Paint box house
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The Malkasten-Haus is the society house of the artists' association Malkasten . It is located at Jacobistraße 6a in Düsseldorf - Pempelfort .
history
In 1861 the "Jacobihaus", the home of the philosopher Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743–1819), and its extensive garden, the "Jacobi'sche Garten", were acquired by the artists' association Malkasten. At this point in time, the house and garden were already considered to be historically important because the so-called “Jacobi Circle” had gone there in the late 18th century, from which important intellectual historical impulses had emanated, for example for the culture of “ sensitivity ” and in the pantheism controversy . Important personalities from intellectual life had visited there, such as Diderot , Goethe , Herder , Wieland , Klopstock as well as Wilhelm and Alexander von Humboldt . Georg Arnold Jacobi lived there from 1799 to 1845 , one of the sons of the philosopher, who had held leading positions in the ducal Bergische , the grand-ducal Bergische and the royal Prussian government in Düsseldorf from 1802 . The acquisition by the artists' association was preceded by property speculation, which threatened to lead to parcelling in 1856/1857 and thus to the destruction of the historic property.
Since 1855 the Jacobihaus and Jacobi'scher Garten had been owned by Friedrich Wilhelm Julius Brewer, the general director of the Düsseldorf gas works, who had acquired the property from the heirs of the Jacobi family. Brewer wanted to sell it as building land. In particular, the establishment of a train station for the Cologne-Minden Railway Company came into consideration . In this situation, Düsseldorf's Lord Mayor Ludwig Hammers called on the Düsseldorf artists to try to buy and save “the memorable place of German classical literature”. The Cologne writer Wolfgang Müller von Königswinter also promoted this concern by publishing a corresponding appeal in the Kölnische Zeitung . The Düsseldorf notary Joseph Euler , a founding member of the Malkastens, and the District President Leo von Massenbach joined the effort by taking the matter with King Friedrich Wilhelm IV and the Prince Regent - supported by Friedrich von Prussia and Karl Anton von Hohenzollern Wilhelm advocated - brought about the "corporation law" for the paint box, which finally opened up legal recourse for the artists' association to acquire the property. The landscape painter Andreas Achenbach and the industrial lobbyist Alexander von Sybel had the Jacobi'schen Garten as early as September 17, 1857 “with residential buildings, coach houses, stables, barn, shed, park with orangery, wheat, vegetable and orchard a total of 11 acres 117 Ruthen for 22,000 Thaler "bought or pre-financed with the intention of later transferring ownership to the paint box and saved with the" obligation to maintain the garden in its integrity ". A worldwide picture lottery, to which artists from the Düsseldorf School contributed their works, was supposed to bring together the necessary sum of money, which soon had to be increased to 24,000 thalers due to necessary repairs and renovations .
The German art associations, the Bavarian King Maximilian II , the British Prince Consort Albert von Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha and booksellers from various Prussian provinces supported the action. In the course of this process, which was headed by a special commission of the artists' association, the lottery was increased to 50,000 thalers in order to ensure the preservation of elms, whose existence was endangered, the garden according to plans by Joseph Clemens Weyhe and a festival - and finance society house. On July 14th, 1860, the paint box was solemnly moved into the garden. On July 18, 1864, the foundation stone for the festival and society house was laid, and it was inaugurated on May 14, 1867.
The designs for the Malkasten House came from Ludwig Blank , who u. a. Louis De Blanc called. In this form, the house with its garden formed the space and background for imaginative artist festivals as well as for everyday leisure and club activities for the "Malkästner" for around eighty years. A highlight of his social life was the “Kaiserfest” in 1877, when Kaiser Wilhelm I and his entourage came to visit a festival, an event that was painted in the 1890s by the painter Fritz Neuhaus in a mural for the council chamber of the Düsseldorf city hall was held.
“And in this academy context, a beautiful garden in particular is to be remembered, which is an absolute oasis in this Düsseldorf painting. It is the 'garden of the paint box', this famous paint box, where the beautiful carnival festivals are given [...] ”
On the night of June 11 to 12, 1943, the entire building complex of the artists' association burned down to the foundation walls as a result of an air raid . Between 1947 and 1949, the Jacobihaus was first reconstructed according to plans by the architects Helmut Hentrich and Hans Heuser . The decision to demolish the remaining war-damaged parts of the building complex was made in 1951, at a time when Hentrich, as first chairman, was largely responsible for the architectural and structural reconstruction of the artists' association. In 1954 the society building received a modern entrance area with a canopy. A modern, marquee-like upper floor made of glass and steel was created. The old Jacobihaus was connected to the modern society house.
Thus the association building of the Malkasten now actually consists of two buildings, the "Jacobihaus" and the "Hentrichhaus". In the “Hentrichhaus” there is a 200 square meter ballroom, also called a theater hall, a bar and a restaurant. Under the building from the 1950s is the so-called artist's cellar, a vaulted cellar with a floor area of 180 square meters and an average vault height of three meters.
Until 1995, the “club 1848”, which was run by the former tenants Jochen Hülder and Rainer Wengenroth, was located in the Malkasten in the “Hentrichhaus” .
Historical pictures
Buildings around 1900
Back of the building with garden terrace
Bowling alley
Main hall
stairway
Curtain of the Malkastenbühne, designed by Carl Gehrts , 1894
Layout
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Web links
- Entry in the monument list of the state capital Düsseldorf at the Institute for Monument Protection and Preservation
literature
- Roland Kanz, Jürgen Wiener (ed.): Architectural guide Düsseldorf. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-496-01232-3 , p. 46, object no. 60.
- Boris Becker : Düsseldorf in early photographs 1855–1914. Schirmer & Mosel, Munich 1990, plates 112, 113.
Individual evidence
- ^ Klaus Hammacher : The position of the Jacobi circle on questions of religion, Lessing and the pantheism dispute . In: Gerhard Kurz (Hrsg.): Düsseldorf in the German intellectual history . Schwann, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-590-30244-5 , p. 79 ff.
- ^ Malkasten Düsseldorf - a place of free thinking , website in the portal nrw-stiftung.de ( North Rhine-Westphalia Foundation for Nature Conservation, Homeland and Cultural Care ), accessed on August 16, 2015.
- ^ Inge Eichler: Artists' associations. Social requirements, building history and architecture . Boehringer Ingelheim siblings, Humanities Foundation, Ingelheim 1986, p. 49.
- ↑ Prize list for Verloosung for the acquisition of the Jakobi'schen garden , Hofbuchdruckerei Hermann Voss, 1861 Dusseldorf ( digitized ).
- ↑ Irene Markowitz: The Malkastenpark . In: Wieland Koenig (Ed.): Düsseldorfer Gartenlust . Catalog, Stadtmuseum Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 1987, p. 68 f.
- ^ Hermann von Wedderkop : The book of Cologne, Düsseldorf, Bonn . Piper, Munich 1928, p. 175.
- ^ Sabine Schroyen: Sources on the history of the artists' association Malkasten. A center for bourgeois art and culture in Düsseldorf since 1848. LVR archive books, Volume 24, Rheinland-Verlag Habelt, Bonn 1992, ISBN 3-7927-1293-8 , p. 54 ( PDF ).
Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 46.7 ″ N , 6 ° 47 ′ 15.9 ″ E