Johann Konrad Jacobi

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Johann Konrad Jacobi (born January 30, 1715 in Wollershausen , † December 28, 1788 in Düsseldorf ) was a German merchant , manufacturer and councilor of commerce .

Life

Gable house Marktstrasse 11 (right) and 13 (left)
Jacobigarten with the location of the sugar factory
Jacobi's garden at Pempelfort, 1776

Johann Konrad Jacobi, the progenitor of the Rhenish branch of the family, was the third child of Johann Andreas Jacobi (1680–1756), Evangelical Lutheran pastor in Wollershausen, and Johanne Juliana (Juliane) Bauer (1684–1767). The Lutheran theologian and superintendent of Lüneburg Johann Friedrich Jacobi was his older brother.

In 1727 Johann Konrad Jacobi began an apprenticeship as a businessman in Kassel and from the second half of 1732 he worked for the Kramer Otto Johann Bachmann in Göttingen, who in 1735 was one of the three most respected merchants in the city. From 1736 Johann Konrad Jacobi was a resident businessman in Düsseldorf. In June 1739 Jacobi married Johanna Maria (Marie) Fahlmer (1713–1746) from Düsseldorf, whose father Georg Fahlmer, a wholesaler and purveyor to the court, bequeathed the Düsseldorf shop and private banking to him. Marie's half-sister Johanna Fahlmer (1744–1821), married to Johann Georg Schlosser since September 1778 , was Goethe's confidante during his Sturm und Drang period . His Comptoir with money lending and the factory-general store and the living quarters were located in Düsseldorf's Old Town , Market Street 11. The house was purchased in October 1745 by the married couple Johann Hermann Joseph Sybenius, Kurkölnischer Councilor and Vogt to Neuss and Maria Anna Eva Daniels.

From 1742 he acquired several parcels of land in Düsseldorf- Pempelfort , which were next to the electoral garden of the Duke of Jülich and Berg , today Jägerhof Palace , on the Düssel . The estate finally had a total area of ​​approx. 38,000 m² and served as a garden and summer residence for the Jacobi family, who lived at Marktstrasse 11, located on the market square . On the "Gütchen adjoining the Düsselbach from the sides", as Jacobi described it, there was an elongated summer house with a kitchen courtyard, a courtyard garden and a tree garden.

To make himself independent from Dutch sugar suppliers, Jacobi built a sugar refinery on his estate in Pempelfort in 1764 . Sugar was a coveted commodity , business was doing well, and the property was surrounded by strong, sweet fumes during the beet campaign . Less than two years after it was built, the sugar factory burned down completely. After he had it rebuilt in a larger form, the export duties for raw sugar to the Netherlands were increased around 1772 to such an extent that Jacobi no longer made a profit. The multi-storey building of the factory with ancillary buildings, between the Hofgarten and the Jacobi'schen Gut, extended parallel to the "path from Pempelfort to Flinger Steinweg ", today's Jacobistraße.

His older sons had left Düsseldorf around 1758/1759 for further training. Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi returned to Düsseldorf from Geneva in 1764 and in the same year married Elisabeth (Betty) von Clermont, sister of the cloth merchant Johann Arnold von Clermont . He moved into the house on Marktstrasse and, as his father's successor, took over the management of the manufactory and sugar boiling plant. The eldest son Johann Georg Jacobi lived and worked from 1774 to 1784 as a publisher and writer on the Jacobi'schen Gut. Together with Wilhelm Heinse in Düsseldorf he edited the "Iris" , a literary "quarterly magazine for women". Together with his younger brother he received scholarly guests in the Jacobi'schen Haus , including Friedrich August Clemens Werthes (1748–1817), Johann Gottfried Herder , Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Johann Georg Forster and Johann Georg Hamann .

After he had the summer house converted into a residential building, he moved to Pempelfort with his children from his second marriage, Lotte, Lehne and Eduard, in the spring of 1765. He laid out the so-called Jacobi'schen Garden here in the 1740s in the French style with a parterre and avenue, which his son Friedrich Heinrich transformed into an English-style landscape garden almost thirty years later . For financial reasons, Johann Konrad Jacobi had sold part of the house, located on the Düsselbach, and the larger part of the garden on this side of the Düssel, to his son Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi in 1776. Financing was made possible by the inheritance of the wealthy mother-in-law Helene Margarethe von Clermont (1705–1776), née von Huyssen.

Johann Konrad Jacobi, who had received the title of Kommerzienrat from the Palatinate Elector Karl Theodor , died in December 1788 on his Pempelfort estate.

After his death, Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi took over the Jacobihaus and his siblings inherited the small part of the garden and the grounds of the sugar factory, which were advertised for sale in 1789 as follows:

“A building near the local town on the Düßelbach, which was originally designed for a sugar refinery, was very convenient for various trades and consists of the following parts, is for sale along with about two acres in the adjacent garden at the same time on the Düßelbach .

1. The main building is 95 feet long 34 feet wide, 4 storeys high, with pans covered with Leyen bordered. [...]. With this building is:

2. An annex is connected by a covered communication over the Düßelbach, which is 55 feet long, 35 feet wide, 2 stories high, and faces the garden.

3. If there are two sides of the building, one of which is 94 feet long, 21 feet wide, 1 story high with an Italian roof (an Italian roof which is the third, fourth or fifth part of the width / depth to its height), and is furnished into apartments. The other, which can be used as a magazine , is 60 feet long, 20 feet wide, 1 base high with an ordinary roof. Between the two is the entrance to the courtyard with a gate, which is 40 rods in size and shares with the garden. Also, next to Nro. 2. In the garden, a building 30 feet long, 15 feet wide and a base high. "

- Gülich and Bergische weekly news, Düsseldorf, April 11, 1798

The sugar factory building was sold by the heirs, through Messrs. Jacobi & Jäger, in 1789 to Johann Gottfried Brügelmann , owner of the Cromford cotton spinning mill , who set up the “Brügelmann & Bredt” dye works for Turkish red there.

The Pempelfort property remained with the family until 1861. Then it was acquired by the artists' association Malkasten , which added a large society house to the Jacobihaus .

family

On June 4, 1739 Jacobi married Johanna Maria (Marie) Fahlmer (1713–1746) from Düsseldorf. She was the daughter of the businessman Georg Christoph Fahlmer (1687–1759) and Adelheid (Aleida) von Sonsfeld (around 1675–1739). Their children:

  1. Johann Georg Jacobi (1740–1814), poet and publicist ⚭ 1791 Maria Ursula (Marie) Müller (1764–1840)
    1. Johann Friedrich Wilhelm (Fritz) Jacobi (1792–1811), student of philosophy in Freiburg
  2. Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743–1819), philosopher, lawyer, businessman and writer ⚭ 1764 Helene Elisabeth (Betty) von Clermont (1743–1784), sister of the "Cloth Baron von Vaals", Johann Arnold von Clermont and daughter of the cloth merchant Esaias von Clermont (1698–1751) and Helene Magarethe von Huyssen (1705–1776)
    1. Johann Friedrich Jacobi (1765–1831), President of the City of Aachen, Prefectural Councilor and Member of the Rur Department ⚭ 1787 Johanna Katharina Luisa (Luise) von Clermont (1763–1844), daughter of his uncle Johann Arnold von Clermont
      1. Franz Jacobi (1789–1813), merchant
    2. Johanne Juliana Marie (Juliane) Jacobi (1767–1767)
    3. Georg Arnold Jacobi (1768–1845), landlord, lawyer, Privy Councilor (Jülich-Berg) , Privy Councilor in Pempelfort ⚭ 1) 1794 Carolina (Linele) von Clermont (1772–1795), sister of Johanna Katharina Luisa (Luise) von Clermont (1 child); ⚭ 1796 2) Marie Luise Brinckmann (1776–1845), daughter of the physician Johann Peter Brinckmann , most recently personal physician to Grand Duke Paul of Russia
      1. Gustav Friedrich Arnold Jacobi (1795–1860) ⚭ 1828 Anna Caroline Thesmar (1801–1840)
      2. Albert Jacobi (1799–1799)
      3. Anna Frederike Luise Julie Auguste Jacobi (1800–1802)
      4. Amalia Franziska (Amalie) Jacobi (1802–1872) ⚭ Carl Wilhelm Focke (1799–1883)
      5. Auguste Marie Caroline Jacobi (1803-1856)
      6. Georg Albano von Jacobi (1805–1874), Prussian general, military writer and botanist ⚭ Ernestine Karoline Elisabeth von Bohlen (1820–1899)
        1. Albano von Jacobi (1854–1919), Prussian general of the infantry
      7. Emma Luise Auguste Jacobi (1806-1820)
      8. Carl Benno Eduard Jacobi (1807–1840), captain and helmsman in the Prussian merchant navy
      9. Victor Friedrich Leopold Jacobi (1809–1892), philosopher, professor of philosophy in Leipzig
      10. Helene Clotilde Jacobi (1811–1826)
      11. Antonie Marie Natalie Jacobi (1812–1837)
      12. Marie Eleonore Johanne (Laura) Jacobi (1814–1883)
      13. Hermann Sieghard Rudolph Jacobi (1816–1870), physician
      14. Romuald Heinrich Bruno Jacobi (1819–1849)
    4. Wilhelmina Gleminda Juliana (Gleminde) Jacobi (1769–1770)
    5. Karl Maximilian Jacobi (1771–1772)
    6. Franz Theodor Jacobi (1773–1784)
    7. Karl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi (1775–1858), medical advisor and psychiatrist ⚭ 1798 Anna Friederike Petrina Claudius (1777–1856), daughter of the poet Mathias Claudius
      1. Juliane Clementine Jacobi (1799–1886) ⚭ 1826 Christian Friedrich Kling (1800–1862), professor of theology in Bonn, pastor and dean in Marbach
      2. Bernhard August Jacobi (1801–1843), theologian, chief preacher and school inspector
      3. Bertha Carolina Franziska Jacobi (1804–1874) ⚭ 1823 Karl Heinrich Sack (1789–1875), professor of theology and pastor in Bonn, consistorial councilor in Magdeburg
      4. Theodora Anna Rebekka Jacobi (1807–1890) ⚭ 1831 Carl Wilhelm Theodor Voigt (1804–1838), pastor in Siegburg and Thorn
    8. Clara Franziska (Claire) Jacobi (1777–1849) ⚭ 1795 her cousin Ludwig Arnold von Clermont (1765–1824), businessman, son of Johann Arnold von Clermont
  3. Johanna Maria Katharina (Marie) Jacobi (* 1745) ⚭ 1763 Ernst Christian Winkelmann (* 1737)
    1. Johann Christian Winckelmann (1766–1845), partner in the lithographic establishment Arnz & Comp. in Düsseldorf, founded the publishing house "Winckelmann & Sons" in Berlin in 1828
  4. Barbara Johanna Wilhelmina Jacobi (1746–1746)

In his second marriage Jacobi married Maria Katharina (Marie) Lausberg (1728–1763) on August 1, 1748 in Wuppertal-Elberfeld. She was the daughter of the wine merchant Johann Heinrich Lausberg (1690–1751) and Catharina Bemberg (1703–1780). Their children:

  1. Johann Christoph Jacobi (1749–1751)
  2. Friedrich Wilhelm Jacobi (* 1750), merchant in Bordeaux, emigrated to America and disappeared
  3. Karl Jacobi (1751–1751)
  4. Anna Katharina Charlotte (Lotte) Jacobi (1752–1832)
  5. Susanne Helene (Lene) Jacobi (1753–1838)
  6. Catharine Friederike Jacobi (1754–1754)
  7. Johann Carl Jacobi (1756–1757)
  8. Johann Peter (Eduard) Jacobi (1760–1830), businessman in Düsseldorf ⚭ 1) 1794 Helene Sophie Fredrike von Clermont (1764–1799), daughter of Johann Arnold von Clermont; ⚭ 2) 1801 Elisabeth (Betsy) nuns (1768–1818)

literature

  • Friedrich Maximilian Bernhard Johannes Jacobi: Genealogical directory of the Jacobi family in the Rhenish family branches from the oldest named ancestors , printed by Martin Oldenbourg, Berlin, 1896 digitalized on uni-duesseldorf.de
  • Peter Albrecht (Ed.): Forms of Sociability in Northwest Germany 1750-1820 , Max Niemeyer, Tübingen, 2003, ISBN 3-484-17527-3 , p. 167

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Family Jacobi from Wollershausen
  2. Georg Fahlmer worked as a wholesaler and banker in Düsseldorf and received the title of Commerzienrat from the Palatinate Elector Karl Theodor.
  3. ^ Fahlmer, Georg Christoph. Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  4. ^ Schlosser, Johanna Katharina Sibylla. Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  5. H. Ferber; In: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf; Published by the Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein, Verlag C. Kraus, 1889, part II, p. 12
  6. ^ Friedrich Lau: History of the City of Düsseldorf: First volume: from the beginnings to 1815 , Bagel, 1921, in the old outer communities , p. 253
  7. Sven Petersen, Dominik Collet, Marian Füssel (eds.): Environment: Events, Spaces and Experiences in the Early Modern Age , V&R unipress, 2015, in “Das Rheinland am Atlantik”, pp. 346–347
  8. Philipp Andreas Nemnich: Diary dedicated to one of culture and industry , Gothic bookstore, 1809, p. 288
  9. Painting: View from the Jacobi Garden to the sugar factory , unknown painter, 1862 , in the Stadtmuseum Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf , accessed on duesseldorf.de, on September 12, 2016
  10. Timeline of Johann Georg Jacobi's life: 1774 return to Düsseldorf, p. 8
  11. Voluntary Sales, under XIX. , in Gülich and Bergische weekly news, No. 16, 1789
  12. in biography Johann Gottfried Brügelmann: He bought a piece of land in Pempelfort from the Jacobi family and opened a Turkish red dye works under the Brügelmann & Bredt company. ( Memento of the original from September 23, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , at guelcher-chronik.de, accessed on September 12, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.guelcher-chronik.de
  13. Life data: Prof. Dr. phil. Victor Friedrich Leopold Jacobi , on uni-leipzig.de