Andreas Achenbach

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Honor painting of the painter Professor Andreas Achenbach on the occasion of his 70th birthday, by Heinrich von Angeli
Andreas Achenbach, 1853, portrait in the book Bildnisse Düsseldorfer Künstler by Bernhard Höfling
Andreas Achenbach, lithograph by Adolf Dauthage , 1883

Andreas Achenbach (* 29. September 1815 in Kassel , † 1. April 1910 in Dusseldorf ) was a German landscape painter of romanticism . He is regarded as a leading artistic personality at the Düsseldorf School of Painting , whose international reputation was largely based on Achenbach's oeuvre.

The main theme of his landscape paintings were seascapes . His brother Oswald Achenbach, on the other hand, concentrated on depicting the landscape of Italy. The two brothers were therefore jokingly referred to as the "nuts and bolts of landscape painting".

Life

family

Shores of the Frozen Sea , 1839, oil on canvas, State Hermitage Museum , Saint Petersburg

Andreas was the son of the businessman Hermann Achenbach (* 1783 in Kettwig ; † 1849 in Düsseldorf) and his wife Christine, née Zilch (1797–1868), born in Kassel. Apart from the artistic sense of his maternal grandfather, the Kassel tobacco manufacturer Andreas Zilch, there was little to suggest that two painters who were important for the 19th century would emerge from this family. Achenbach's father worked in a number of different professions. In 1816 he took over the management of a lead sugar factory in Mannheim . From there the family moved to Saint Petersburg in 1818 , where the father wanted to build his own factory with the fortune that the mother had brought into the marriage and where Andreas Achenbach received his first drawing lessons in a girls' school. Since the father's plan failed, he went back to the Rhine Province in 1823, namely to Elberfeld , where the father's family members lived. In Düsseldorf, his father soon worked as a beer and vinegar brewer and owned an inn at Jägerhofstrasse 34, later known as the “black Wallfisch”, where artists from the city frequented. The family lived on Lambertus-Kirchplatz (today Stiftsplatz) around 1842, and after the corner house had been extended and the entrance to Altestadt No. 1 aligned, Heinrich Ferber moved to the second floor. Later, the Zum Rosenkranzchen wine tavern was located in this house , and from then on gave the house its name. Hermann Achenbach left the apartment to his son Andreas in 1846 and moved to Kaiserstrasse , where he worked as an accountant . Andreas Achenbach's younger brother Hermann emigrated to the United States in 1833, where he settled in St. Louis in 1850 and traded pictures of his brothers.

On August 12, 1848, Andreas Achenbach married Marie Louise Hubertine Catharine (1827–1889) called Luise, a born Lichtschlag. The couple had five children: Emma Christina (* 1849), Maximilian Franz (1851–1898), Lucia Karoline Hubertina (* 1852), Helena Franziska (* 1854) and Gregor (1855–1897). The son Maximilian Achenbach first became an architect, then an opera singer and known under the name Max Alvary .

Art education

“The old academy in Düsseldorf”, 1831, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf

Andreas Achenbach, to whom the St. Petersburg drawing teacher is said to have certified as a six-year-old that he could already do everything, allegedly began his academic art training as early as 1827, i.e. at the age of twelve, at the Düsseldorf Art Academy with Wilhelm Schadow , Heinrich Christoph Kolbe and Carl Friedrich Schäffer . At an exhibition of the Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen , which Schadow had co-founded, the only fourteen-year-old Achenbach achieved his first major success when he was not only one of the exhibiting painters, but also one of his paintings, The Old Academy in Düsseldorf, was sold . In this picture, Achenbach chose the view from a window of his parents' apartment at Burgplatz 152. The choice of this sober subject underscores the artist's independence, because the portrayal of “reality” in the academy was considered idealistic under the leadership of Schadow Concepts was mastered, rather than too banal and to that extent as inartistic. It therefore speaks in favor of Achenbach's artistic personality, who was already firmly established at an early age, that he made a subject “unworthy of image” the subject of a painting. It was not until the winter semester of 1830/1831 that Achenbach was officially included in the student lists of the Düsseldorf Academy. In Johann Wilhelm Schirmer's landscape class there , which he attended from 1832 to 1836, his talent was rated as "very important", but his behavior was criticized.

In 1832 and 1833 he went on an extensive study trip with his father to Rotterdam , Scheveningen , Amsterdam and Riga . The trip gave him the opportunity to deal more intensively with Dutch and Flemish landscape painting. The paintings by Jacob Isaacksz were particularly influential for him . van Ruisdael and Allart van Everdingen . From the time of this trip on, his work was mainly dominated by seascapes, in which he artistically dealt with the experience of the sea and the coast. He apparently also processed family stories about the dangerous sea voyage to Saint Petersburg in 1818. With the painting Great Navy with Lighthouse he achieved his artistic breakthrough at the General German Art Exhibition in Cologne in 1836 , when no less a person than the Prussian governor in the Rhine Province, Friedrich von Prussia , bought this painting.

In the mid-1830s, Achenbach was one of the Düsseldorf academy students who moved to Frankfurt am Main and Munich . The reason for leaving the Düsseldorf Art Academy was the increasing disputes there about artistic training. From Munich, where he became acquainted with Louis Gurlitt , he set off on a trip to Bavaria and Tyrol in 1836. Soon afterwards he could be found in Frankfurt. On the mediation of his friend Alfred Rethel he got a studio at the Städelsche Kunstinstitut .

to travel

Fisherman's cottage in the dunes, 1838

Similar to his brother Oswald, Andreas Achenbach also went on numerous study trips during his life, which he mainly used to study nature. In 1835 he made a major trip to Denmark , Norway and Sweden . He returned to Norway again in 1839. His travel destinations in 1836 also included the Bavarian Alps and Tyrol . From 1843 to 1845 he stayed in Italy , especially in the Campagna and Capri . In later years he was a regular at the seaside resort Ostend . In 1846 he returned to Düsseldorf , lived on the Flinger Steinweg and from 1847 was a member of numerous associations that were part of the artistic life of the city, including the artists' association Malkasten . This is what it says in a Düsseldorf magazine in 1856:

“Both Achenbach brothers are [...] primarily the invigorating principle of society [of the paint box]; they are cheerful, funny and [...] enjoy an enviable independence. "

Painter prince

Andreas Achenbach in his studio , contemporary newspaper illustration, 1885

Achenbach surrounded itself with the leaders of urban society from politics, business and culture and resided like a prince. Apartment and studio hardly differed from upper-class salons or the city palaces of the nobles. Achenbach was one of the founders of the Malkasten artists' association in 1848 and, together with other wealthy patrons, made considerable use of their own funds to purchase the Jacobi family's former estate in Pempelfort and to make it a permanent center of the association. After his death on April 1, 1910, he was laid out in the Malkasten House , where there was an opportunity to bid him farewell for several days. The Düsseldorfers did it overwhelmingly. When the funeral procession started moving from the “Malkasten” to the north cemetery , Düsseldorf experienced a funeral like the state funeral of a prince.

Achenbach's influence as a teacher

Achenbach was a master of technology and a historically significant reformer. Due to his intensive painting activity, he trained only a few students during his life. These include his twelve years younger brother Oswald Achenbach , Albert Flamm , Marcus Larson , Apollinari Hilarjewitsch Horawski , William Stanley Haseltine and William Trost Richards . It is controversial how intensely he shaped the art of his younger brother. All that is documented is that in the 1840s he gave him recommendations in letters about composition and painting techniques and thus indirectly familiarized him with Schirmer's conception of art. He rejected closer teacher-student relationships .

Honors, awards

Honorary grave of Andreas Achenbach with a mourning angel by Karl Janssen , Nordfriedhof Düsseldorf

In 1848 Achenbach received the Belgian Order of Leopold , in 1861 the Russian Order of Saint Stanislaus , and in 1878 the Commander's Cross, 2nd class, of the Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav . On January 24, 1881 he was accepted into the Prussian order Pour le Merite for science and the arts . In 1885 he became an honorary citizen of Düsseldorf, at whose northern cemetery he received an honorary grave, designed by the sculptor Karl Janssen .

In 1853 he was accepted as an honorary member of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts , and in 1862 the Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera in Milan. He was also one of the preferred selection of contemporary artists that the “Committee for the Procurement and Evaluation of Stollwerck Pictures” suggested to the Cologne chocolate producer Ludwig Stollwerck to commission them with drafts.

In Essen-Holsterhausen the Achenbachweg is named after the painter, in Frankfurt am Main the Achenbachstraße .

Exhibitions

Selection of works

A storm at sea on the Norwegian coast , 1837, oil on canvas, Städel Museum , Frankfurt am Main
Hauling in the dinghy , 1842
Landscape with a River , 1866, oil on canvas, State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
Boats on stormy seas , 1888

Illustrations

Digitized editions of the University and State Library Düsseldorf

  • In: Aquarelle Dusseldorf artists: dedicated to the art-loving women. Arnz, Düsseldorf 1861. Digitized edition
  • In: Düsseldorfer Lieder-Album: 6 songs with piano accompaniment. Arnz, Düsseldorf 1851. Digitized edition
  • In: Esaias Tegnér: Frithiofsage. Translated by Julius Minding. Cornelius, Berlin (among others) 1842. Digitized edition
  • In: Bernhard Endrulat: An imperial festival in the "Malkasten" in Düsseldorf: and 11 original woodcut drawings. Voss, Düsseldorf 1878. Digitized edition
  • In: Robert Reinick: Songs of a painter with drawings by his friends. between 1836 and 1852.
    • Songs by a painter with drawings by his friends on the margins. Schulgen-Bettendorff, Düsseldorf 1836, test print. Digitized edition
    • Songs by a painter with drawings by his friends on the margins. Schulgen-Bettendorff, Düsseldorf 1838, colored portfolio edition. Digitized edition
    • Songs by a painter with drawings by his friends on the margins. Schulgen-Bettendorff, Düsseldorf 1838. Digitized edition
    • Songs by a painter with drawings by his friends on the margins. Buddeus, Düsseldorf between 1839 and 1846. Digitized edition
    • Songs by a painter with drawings by his friends on the margins. Vogel, Leipzig approx. 1852. Digitized edition
  • In: Ludwig Bund (Hrsg.): Lieder der Heimath: A collection of the most excellent poems in the picture decorations of German art. Breidenbach, Düsseldorf 1868. Digitized edition
  • In: K. Stieler, H. Wachenhusen, FW Hackländer: Rhine trip: From the sources of the Rhine to the sea. Kröner, Stuttgart 1875. Digitized edition
  • In: Collection of original etchings by Düsseldorf artists. Schulgen, Düsseldorf 1850. Digitized edition
  • Hermann Achenbach: Diary of my trip to the North American Free States or: The new Canaan. Beyer, Düsseldorf 1835, 2 volumes, digitized edition
  • In: Christmas album. Arnz, Düsseldorf 1853. Digitized edition
  • Twelve original etchings. Schwan & Steifensand, Düsseldorf 1885. Digitized edition
  • The Ewlenspiegel and the Drey Blind Digitized Edition
  • The fools of Count von der Lipp, or the beaten drum beater . Digitized edition
  • Reneaudin, Bollinger et Comp. 1857. Digitized edition
  • For the 80th birthday of our honorary member of Professor Doctor Andreas Achenbach on September 29, 1895 in the paint box in Düsseldorf: 1815–1895 . Bagel, Düsseldorf 1895 ( digitized edition )
  • A hostel in the mill. Comic opera in 2 acts based on a poem from the 16th century; Theater performance in the paint box January 1856 . Düsseldorf 1856 ( digitized version )
  • The Ewlenspiegel and the three blind men. Very wonderful, beautiful Tragedi, Commedi vnd Schimppff Spil, spiritual and secular, vil beautiful old warhistoric histori, also entertaining history that clearly show the day ... ; Theater performance in the Malkasten , March 7, 1857 in Düsseldorf. ( Digitized version )

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Achenbach, Hermann Friedrich Jakob (* 1793 in Kassel?; † 1849 in Düsseldorf); according to Kosch, year of birth 1817; according to DNB place of birth Kassel
  2. ^ Friedrich Pecht : German artists of the nineteenth century. Studies and memories . Nördlingen 1881, p. 332.
  3. ↑ Anreas Achenbach †: The beginnings of Andreas Achenbach. , in Rhein and Düssel (No. 15), from April 10, 1910.
  4. ↑ Achenbach, Herm., Privater, Lambertus-Kirchplatz 232 , in address book for the administrative district of Düsseldorf, 1842/1843, p. 20.
  5. ↑ Achenbach, Hermann, Privater, Altstadt, (in the new buildings.) . In: Complete address calendar and apartment display of the city of Düsseldorf , 1844, p. 3.
  6. ^ Achenbach, Andreas, Maler, Altstadt 232; Achenbach, Hermann, Buchhalter, Kaiserstraße 147 , in the address calendar and housing advertiser for the city of Düsseldorf and the suburbs, 1847, p. 2.
  7. ^ Gravestone Nordfriedhof Düsseldorf: Luise Achenbach, née Lichtschlag (* May 1, 1827; † December 31, 1889).
  8. ↑ Civil status of the master community Dusseldorf. Marriages. August 12: The painter Andreas Achenbach and Marie Louise Hubertine Catharine Lichtschlag, the former here, the latter living in Elberfeld . In: Düsseldorfer Journal and Kreisblatt , No. 219, dated August 14, 1848.
  9. ^ Rolf Andree in: Die Düsseldorfer Malerschule. Exhibition catalog, p. 241.
  10. ^ Rudolf Theilmann : The student lists of the landscape classes from Schirmer to Dücker . In: Wend von Kalnein : The Düsseldorf School of Painting . Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0409-9 , p. 144.
  11. ^ Wolfgang Peiffer: Andreas Achenbach. Rulers of land and sea. Stages of life of a painter prince . In: Bettina Baumgärtel , Wolfgang Peiffer, Matthias Winzen (eds.): Andreas Achenbach. Revolutionary and painter prince . Athena-Verlag, Oberhausen 2016, ISBN 978-3-89896-632-0 , p. 22.
  12. ^ Andreas Achenbach. In: Address book of the Lord Mayor's Office Düsseldorf per 1850. at: wiki-de.genealogy.net , accessed on July 29, 2015.
  13. ↑ Potthoff, p. 22.
  14. ↑ The Order Pour le Merite for Science and the Arts, The Members of the Order, Volume I , Gebr. Mann-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 374.
  15. ↑ Detlef Lorenz: Advertising art around 1900. Artist lexicon for collecting pictures. Reimer, 2000.
  16. ↑ Erwin Dickhoff: Families, citizens and people in the Spiegel Essen street names . City of Essen, Essen 1968, p. 9.
  17. ^ Art: art edition March-April ISSN  1866-542X p. 16.
  18. ↑ The old coal gate in Dusseldorf, oil. Canvas H. 0.72 m. B. 0.51 m. Bez. A. Achenbach 78. Legacy of the painter Hermann Krüger 1908. in the directory of those in the municipal painting collection in Düsseldorf, 1913 ub.uni-duesseldorf.de

Web links

Commons : Andreas Achenbach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Achenbach, Andreas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German landscape painter
DATE OF BIRTH September 29, 1815
PLACE OF BIRTH kassel
DATE OF DEATH April 1, 1910
Place of death Dusseldorf