Sigmar Gabriel

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Sigmar Gabriel (2018)
Signature of Sigmar Gabriel

Sigmar Hartmut Gabriel (born September 12, 1959 in Goslar ) is a former German politician ( SPD ) and today's advisor and publicist . He was Federal Chairman of the SPD from November 2009 to March 2017 and Vice Chancellor from December 2013 to March 2018 . He was also Prime Minister of Lower Saxony from December 1999 to March 2003 , Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety from November 2005 to October 2009, Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy from December 2013 to January 2017 and Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs from January 2017 to March 2018 . From June 1990 to October 2005 he was a member of the Lower Saxony state parliament , where he was chairman of the SPD parliamentary group from April 1998 to December 1999 and from March 2003 to June 2005 , and from October 2005 to November 2019 a member of the German Bundestag .

Origin and family

Gabriel was born in Goslar as the second child of the civil servant Walter Gabriel (1921–2012) and the nurse Antonie Gabriel (1922–2014) . The parents separated when he was three years old. Gabriel's older sister Gudrun Sabine stayed with his mother, he himself grew up against his will in the first ten years of his life with his father and his grandmother Lina Gabriel in a housing estate in Goslar- Jürgenohl . In 1969, after several years of legal battles, his mother was given sole custody and Gabriel moved in with her.

At the end of the 1970s, Gabriel learned that his father (a municipal civil servant in the middle service at the Bad Oldesloe district administration ) had remained a staunch National Socialist even in the post-war period . Gabriel broke off contact with his father completely. It was not until 25 years later that Sigmar Gabriel made an attempt to come to terms with the common past with his father. However, Walter Gabriel remained enthusiastic about the National Socialist ideology until his death in 2012. Sigmar Gabriel stated:

"My father was an incorrigible Nazi and Holocaust denier ."

- Sigmar Gabriel

Gabriel was married to his former high school classmate, the Turkish citizen Munise Demirel, from 1989 to 1998. Since 2012 he has been married to the dentist Anke Gabriel (born Stadler, * 1976) from Magdeburg and lives in the Gosla district of Hahndorf . He has a grown daughter (* 1989) from his first marriage and two other daughters (* 2012, 2017) with his current wife.

School education, military service, studies and professional activity (1967–1990)

Gabriel was a primary school student from 1967 to 1971 . During this time he was due to the precarious family situations ( divorce of parents, Flogging father etc.) as child behave striking . A teacher wanted to send Gabriel to a special school. In 1971 Sigmar Gabriel switched to the Hoher Weg Realschule in Goslar, which he completed in 1976 with secondary school leaving certificate . In 1979 he graduated from the Ratsgymnasium Goslar . From 1979 to 1981 Gabriel served as a temporary soldier (SaZ 2, last rank corporal ) in a radar unit of the air force in Goslar and Faßberg . From the summer semester of 1982 Gabriel studied German , politics and sociology at the Georg-August University in Göttingen . He completed his studies in 1987 with the first state examination for teaching at grammar schools . During his studies Gabriel also worked as a night porter in a hotel in Göttingen and at the German Trade Union Federation (DGB). From the school year 1987/88 on, Gabriel was a student trainee at the Christian-von-Dohm-Gymnasium in Goslar. He completed his legal clerkship in 1989 with the second state examination. In the course year 1989/90 he worked for a limited time in adult education as a lecturer for the courses German for foreigners and vocational preparation for unemployed young people at the Bildungswerk Niedersächsischer Volkshochschulen (BNVHS GmbH) in Goslar.

Youth functionary with the Falcons (1976–1987)

In 1976 Sigmar Gabriel became a member of the SPD-affiliated youth association Socialist Youth in Germany - Die Falken . Shortly after joining the Falken, he became youth group leader (ID No. 59) and chairman of the Falken local association in Goslar. Soon afterwards he was elected a member of the Braunschweig district board, initially as a consultant for anti-militarist work, later as a falcon ring leader and finally as district chairman. As a representative of the Falcon district Braunschweig, who in the 70 years the Marxist was attributed to wing, he was for a time at the falcon national executive.

SPD politician (1977-2019)

Local and state politics in Lower Saxony (1977–2009)

Parliamentary work and party offices (1977–2009)

Gabriel joined the SPD in 1977. Gabriel began his political career in local politics in his hometown Goslar. From 1987 to 1998 Gabriel was a member of the district council of Goslar and from 1991 to 1999 councilor of the city of Goslar. From 1990 to 2005 Gabriel was a member of the Lower Saxony state parliament . From 1997 to 1998 he was deputy chairman of the SPD parliamentary group , from 1998 to 1999 and from 2003 to 2005 its chairman. From 1999 to 2005 Gabriel was a member of the SPD party executive . At the 2005 party conference, he was not re-elected to the party executive committee. In 2007 he was re-elected to the party executive committee, but not to the presidium.

From 2003 to 2005 Gabriel was deputy chairman of the SPD Lower Saxony and from 2003 to 2009 he was chairman of the SPD district of Braunschweig. In addition, Gabriel took over after leaving the post of prime minister from 2003 to 2005 the newly created post of Commissioner for pop culture and pop discourse of the SPD (short Popbeauftragter ) which gives based on the singer Iggy Pop nicknamed Siggi Pop earned.

In addition to his work as the parliamentary group leader in the state parliament, Gabriel was also the managing director and partner of Communication, Network, Service GbR (CoNeS), which advised Volkswagen AG on European industrial policy .

Prime Minister of Lower Saxony (1999-2003)

Sigmar Gabriel in the Lower Saxony State Parliament (2003)

On December 15, 1999, Gabriel took over the office of Prime Minister of Lower Saxony . The new Gabriel cabinet thus formed the third state government within the 14th legislative period . His predecessor Gerhard Glogowski had succeeded Gerhard Schröder on October 28, 1998 after his move to the office of Federal Chancellor and shortly afterwards was confronted with allegations of affairs, so that he resigned on December 14, 1999. In the 2003 state elections , the previously sole ruling SPD under Gabriel lost 33.4% of the CDU under the leadership of Christian Wulff (-14.5 percentage points compared to 1998; CDU: 48.3%, +12.4 percentage points) Majority and then went into the opposition.

Federal Politics (2005-2019)

In the 2005 Bundestag election , Gabriel stood for the first time in a Bundestag election and won the direct mandate in the Salzgitter - Wolfenbüttel constituency with 52.3% of the first votes . He then defended his direct mandate three times ( 2009 with 44.9%, 2013 with 46.6%, 2017 with 42.8%). On May 26, 2019, he announced in the ARD telecast Anne Will to not to run in the next federal election. On September 26, 2019, he announced that he would give up his parliamentary mandate on November 1, 2019. Finally, he put it down at the end of November 3, 2019. Markus Paschke moved up for him .

Federal Environment Minister (2005-2009)

From November 22, 2005 to October 27, 2009 Gabriel was Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety . As such, he was instrumental in initiating and enforcing the gradual ban on conventional incandescent lamps in the EU in 2007.

Sigmar Gabriel at the state representative assembly of the Lower Saxony SPD for the federal election (2009)

He largely continued the environmental policy of his predecessor Jürgen Trittin and campaigned for the energy turnaround, i.e. Germany's withdrawal from nuclear energy and a reduction in CO 2 emissions.

SPD chairman (2009-2017)

On October 5, 2009, Gabriel was nominated by the party executive with 77.7% for the office of SPD federal chairman. In the election at the SPD federal party conference in Dresden on November 13, 2009, Gabriel was able to unite 94.2% of the delegate's votes. At the SPD party congress in December 2011, Gabriel was confirmed as party chairman for another two years with 91.6% of all delegate votes. After the second worst result of the SPD in a federal election, Gabriel was unable to repeat his two very good results and only received a moderate result of 83.6% at the ordinary federal party conference in Leipzig in 2013 . Gabriel himself spoke of an "extremely honest result". At the federal party conference in December 2015, he was re-elected with only 74.3%. The result since 1946 was the second worst for an SPD chairman after 1995, when Oskar Lafontaine ran in a fight against Rudolf Scharping and was elected with 62.9%. Gabriel himself commented on the result: "The newspaper will say: Gabriel punished - and that's how it is."

From 2009 to 2012, Gabriel was Vice President of the Socialist International as a representative of the SPD . After falling out with the Socialist International, he reset SPD membership to observer status and founded the Progressive Alliance with many other progressive, social democratic and socialist parties, such as the British Labor Party , the French Parti Socialiste , and the American Democratic Party , which has a total of 80 members.

Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy (2013-2017)

Sigmar Gabriel in the German Bundestag between Angela Merkel and Frank-Walter Steinmeier , 2014

From December 17, 2013 to January 26, 2017 Sigmar Gabriel was Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy and Vice Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany in the Merkel III cabinet .

As Minister of Economic Affairs, he was responsible, among other things, for the arms exports of the Federal Republic of Germany, the negotiations on TTIP and CETA with Canada and the USA and, through the expansion of the Ministry of Economic Affairs with energy policy, for the energy transition. In January 2017, he moved to the Foreign Office, but remained Vice Chancellor.

Renunciation of candidacy for Chancellor and Federal Foreign Minister (2017-2018)

For a long time Sigmar Gabriel had not clearly positioned himself as to whether he was ready to run as the SPD's candidate for chancellor in the 2017 federal election campaign. In January 2017, Gabriel announced to the weekly magazine Stern in an exclusive interview that he would renounce the candidacy for chancellor and the party chairmanship, instead suggesting Martin Schulz for both posts. At the same time, Gabriel declared in this context that he would replace the Federal President - designate Frank-Walter Steinmeier as Federal Foreign Minister.

Sigmar Gabriel together with then American Secretary of State Rex Tillerson in Washington, DC , February 2017

On January 27, 2017, Sigmar Gabriel became Federal Foreign Minister after the previous incumbent Frank-Walter Steinmeier had given up his office due to the upcoming election as Federal President. Gabriel's successor in the Ministry of Economic Affairs was the previous State Secretary and former Federal Minister of Justice Brigitte Zypries . During his tenure he successfully brokered the release of world journalist Deniz Yücel, who was imprisoned in Turkey . After the federal election in September 2017, he remained in office as a member of the executive government until March 14, 2018. Heiko Maas was his successor in the new government .

Activities after his resignation as Federal Foreign Minister (since 2018)

Gabriel has been chairman of Atlantik-Brücke since June 2019 and a member of the Trilateral Commission and the European Council on Foreign Relations . He has also been on the Board of Trustees of the International Crisis Group since May 2018 and on the Advisory Board of Deloitte since March 2019 . Since March 2020 he has been a member of the Presidential Council of the Björn Steiger Foundation. From June 2018 to spring 2020 he worked as an author for the Holtzbrinck media Handelsblatt , Der Tagesspiegel and Die Zeit , earning between 15,000 and 30,000 euros per month. In the summer semester of 2018 he was a lecturer at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn and in autumn 2018 he was a visiting lecturer at Harvard University for three weeks . Since November 2019 he has been working for the Eurasia Group as a political advisor.

On January 24, 2020, Deutsche Bank nominated him for a mandate on the supervisory board of their financial institution. This announcement caused some critical reactions. For example, MPs watch demanded a waiting period of three years for such a change, on the grounds that it would damage the understanding of democracy if Gabriel "now silvered his address book to Deutsche Bank, which he only as a representative of the people, two years after his resignation as Vice Chancellor." could fill up ". There were also positive comments in the press, as Marc Beise wrote in the Süddeutsche , that the bank would benefit “from his experience and personality” and society would benefit as well, since “a large functioning bank is good for the country”. On May 20, 2020, Gabriel was elected to the Supervisory Board of the same company as a member of the Integrity Committee of Deutsche Bank.

It was also announced in May 2020 that Gabriel was elected to the Siemens Energy Supervisory Board .

According to his own information, Gabriel worked as a consultant for Tönnies Holding from March to the end of May 2020 . Gabriel said he was supposed to find out which trade restrictions for meat products when exporting to Asia in the wake of the African swine fever were planned and how export permits could still be obtained.

Political positions

Gabriel belongs to the Seeheimer Kreis , which is considered conservative within the SPD, and to the Berlin network , in which mostly younger SPD MPs are united.

Foreign policy

On the occasion of a 2012 visit to the Israeli-occupied Hebron , he posted on Facebook that the Palestinians there lived in a "lawless area" and added: "This is an apartheid regime ." This comparison met with heavy criticism.

During the Ukraine crisis , Gabriel advocated sanctions against Russia and criticized the annexation of Crimea by Russia as contrary to international law. At the same time he stressed that Russia must be involved in a solution to the crisis.

Gabriel during the 54th MSC 2018

However, Gabriel spoke out in public at the Munich Security Conference in February 2018 in favor of a gradual dismantling of the sanctions imposed because of Moscow's war in Ukraine. He knows that the "official position" is different. According to the Tagesspiegel columnist Claudia von Salzen , this is remarkable in that a federal minister expresses a different private opinion and thus makes public that the incumbent government disagrees on a key foreign policy issue. Gabriel had already said something similar in 2015 after a meeting with Russia's President Vladimir Putin .

The media come to different assessments with regard to his visit to Qatar in March 2015 . The US Wall Street Journal reported that he had clearly criticized the emir, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani , and other government officials about the poor working conditions of foreign workers in the emirate, while German media such as Süddeutsche Zeitung , Die Zeit and the Tagesschau reported that he had taken Qatar under protection and highlighted the progress.

As part of his inaugural visit to Israel, Gabriel visited Yad Vashem on Monday, April 24, 2017 . The next day he met representatives from the Shovrim Shtika and B'Tselem organizations . Since Shovrim Shtika and B'Tselem would "slander soldiers of the Israel Defense Forces as war criminals", Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu canceled a scheduled meeting with him ("Prime Minister Netanyahu's policy is not to meet foreign visitors who ... meet with groups that slander IDF soldiers as war criminals ”). Gabriel was received by President Reuven Rivlin for this . In a related interview with the Frankfurter Rundschau , Gabriel compared the persecuted Social Democrats with the Jewish victims of the Holocaust , which earned him a lot of criticism.

In November 2017, Gabriel accused Saudi Arabia of “foreign policy adventurism” at a press conference with Lebanese Foreign Minister Gebran Bassil after the suspected kidnapping of Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri by Saudis. This put a strain on the diplomatic relationship between Saudi Arabia and Germany.

In an interview in March 2019, Gabriel advocated a geopolitical strategy and a common defense policy for the European Union. To this end, he used the image of a “vegetarian” or (after Brexit ) “vegan” Europe facing a world of “carnivores”.

Domestic politics

After Osama bin Laden was killed on May 1, 2011, Gabriel concluded that data retention was correct, particularly because of the increased risk of terrorist attacks. On March 15, 2015 Gabriel asked in an interview with the Germany radio by Heiko Maas and Thomas de Maiziere , that they should jointly draw up a draft law on data retention. Maas had previously spoken out against the introduction of data retention. Maas and de Maizière presented the guidelines for the draft law on April 15, 2015. The planned introduction also caused sharp criticism from the SPD itself, for example from the Jusos and the network politician Lars Klingbeil .

While Interior Minister Schily had always represented the position of the SPD and had repeatedly enforced changes in social security law to be applied equally to the civil service provision and the aid system, in particular with the 2001 Supply Amendment Act , Gabriel supported the CDU Interior Minister de Maizière , who refused to pass the law to transfer to the civil servants' pension (of the federal government) through performance improvements in the statutory pension insurance . This legislative proposal was agreed upon in the 2013 coalition agreement at the instigation of the SPD . Gabriel explained: "Civil servants have a completely different pension system."

Environmental and energy policy

As Minister of the Environment, Gabriel continued Jürgen Trittin's policy and advocated an end to the use of nuclear energy ( nuclear phase-out ). In the further development of the Kyoto climate protection agreement , Gabriel aimed for a European leadership role. Germany held the EU Council Presidency in the first half of 2007 and hosted the G8 summit in Heiligendamm in June 2007 . The climate policy played it on the political agenda a central role. Together with Frank-Walter Steinmeier , Gabriel is also campaigning for a socio-ecological New Deal , a social contract between business, the environment and employment.

Gabriel called for a change of direction in energy policy in 2013: “The EEG was a smart law when green energies were a niche. Now it is becoming an obstacle to their future. ”“ If the energy transition is not completely restarted and finally managed professionally, we are facing the largest de-industrialization program in our history, ”said Gabriel.

At the beginning of 2015 he presented plans for a climate protection contribution aimed at making the operation of old, inefficient coal-fired power plants uneconomical. The plans met with a positive response from environmental associations, public utilities and scientists, but aroused criticism from coal-fired power plant operators, industry, trade unions and various federal, state and local politicians - some from Gabriel's own party.

After a climate tax for particularly dirty lignite power stations could not be enforced against this resistance, a reserve capacity was decided to decommission a total of eight lignite units. The operators RWE, Vattenfall and Mibrag are now to receive a total of 1.6 billion euros from 2017. In 2014, Gabriel had rejected the concept of remuneration for dormant power plants with the pithy words "What the capacity market cannot become is something like Hartz IV for power plants: Don't work, but earn money". A pilot project for underground cabling of power lines caused annoyance at the Citizens' Initiative Association Mittleres Leinetal , as this would affect the constituency of Sigmar Gabriel. The selection process for this pilot route is not known.

Economic and social policy

Gabriel long advocated the introduction of a nationwide minimum wage of € 8.50, a point that the SPD was able to implement in the grand coalition that has ruled since 2013.

Gabriel supports the controversial free trade agreement, the Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement and the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement . He sees the free trade agreement as an opportunity for growth and regulation of trade in times of globalization. If TTIP and CETA are not passed, these rules would be determined by others, such as China (FTAAP), which is immensely contrary to European interests.

At the same time, he opposes a lowering of social, environmental and legal protection standards by CETA and TTIP and defends the European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker in his negotiations with Canada and the USA. He also takes action against arbitration tribunals, ie the negotiated investment protection, which he regards as “not necessary” between “developed legal systems”.

Party politics

Sigmar Gabriel at the SPD federal party conference 2015 in Berlin

In a reply to some SPD members, Gabriel described the party's situation after the 2009 federal election as follows: “Our SPD is in a catastrophic state”. The SPD will take a long time to recover from this crisis. Furthermore, Gabriel called for "a real structural reform of the SPD", with which "we above all create opinion-forming from the bottom up (without abolishing political leadership)".

After Gabriel had led the SPD on a left-wing course until the 2013 federal election , he changed his strategy after the SPD was defeated. The SPD must open up to the “working middle” and thus offer a broader content and personnel program. A position that he shared in 2020.

Gabriel stands for an intra-party democratization through membership decisions. So he initiated the membership vote of the SPD on the coalition agreement 2013 with the Union parties , which was accepted with a participation of 78% with 75.96. In the case of an expansion of the Federal Armed Forces deployment in Syria to include ground troops, Gabriel announced a further membership vote at the 2015 federal party conference.

The SPD election program for the 2017 federal election is to be decided on a grassroots basis so that SPD members can have a say in large parts of the election program.

Democracy and right-wing extremism

Gabriel is an advocate for the introduction of referendums at the federal level. He does not see pure representative democracy as the “peak of popular rule.” For him, referendums are “the only way to free politics from its self-blockade.” Citizens should have the opportunity to implement their own ideas and suggestions into laws as well as from Revise laws passed by the Bundestag.

After the PEGIDA movement began, Gabriel met with PEGIDA supporters at a discussion event organized by the Saxon State Center for Civic Education in Dresden . For this he was criticized by parts of his own party. Even if he strongly rejects PEGIDA, he sees “a democratic right to be right-wing or German national”, whether one likes it or not, even “a right to spread stupid things like the alleged Islamization of Germany”.

After the xenophobic riots in Heidenau , he criticized the right-wing criminals and described them as a “pack that has to be locked up”, which has nothing to do with “Germany as we want it”. They are, in truth, the "most un-German types" he knows. In response, the slogan “We are the pack!” Was chanted at xenophobic demonstrations.

The tone also tightened on the part of PEGIDA. During a demonstration, one participant carried a dummy gallows, which were labeled "Reserved Angela" Mutti "Merkel" or "Reserved Siegmar [sic!]" The pack "Gabriel". Something similar happened at a demonstration against TTIP, on the politically left-wing side, in which one participant carried a guillotine dummy with the inscription "Pass blos [sic!] On Sigmar!" Gabriel did not comment on these incidents. The carrier on the part of PEGIDA could be identified and investigations were started against him for disturbing the public peace by threatening to commit crimes and by publicly calling for crimes.

Social policy

In the context of the circumcision debate among Jewish and Muslim boys, Gabriel declared that millennia-old traditions should not simply be called into question.

Gabriel advocates same-sex marriage and full legal equality for homosexual civil partnerships .

Transport policy

In an interview with the Rheinische Post at the beginning of May 2013, Gabriel advocated a general speed limit of 120 km / h on German motorways, which was criticized by SPD chancellor candidate Peer Steinbrück and SPD parliamentary group leader Frank-Walter Steinmeier . He then qualified his statement.

Arms exports

Early on, Gabriel advocated a reduction in German arms exports, which he regards as a threat to international security, especially when it comes to deliveries to crisis areas, where Germany “earns money with blood”. Left, Greens and parts of his own party criticized him for the fact that German arms exports nevertheless peaked in 2015, which Gabriel justified with the arms deliveries to the Kurds, small arms and current contracts decided by the previous black and yellow government, which he justified despite his own rejection must implement. The aim is still a significant reduction in German arms exports.

European politics

In order to solve the Greek crisis, Gabriel advocated further loans for Greece, even if he criticized the behavior of the Greek government of Alexis Tsipras . This course has been called "zig-zag" by some critics.

Refugee crisis

After a particularly large number of refugees had come to Germany since September 2015 (see also the refugee crisis in Europe ), Gabriel advocated the basic right to asylum for refugees at the SPD party conference in December 2015 . He wanted to slow down the influx of refugees through contingents and border guards; the CSU demand for an upper limit on the number of asylum seekers is unrealistic. He criticized some EU states as "lacking solidarity".

Gabriel refused to suspend the minimum wage for refugees; Refugees and other people in need should not be played off against each other.

On August 28, 2016, in an interview with ZDF, he demanded an upper limit that he did not define in any more detail, which was legally possible because most of the immigrants did not apply for political asylum at all. This is defined by the “integration ability” of each country: “It is unthinkable that Germany takes in 1 million people every year.” In 2018 he pushed for more consistent deportations and opposed the “unrealistic and naive” attitude of his party.

Controversy

Controversies over private arbitration tribunals

In November 2014, Gabriel announced that he would adopt CETA without any major changes to the text of the contract, including the investor protection it contains for companies. This contradicts a position paper of the SPD, which was previously adopted. He was sharply criticized for this by representatives of Die Linke , Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen and his own party.

In May 2016, an unofficial working document became public, from which it emerged that the Ministry of Economics led by Gabriel adhered to private arbitration courts and even promoted their expansion, which contradicts Gabriel's statements made up to then. The time spoke of trickery in this regard.

Controversy about the Edeka-Tengelmann merger

The Tengelmann Group planned to sell 450 branches to the Edeka Group by mid-2015. However, the Cartel Office prohibited the planned merger as it expected negative effects on competition. Nevertheless, Gabriel granted ministerial approval at the beginning of 2016 and was heavily criticized for this by both the Monopoly Commission and competitors of Edeka. The Düsseldorf Higher Regional Court revoked the ministerial permit in July 2016 because Gabriel had " secret talks " and failed to "involve and inform all those involved in the proceedings". There was also strong criticism from the press about the granting of the ministerial permit. After an arbitration by former Chancellor Gerhard Schröder and a related reconciliation of interests between the parties, the plaintiffs withdrew their complaints against Gabriel's ministerial approval, which made it final.

Cabinets

Awards (selection)

Fonts

literature

Web links

Commons : Sigmar Gabriel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Sigmar Gabriel  - Quotes
 Wikinews: Sigmar Gabriel  - in the news

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ pnh: She died at the age of 92: Sigmar Gabriel mourns his mother. In: Focus Online . September 14, 2014, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  2. ↑ a b c Siggi Peppone from the Harz region . Constantin Magnis, Cicero , December 2009.
  3. ↑ a b Famous son: SPD leader Sigmar Gabriel leaves sick father alone. In: berliner-kurier.de. May 11, 2012, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  4. ↑ SPD party leader: Sigmar Gabriel talks about his father's Nazi past. In: zeit.de . January 9, 2013, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  5. ↑ a b Hans Monath: Sigmar Gabriels family history: My father, the Nazi. In: tagesspiegel.de . January 11, 2013, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  6. ↑ SPD leader: Gabriel talks about his Nazi father. In: Spiegel Online . January 11, 2013, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  7. ↑ SPD party leader: Sigmar Gabriel talks about his father's Nazi past. In: zeit.de . January 9, 2013, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  8. ↑ Gabriel visits the former Nazi extermination camp Auschwitz. In: dw.com. January 3, 2017, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  9. ↑ Julia Encke: Sigmar Gabriel's missing book. In: FAZ.net . June 11, 2016, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  10. ↑ Nick Afanasjew: Portrait: The Emperor of Goslar. In: Focus Online . November 16, 2009. Retrieved January 4, 2017 .
  11. ^ Klaus Wallbaum: SPD Federal Chairman - Sigmar Gabriel becomes a father for the second time. In: Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung . February 3, 2012, accessed January 27, 2017 .
  12. ↑ SPD boss in luck: Sigmar Gabriel marries long-time partner. In: Spiegel Online . August 17, 2012, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  13. ↑ SPD boss becomes father with 52nd RP Online, February 4, 2012, accessed on February 26, 2012 .
  14. ^ SPD leader Gabriel became father zeit.de, April 11, 2012
  15. ↑ "We are very happy" spiegel.de, March 4, 2017
  16. ↑ a b c Personally - Sigmar Gabriel. In: sigmar-gabriel.de. Retrieved January 4, 2017 .
  17. ↑ Sigmar Gabriel. In: Welt Online , December 16, 2013.
  18. ^ Nahles in the party executive committee - Gabriel failed faz.net, November 15, 2005
  19. ↑ Gabriel will be elected to the SPD presidium by spiegel.de, November 5, 2007
  20. ↑ Winter cannot be forever faz.net, November 12, 2009
  21. ↑ Thomas Tuma: Weltkrise private: When Siggi Pop rocks. In: Spiegel Online . October 20, 2009, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  22. ^ "Gabriel wanted more" focus.de, February 14, 2005
  23. ↑ Thanks to Hartz! focus.de, November 28, 2005
  24. ↑ "We are experiencing live here why your election campaign didn't work" welt.de, May 27, 2019
  25. ↑ "Then you should go better" - Gabriel gives up his parliamentary mandate welt.de, September 26, 2019
  26. ↑ Lower Saxony State Returning Officer: Seat transition in the 19th German Bundestag. In: landeswahlleiterin.niedersachsen.de. November 4, 2019, accessed November 4, 2019 .
  27. ↑ Jochen Bittner: A blow on the pear. Die Zeit , September 4, 2009, accessed on September 11, 2012 . , Der Tagesspiegel, July 10, 2013
  28. ↑ Only 77.7 percent for Gabriel. In: FAZ.net. October 6, 2009, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  29. ^ Peter Seiffert: Re-election at the party conference in Berlin: Gabriel remains SPD party chairman. In: Focus Online . July 18, 2013, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  30. ↑ Disappointing result for Gabriel , Tagesschau
  31. ↑ SPD party conference in Leipzig - SPD confirms Gabriel with a moderate result. In: Süddeutsche.de . November 14, 2013, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  32. ↑ Gabriel resigns, Schulz candidate for chancellor and party chairman , FAZ.net, January 24, 2017.
  33. ↑ Gabriel succeeds Merz in the chairmanship of Atlantik-Brücke. In: spiegel.de , June 26, 2019.
  34. ^ Trilateral Commission Membership List. In: trilateral.org .
  35. ↑ ECFR Council Membership. In: ecfr.eu .
  36. ↑ Gabriel takes on a position in a think tank for crisis management. In: wiwo.de , May 25, 2018.
  37. ↑ Ex-Minister Gabriel has a new part-time job. In: spiegel.de , March 27, 2019.
  38. ^ Gabriel: Commitment to the Björn Steiger Foundation. In: welt.de. March 13, 2020, accessed July 5, 2020 .
  39. ↑ A role model for freelance journalists. In: taz.de , October 9, 2018.
  40. ↑ a b c d Christian Teevs, Veit Medick, Stefan Kaiser, Sebastian Fischer, Lukas Eberle: Sigmar Gabriel's consultancy at Tönnies appalled the SPD. In: spiegel.de. July 2, 2020, accessed July 2, 2020 .
  41. ↑ From Foreign Minister to Reader. In: spiegel.de , April 16, 2018.
  42. ↑ Sigmar Gabriel moves to Harvard. In: faz.net , May 30, 2018.
  43. ↑ Sigmar Gabriel takes a job at a US consulting company. In: zeit.de , November 12, 2019.
  44. ^ Sigmar Gabriel nominated to join Deutsche Bank's Supervisory Board. In: db.com , January 24, 2020.
  45. ↑ Sigmar Gabriel becomes supervisory board member of Deutsche Bank. In: sueddeutsche.de , January 24, 2020.
  46. ↑ Gabriel defends move to Deutsche Bank. In: spiegel.de , January 26, 2020.
  47. ↑ Katharina Heflik, dpa, AFP: Ex-SPD boss: Sigmar Gabriel justifies post at Deutsche Bank. In: zeit.de. January 26, 2020, accessed January 26, 2020 .
  48. ↑ Marc Beise: Germany needs more Gabriels in the economy. In: sueddeutsche.de , January 27, 2020.
  49. ↑ sources are rather thin; so far only as captioning (picture 6/6 of the photo series): jku / dpa / AFP: Sigmar Gabriel: Promotion to the first division. In: Focus Online . October 1, 2009, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  50. ↑ Steamer asparagus trip “Seeheimer Kreis”: SPD is self-confident with asparagus and beer , rp-online.de, June 9, 2015, accessed on September 10, 2015.
  51. ↑ Israel's Palestinian policy: Gabriel reaps criticism after comparing apartheid. In: Spiegel Online . March 15, 2012, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  52. ^ Meeting in Moscow: Gabriel urges Putin to compromise. In: Spiegel Online . October 28, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  53. ↑ tagesspiegel.de February 20, 2018: Gabriel is hardly bearable as Foreign Minister
  54. ↑ Anton Troianovski: German minister criticizes Qatar's Labor Policies , Wall Street Journal , March 10, 2015 accessed on September 6, 2015.
  55. ↑ See Gabriel takes Qatar under protection (article on Süddeutsche.de), Gabriel certifies that Qatar has made progress in occupational safety (article on Zeit Online ), Much bill in Qatar? (Article on tagesschau.de), accessed on September 6, 2015.
  56. ↑ Netanyahu breaks the meeting with Gabriel ( Memento from May 19, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
  57. ↑ Newsletter.israel.de
  58. ↑ http://www.pmo.gov.il/English/MediaCenter/Spokesman/Pages/SpokeStatement250417.aspx
  59. ↑ Ynet.co.il
  60. ↑ Criticism of Gabriel: Foreign Minister compares Social Democrats with Jewish victims of the Holocaust. In: deutschlandfunk.de. Archived from the original on April 30, 2007 ; accessed on May 2, 2017 .
  61. ↑ Süddeutsche.de: Maas appeases the Saudis
  62. ↑ Ex-Federal Foreign Minister Gabriel describes the EU as the “last vegetarian in world politics”. Kölner Stadtanzeiger, March 9, 2019, accessed on December 15, 2019.
  63. ↑ SPD calls for a law on data retention. In: Spiegel Online. May 2, 2011, accessed November 29, 2013 .
  64. ↑ "We need data retention". deutschlandfunk.de, March 15, 2015.
  65. ↑ Anna Sauerbrey : Heiko Maas: Why the data retention is coming now. In: tagesspiegel.de . March 21, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  66. ↑ Terrorism: Heiko Maas confirms rejection of data retention. In: zeit.de . January 12, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  67. ^ A b Lisa Caspari: Data retention: Heiko Maas and the internal security of Sigmar Gabriel. In: zeit.de . April 15, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  68. ↑ "The draft law transfers the reform measures of the statutory pension insurance (...) equally effective and system-compatible to the civil service provision." (Bundestag printed paper 14/7064 and 14/7223 , cover sheet, B. Solution)
  69. ^ Draft of a law on performance improvements in the statutory pension insurance (RV performance improvement law), Bundestag printed paper 18/909
  70. ↑ DGB demands transfer of the pension package to civil servants, Tagesspiegel, January 21, 2015
  71. ↑ Shaping Germany's future. Coalition agreement between the CDU, CSU and SPD. 18th legislative period , p. 51
  72. ↑ Gabriel rejects pension at 63 for civil servants, Welt, December 28, 2013
  73. ^ Daniel Friedrich Sturm: The SPD and the green New Deal , Berliner Morgenpost online, June 22, 2009 (payment barrier).
  74. ↑ SPD and Greens scramble about the energy transition , In: Wirtschaftswoche , September 1, 2013.
  75. ↑ Climate protection: Gabriel wants to introduce a new tax for old coal piles. In: Spiegel Online . March 20, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  76. ↑ DIW: Reduced power generation from coal could soon make a relevant contribution to the German climate protection goal
  77. ^ The BMWi key issues paper "Electricity market" and the new climate protection instrument. A summary assessment by WWF and Germanwatch
  78. ↑ Further dispute about climate protection contribution from coal-fired power plants ( Memento from April 26, 2015 in the web archive archive.today )
  79. ^ Judith Lembke: Hartz IV from the Minister. In: FAZ.net. October 25, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  80. ↑ Michael Bauchmüller: Brown coal - trouble at the edge of the open pit. In: Süddeutsche.de. November 4, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  81. ↑ Underground cables instead of high-voltage lines thanks to Gabriel? ( Memento from January 30, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) ndr.de, January 27, 2015
  82. ↑ dpa, AFP, Reuters: SPD insists on a nationwide uniform minimum wage. In: tagesspiegel.de . October 18, 2013, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  83. ^ German Bundestag: Stenographic report of the 54th session , accessed on December 29, 2015.
  84. ↑ Gabriel sees his party in "a catastrophic state". in: nachrichten.t-online.de , October 22, 2009.
  85. ↑ Manfred Schäfers: The SPD chairman conjures up the working center. In: FAZ.net. December 11, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  86. ↑ Christiane Hoffmann, Markus Feldenkirchen: Sigmar Gabriel about Kevin Kühnert and the SPD: "He could come back at any time if he has worked for a few years". In: spiegel.de. Retrieved February 29, 2020 .
  87. ^ Membership vote - SPD base approves coalition agreement. In: süddeutsche.de. December 14, 2013, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  88. ↑ Speech at the party conference: Gabriel blames Merkel for the strengthening of the right. In: spiegel.de. Spiegel Online, December 11, 2015, accessed December 29, 2015 .
  89. ^ Daniel Friedrich Sturm: Party Congress: SPD members should write election program 2017. In: welt.de . December 7, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  90. ↑ Zitate.de ( Memento from December 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on December 29, 2015.
  91. ^ Federal Minister Sigmar Gabriel (Member of the Bundestag / SPD) »Dialog. In: dialog-2015.de , accessed on December 29, 2015.
  92. ↑ Matthias Meisner: How to deal with the anti-Islam movement ?: Sigmar Gabriel meets Pegida supporters in Dresden. In: tagesspiegel.de . January 24, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  93. ↑ Andreas Hoidn-Borchers: SPD leader Gabriel in the Stern interview on Pegida: “There is a right to be German national”. In: stern.de . February 4, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  94. ↑ Sigmar Gabriel in Heidenau: "Not a millimeter to the right-wing radical pack". In: welt.de . August 24, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  95. ↑ SPD boss speaks plain language: Gabriel attacks xenophobes: "Pack that must be locked up". In: Focus Online . August 24, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  96. ↑ "We are the pack". September 10, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  97. ↑ Demo in Dresden: Public prosecutor's office is investigating Pegida gallows. In: Spiegel Online . October 13, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  98. ↑ Government: Circumcision must be possible without punishment. In: Rheinischer Merkur , July 14, 2012.
  99. ↑ Ulrich Schulte: Debate about gay marriage: red-green heart issue. In: taz.de , February 25, 2013.
  100. ↑ Speed ​​limit: Gabriel is for speed 120 on the autobahn. In: Spiegel Online . May 8, 2013, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  101. ↑ Sigmar Gabriel rows back , autobild.de, May 10, 2013, accessed on September 7, 2015.
  102. ↑ A double exchange of blows between van Aken and Gabriel: Delivery of tanks to Qatar on YouTube
  103. ↑ Florian Gathmann: Gabriel and Greece: And again and again zigzag. In: Spiegel Online . July 6, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  104. ^ Daniel Friedrich Sturm: Greece package: Gabriel woos in the SPD for approval. In: welt.de . August 17, 2015, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  105. ↑ tagesschau.de December 10, 2015: Braking through contingents and border protection .
  106. ↑ Refugees: Gabriel warns of suspension of the minimum wage , euractiv.de, accessed on December 29, 2015.
  107. ↑ Melanie Reinsch: Refugees: Gabriel calls for an upper limit for refugees. In: fr-online.de . August 28, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2017 .
  108. ↑ Gabriel found the SPD's refugee policy “naive”. In: welt.de. June 11, 2018, accessed June 18, 2018 .
  109. ↑ Ex-Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel: “I am stunned by so much carelessness”. In: gmx.de. June 17, 2018, accessed June 18, 2018 .
  110. ^ Petra Pinzler: Free trade: Gabriel breaks his word. In: zeit.de . November 28, 2014, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  111. ↑ Ceta Agreement: Gabriel disgusts free trade critics. In: Spiegel Online . November 27, 2014, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  112. ↑ Federal government tricks at arbitration courts. In: Zeit Online. May 18, 2016. Retrieved July 29, 2016 .
  113. ↑ Petra Pinzler: Arbitration Court: So there are special rights . In: The time . No. 23/2016 , May 27, 2016, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed on July 29, 2016]).
  114. ↑ Edeka is not allowed to take over Kaiser's Tengelmann. In: tagesschau.de. April 1, 2015, accessed July 28, 2016 .
  115. ↑ Kaiser's Tengelmann takeover: New criticism of Gabriel. In: tagesschau.de. March 27, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016 .
  116. ↑ Ministerial approval for Kaiser's Tengelmann takeover stopped. In: tagesschau.de. Retrieved July 28, 2016 .
  117. ↑ Frank Wahlig: Comment: Ministers had to leave for less. In: tagesschau.de. July 12, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016 .
  118. ↑ Jan Hildebrand: Tengelmann-Edeka merger canceled: embarrassment for Gabriel. In: handelsblatt.com. July 12, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016 .
  119. ↑ Zacharias Zacharakis: Totally run off. In: Zeit Online. July 12, 2016. Retrieved July 28, 2016 .
  120. ↑ Schröder manages Kaiser's arbitration. Retrieved October 1, 2017 .
  121. ↑ No. 39/2016 Takeover of Kaiser's Tengelmann by EDEKA: complaint also withdrawn by REWE. Retrieved October 1, 2017 .
  122. ↑ Federal Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel receives the Dresden Order of St. George dnn.de, January 25, 2018
  123. ↑ Sigmar Gabriel is now an honorary citizen of his hometown Goslar goslar.de, September 24, 2018
  124. ↑ Gabriel receives the Order of the Phoenix for foreign policy engagement regionalgoslar.de, July 5, 2019
personal data
SURNAME Gabriel, Sigmar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gabriel, Sigmar Hartmut
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (SPD), Member of the Bundestag, Member of the Bundestag, Deputy Chancellor, Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs
DATE OF BIRTH September 12, 1959
PLACE OF BIRTH Goslar , Lower Saxony , Germany