 the first self-service shop was opened in Duisburg.
In 1969, Kaiser's Kaffee-Geschäfts AG operated 565 branches and generated sales of around 732 million DM. Shareholder structure of Kaiser's Kaffee-Geschäfts AG 1969: 46% by the founding Kaiser family, 25% by Willi Maurer ( Rei (detergent) ) and 25 % the import and export company Theodor Wille from Hamburg.
Kaiser's former country estate Haus Clee in Waldniel is now part of the Children's Village Bethanien . His representative city villa in the center of Viersen now belongs to the city, in it is the city gallery in Park Viersen . In 1971 Kaiser's Kaffee Geschäfts AG was taken over by the Tengelmann Group.
Tengelmann before 1971
The retail trade under the name Tengelmann is the nucleus of the Tengelmann Group, the history of Emil Tengelmann GmbH is therefore largely identical to the history of the Group . The first branch under the name Tengelmann was opened in Düsseldorf in 1893 , the first self-service store in Munich in 1953.
Kaiser's and Tengelmann before the merger
In 1979 the two grocery chains Tengelmann / Kaiser's Kaffee generated sales of 3.8 billion DM and there were plans to merge with the department store group Horten .
In the early 1990s, Kaiser's Kaffee Geschäfts AG built up its branch network in East Germany by gradually taking over branches of the GDR chain HO . At first, joint Hofka markets were created with the HO and the former GDR foreign trade company Forum Außenhandelsgesellschaft . In 1992 the Schade und Füllgrabe supermarkets from the old federal states and in 1996 the Schätzlein branches (briefly owned by Deutsche SB-Kauf AG ) were taken over by the broken co op AG .
In 1996, the Tengelmann Group restructured its supermarket divisions: Until then, Kaiser's and Tengelmann were each represented with their own market presence throughout Germany, now Kaiser's Kaffee Geschäfts AG was only to operate in the north and Emil Tengelmann GmbH in the south of Germany. In southern Germany all Kaiser's branches were then converted into Tengelmann branches, and in northern Germany all Tengelmann branches were converted into Kaiser's branches. There were no closings.
Merging, renovation and sale
At the end of the 1990s, the price war in the food retail sector led to losses for the Tengelmann Group. Therefore, in 1999, she announced that she would sell her Kaiser’s and Tengelmann supermarkets . Preliminary negotiations with the retail chain Edeka about the takeover of the more than 1300 branches at the time failed because Edeka was only interested in taking over profitable locations. Ultimately, the group of companies decided to keep their supermarket chains in principle, but to concentrate on the four core areas of Berlin, North Rhine, Rhine-Main-Neckar and Munich / Upper Bavaria, in which the market share of Kaiser's and Tengelmann stores is particularly high was.
As a result, in 2000 around 550, i.e. a good third, of the branches were sold, closed or converted into plus branches because they were outside the core areas. In the remaining Kaiser's and Tengelmann branches there were changes in the product range and in the now common market presence. This meant that as a cheap brand known trademark to integrate "A & P" in the name and appearance of the supermarkets: From Kaiser's was A & P Kaiser's , from Tengelmann A & P Tengelmann , the previous symbols of the markets (coffee pot with Kaiser's stylized "T" at Tengelmann) replaced by the A&P logo. A short time later, however, this measure was no longer pursued or reversed.
Furthermore, Kaiser's and Tengelmann were organizationally merged and the logistics structures were adapted to the new branch network structure. In 2001, Kaiser's Kaffee Geschäfts AG Viersen and Emil Tengelmann GmbH Heilbronn merged legally to form Kaiser's Tengelmann AG .
On January 1, 2008, the Kaiser's company health insurance fund merged with the Siemens company health insurance fund (SBK).
On September 1, 2008, the MEMA branches (formerly Meyer Beck ) in the Berlin region were taken over.
In April 2010, the group began to withdraw from the Rhein-Main-Neckar sales area. 65 of the 116 Tengelmann stores last operated in the area were sold to Rewe , and a further 20 branches in the Rhine-Main area to tegut . Individual stores have also been transformed into privately run Edeka stores. The future of the rest of the markets was still uncertain, but a few more had previously been closed.
On October 7, 2014, the company announced that the supermarkets and their subsidiaries Birkenhof and Ligneus were to be sold to Edeka on June 30, 2015 , but the Federal Cartel Office finally banned this on April 1, 2015. At the same time, it was announced that the stores had since 15 years no longer make a profit and have 0.6% market share. The competitor Rewe also sued against the takeover.
Since April 16, 2015, former Edeka boss Alfons Frenk has also been a member of the Kaiser's Tengelmann supervisory board.
Following the decision of the Federal Cartel Office, Tengelmann and EDEKA jointly submitted an application to the Federal Ministry of Economics for ministerial approval on April 29, 2015. On August 3, 2015, the advisory monopoly commission also rejected the merger of the two supermarkets and recommended that Federal Economics Minister Sigmar Gabriel not grant permission. On March 17, 2016, Minister Gabriel approved the takeover by Edeka with a ministerial permit under certain conditions for the preservation of jobs, which led the head of the Monopolies Commission, Daniel Zimmer , to resign. On July 12, 2016, the Düsseldorf Higher Regional Court suspended the ministerial permit due to a lawsuit by the supermarket chains Rewe , Norma and Markant . The reasons given were a possible bias on the part of Minister Gabriel, a lack of public interest in maintaining employee rights and doubts about job security after the takeover. After an arbitration by former Chancellor Gerhard Schröder and a related reconciliation of interests between the parties, the plaintiffs withdrew their complaints against the ministerial approval. This made the ministerial approval final.
On October 17, 2016, the owner began selling around 100 branches in North Rhine-Westphalia. A recycling phase for the branches in Bavaria and Berlin should begin later. On December 2, 2016, the Rewe Group and Edeka agreed on a division of the branches. On December 31, 2016, the era of Kaiser's Tengelmann ended as an independent company. The remaining shops were sold to Edeka on January 1, 2017. Edeka, in turn, will sell 64 branches, 60 of them in Berlin, to Rewe. Branches with a large area are being converted to EDEKA and smaller shops to Netto Marken-Discount , a subsidiary of EDEKA. In the Berlin area, on the other hand, all branches taken over by EDEKA became EDEKA stores, regardless of their size. By the end of September 2017, all Tengelmann stores that were still in existence had been re-flagged to EDEKA stores, so the Tengelmann brand is now finally history.
In North Rhine-Westphalia, the renovation of 27 branches will take until 2018 because they have to be renovated. The last Kaiser's branch is in Hilden .
Trademarks
The company sold several of its own brands :
- KAISER'S coffee : coffee and espresso
- Every day : groceries (discount brand); Introduced in 2015, almost completely replaced the A&P brand ("Attractive and inexpensive")
- Star Brand: Food (Quality Brand )
- Naturkind: organic products
- Birkenhof: also as Birkenhof GmbH & Co. KG based in Buchholz in the Nordheide as a subsidiary of Kaiser's Tengelmann for meat and sausage products with three production facilities that supply the branches in the respective regions.
- Royal Comfort: hygiene products
- De Niro: pasta, pasta sauces and wines from Italy
- My gardener: Fruit and vegetables from the region with the farmer's identification with a picture and location on the packaging
Logos
Logo of Kaiser’s
(1904)
Logo of Kaiser’s
(2000)
Logo by Tengelmann
(2000)
Logo from Kaiser's Tengelmann (2001)
Logo from Kaiser's Tengelmann (2009)
Others
Ministerial approval
The seldom used instrument of ministerial approval allowed all branches to be sold to competitor Edeka. This was criticized by many editors and initially prohibited by the Monopolies Commission. The argument of the paramount importance of maintaining thousands of jobs was rebutted by critics with reference to the recently large number of mini-jobbers among the employees at Kaiser's Tengelmann. In addition, the company was quite competitive in individual regions (Berlin and Munich), and a takeover of all branches by Edeka would lead to a local monopoly of Edeka among the food supermarkets.
Home delivery
Kaiser's Tengelmann has offered a delivery service called Bringmeister since 1997 in Berlin, since 1998 in Munich and 2012 in Düsseldorf . Customers were able to order goods from a range of around 4,500 items via the Internet or by phone and have them delivered to their home.
Case of Emmely
The Emmely case , the termination of a Kaiser's cashier in Berlin without notice, caused the company to suffer a significant loss of reputation in 2009. The long-term employee was accused of having redeemed two empties vouchers that did not belong to her with a total value of 1.30 euros. In the third instance, the Federal Labor Court declared the dismissal on June 10, 2010 to be disproportionate and therefore illegal. Shortly afterwards, the cashier went back to work.
Web links
- Kaiser's Tengelmann
- Kaiser's
- Map of Kaiser's Tengelmann branches in Germany as of October 2016
Individual evidence
- ↑ kaisers-rr.de: Imprint
- ↑ Handelsblatt , April 2 to 6, 2015, p. 3.
- ↑ Kaiser's Tengelmann closes headquarters . Handelsblatt, November 20, 2009, last accessed July 13, 2016.
- ↑ 50 years of Kaiser's coffee business . In: Jewish address book for Greater Berlin , 1931 (advertisement).
- ↑ Kaiser's Tengelmann . Who to whom
- ↑ Kaiser's buys Mema branches . Who is buying whom, July 9, 2008
- ↑ Registered mergers: Kaiser's Tengelmann AG, Viersen; MEMA Handels GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin . Finanznachrichten.de, July 8, 2008, last accessed July 13, 2016.
- ↑ Rewe is allowed to take over Tengelmann stores . In: FAZ
- ↑ Tengelmann withdraws completely from the Rhine-Main-Neckar area . ( Memento from November 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) In: Darmstädter Echo
- ↑ Tengelmann Group leaves supermarket business. ( Memento of the original from October 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Press release of October 7, 2014, accessed October 7, 2014
- ↑ Competition guard : Cartel office forbids Edeka takeover of Kaiser's Tengelmann . Spiegel Online , April 1, 2015
- ↑ Tengelmann buries supermarket business . derwesten.de, October 7, 2014; accessed on October 8, 2014
- ↑ Rewe wants to sue against Tengelmann takeover . Handelsblatt online, November 10, 2014
- ^ Stephan Happel: Edeka and Kaiser's Tengelmann: Monopoly Commission rejects supermarket merger. wiwo.de, August 3, 2015, accessed on December 3, 2016 .
- ↑ Retail: Gabriel approves merger of Edeka and Tengelmann . In: The time . ISSN 0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed on March 17, 2016]).
- ↑ Zimmer's Paukenschlag FAZ.net , March 17, 2016
- ↑ No. 25/2016 Takeover of Kaiser´s Tengelmann by EDEKA: ministerial approval stopped ( memento of the original from August 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Düsseldorf Higher Regional Court, July 12, 2016
- ↑ Schröder manages Kaiser's arbitration. Retrieved October 1, 2017 .
- ↑ No. 39/2016 Takeover of Kaiser's Tengelmann by EDEKA: complaint also withdrawn by REWE. Retrieved October 1, 2017 .
- ↑ Breaking up of Kaiser's Tengelmann: The sale has begun | tagesschau.de. Retrieved October 17, 2016, from https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/tengelmann-ausverkauf-103.html .
- ↑ Kaiser's Tengelmann: Parts, parts, blessings - the takeover for Kaiser's stands , Wirtschaftswoche, December 2, 2016
- ^ The time of Emperor Tengelmann is over n-tv.de, December 31, 2016
- ↑ Sören Jensen: Sour fruits . In: Manager-Magazin October 201 . S. 68 ff., 70 .
- ↑ Michael Kläsgen: That's it with the Kaiser's Tengelmann era . In: sueddeutsche.de . September 25, 2017, ISSN 0174-4917 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed September 30, 2017]).
- ^ After the takeover by Rewe and Edeka: Farewell to Kaiser's Tengelmann , Wirtschaftswoche, December 2, 2017
- ↑ remaining Kaiser's branches , accessed on April 12, 2019
- ^ Daniel Bertholdt: Handel: Kaiser's Tengelmann - smashing, so what? In: Orange by Handelsblatt. Retrieved April 3, 2019 .
- ↑ Boris Hedde: Kaiser's image lastingly weakened . In: Wirtschaftswoche online, June 29, 2009
