Old Town

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Old Town
coat of arms
Street in Düsseldorf
Old Town
Joseph's Chapel with a view of the Old Town (right)
Basic data
place Dusseldorf
District Old town
Created before 1288
Connecting roads Emilie-Schneider-Platz , Ratinger Straße , Ursulinengasse, Liefergasse
Cross streets Stiftsplatz
Buildings St. Lambertus , Joseph Chapel , former Theresien Hospital
use
User groups Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic
Road design Cobblestones
Technical specifications
Street length ≈ 190 m

Altestadt is one of the few streets in Düsseldorf that at least largely existed at the time of the city ​​elevation in 1288. The oldest building in the area of ​​the street is the St. Lambertus Church . The Joseph Chapel and the former Theresienhospital are also historically significant . With the exception of St. Lambertus Church, all buildings on the church side were rebuilt in the second half of the 20th century. On the other hand, there are older buildings across the street.

While the eastern extension of the old town, Ratinger Straße , attracts a lot of public traffic due to the many restaurants there, the old town with only a few galleries is one of the quiet areas of the old town . There are restaurants only at the end of the street, on the corner of Ursulinengasse in house number 14.

course

Houses on the north side, in front the former Theresienhospital

The street currently begins at Emilie-Schneider-Platz and thus on the Rhine embankment promenade , which in this area is called Schloßufer , and runs in an easterly direction towards Ratinger Strasse . Until the city was expanded, the street ended, as it does today, at the intersection with Liefer- and Ursulinengasse. Their length is about 190 meters. At the eastern end was the first, old "Liebfrauentor" until the first city expansion. After the city was enlarged, until at least 1663 the extension to the first Ratinger Tor was also called Old Town. It is proven that the name Ratinger Straße is used for the extension of the name in 1738. In an old city map showing Düsseldorf from 1764, the street layout corresponds to the current situation. Only in the area of ​​the then non-existent Emilie-Schneider-Platz are both the beginning of the now no longer existing Krämerstraße and a few additional houses on the side of the St. Lambertus Church further north in front of the bank of the Rhine.

Another city map for 1889 shows a slightly different development in the northwestern part of the current Stiftsplatz. The back of the buildings at the beginning of Krämerstrasse end almost in front of the main portal of the St. Lambertus Church and only leave space for a narrow alley in front of the church. Up until the end of the 19th century, the houses on Kremerstraße 4 and 6, which are not shown on the map from 1764, are located here.

history

Düsseldorf 1288 (cropped) .jpg
Historical view of the old town based on a painting by Wilhelm Schreuer : in front right the Douvenhaus , behind it the house “Zur Stadt Rom” and the collegiate church St. Lambertus
Former Carmelite convent with Joseph's chapel

Like the city, the Altestadt street, formerly “Aldt Stadt” , has an eventful past. There is no longer any building structure from the 13th century. Until after the first expansion of the city, at the beginning of 1384, west of the St. Lambertus Church at the beginning of the street was both the market square and the first town hall. After the first city expansion, the name Altestadt was used for the entire first and thus old part of the city. It was not until the beginning of the 17th century that it was only used for the street, as it is now.

Until 1769, the current Stiftsplatz at the church was largely the site of the cemetery. This also included parts of the Altestadt street on the north side of the church and was separated by a wall. After the wall was put down and the cemetery was closed, the street in front of the monastery was widened.

Above all, the explosion of the powder tower in the northern neighborhood in 1634 and the warlike bombings of 1758 ( Seven Years War ) and 1794 ( First Coalition War ) repeatedly caused damage and destruction of the buildings at that time. Apart from the St. Lambertus Church, reliable records with data on buildings, house names and owners are only available from the 17th century.

The houses with an odd number are on the right side of the street (from the Rhine). As already mentioned, all houses on this page are more recent. The last remnants of the old buildings, which were still there after 1945 and which were partly rebuilt, were demolished around 1990 and no longer exist.

As with many other old houses in the old town of Düsseldorf, some historical names have been handed down for the houses on this street, also for houses that no longer exist. Until 1842, house no. 1 had its entrance on the eastern part of the Stiftsplatz . This year the building was increased and the entrance to the old town was relocated. According to Ferber , the family of Andreas and Oswald Achenbach moved to the second floor . Balthasar Thoelen later opened the Zum Rosenkranzchen wine tavern in the converted house , which from then on gave the house its name. The restaurant was named after the Rosary Brotherhood founded in the 15th century , which has had its regular restaurant in the house since 1812. Due to its location right next to the St. Lambertus Collegiate Church, respected citizens and dignitaries as well as artists and writers met in the restaurant. In the period from 1909 to 1911 the rosary was an important meeting point for a group of people around Hedda and Herbert Eulenberg , Hermann Harry Schmitz , Hanns Heinz Ewers , Richard Klapheck , Max Clarenbach , August Deusser , Kurt Kamlah and Friedrich Maase .

For house no. 3, the birthplace of the composer Norbert Burgmüller , the name Zum heiligen Appolinarinus and for no. 11 Zum neue Engel are documented. It is recorded from house no. 7 that a pharmacy was opened here as early as 1565 . In 1704 the owner of house no. 9 was a member of the well-known Lower Rhine family Redinghoven. These houses later belonged to the Schlösser brewery .

From the corner house to Liefergasse 17, the names of some of the owners are known from the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century. From the second half of the 18th century until after 1804 the elegant Hof von Holland inn was located here . From the European nobility, the King of Sweden stayed here several times at this time. After that, the post office is occupied in the building for 1817.

In contrast to the right-hand side of the street, there are still largely buildings on the left that originated in the middle of the 17th century. The land tax book of 1632 also lists buildings that were there before they were destroyed by the explosion of the powder tower in 1634. In the middle of the 17th century (1644) the construction of a Carmelite monastery began in the area of ​​today's building No. 2 (belonging to the former hospital) . As the monastery soon became too small, it was enlarged at the beginning of the 18th century. On April 26, 1712, the foundation stone for the Joseph Chapel was laid on a site donated by Elector Johann Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg as part of this construction work . On March 13, 1715, construction and renovation of the remaining monastery buildings began. The chapel was consecrated on December 15, 1716.

formerly Theresien-Hospital and dormitory for sick seniors, Altestadt 2, in 2011

In 1803 the monastery was secularized , but the nuns were allowed to live there for a few more years. In 1831 the former monastery was converted into a hospital and given away to the Celliten sisters . At that time, the private houses No. 2 and 4 were directly adjacent to the hospital. The first matron at the time the hospital opened was Émilie Schneider , after whom the space in front of the chapel was named. In 1852 the daughters of the Holy Cross took over the hospital from the Celliten sisters "for the feeding of the sick women". In an extension, the private buildings No. 2 and 4 were included in the hospital area. The hospital was rebuilt in 1909–1912 by Caspar Clemens Pickel . It was operated under the name Theresien-Hospital until 1977. Afterwards it was a dormitory for sick seniors until the end of 2007. From the beginning of 2008, when the last twelve nuns moved out, the building complex was unused. From the end of 2011 to the beginning of 2014, the then vacant building was converted into luxury apartments.

House Altestadt 14

With house no. 6 , still in the old style with a beautiful red brick facade, residential buildings begin that can already be traced before the explosion of the powder tower. Furthermore, the cellar of No. 6 has a construction that was common in the late Middle Ages. The names of various owners are documented. For house no. 8, as later for house no. 9, a member of the Redinghoven family is given as the owner in 1632. This member, Dominus Johannes von Redinghoven , had been a deacon of the small Reformed congregation in Düsseldorf since 1611. In 1610 Jan Wellem is said to have been the owner of building no. 8, who sold it to one of his court and privy councilors that year.

The name In the Name of Jesus was handed down for house number 10 in 1632 . Various owners from the beginning of the 17th century are also known for houses 12 and 14. After today's house number 14 on the corner of Altestadt / Ursulinengasse, there were three other small buildings in front of the Kreuzherrenkirche until 1690 . The owner of the house from 1626 to 1662, Johann Bertram von Scheidt , bought the three buildings in 1660 to demolish them. He wanted to clear the area in front of the church. At that time there was only a narrow passage and path between these houses and the Kreuzherrenkirche. This narrow path ran in front of the first old city wall that was still in place. It was not until the heirs in 1690 that they received permission to demolish these houses. The resulting widening enabled the Ursulinengasse to be laid out in its current form.

Brewery locks

From the middle of the second half of the 19th to the end of the 20th century, Altestadt was the location of the Düsseldorf Altbier brewery and the Schlösser brewery bar . After Johann Schlösser bought building No. 11 in 1873 , an inn brewery was opened there. The son, Josef Schlösser , took over the brewing. Other adjoining buildings were bought over the years to expand the brewery. In 1933, with the purchase of building no. 1, in which a café megalomania was operated at that time , the purchase of row no. 1-13 was completed. After buying building no. 1, it was demolished and a new brewhouse was built in the same place . Whitsun 1943, when it was destroyed by the war, operations had to be interrupted. After the war, on November 18, 1955, the inn with a large civic hall was inaugurated again. This hall was used extensively by tradition for many events. Until March 1988 it was also the meeting room of the Düsseldorf Jonges . Around 1990 the entire complex was demolished and modern business and office buildings were built on the property. This ended the long-standing chapter of castles in the old town .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf Part 1, Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889, p. 12.
  2. ↑ a b Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf part 1, Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889, p. 32 f.
  3. ↑ In the land tax book of 1632, p. [12] 2, the "Jonker Schöllers Haus" is listed in the continuation of the western Krämerstrasse in the new section "Aldt city and eighth of the moor on the pulverthorm" .
  4. ↑ Document No. 28, 1889, Volume 4, of the History Association of the City of Düsseldorf, in: Letter from the City of Düsseldorf to Duke Jan Wellem of September 24, 1693, p. (139) 136.
  5. ↑ Herrmann Kleinfeld: Düsseldorf's streets and their names. Grupello-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1996, p. 33.
  6. ^ Clemenz von Looz-Corswaren, Klaudia Wehofen: Düsseldorf in the map picture. Plan from 1750.Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 1998, p. 88.
  7. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein ; in: Volume 3, 1888, p. [99] 95.
  8. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Part 1, Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889, pp. 12-25.
  9. ↑ Achenbach, Hermann, Privater, Altstadt, (in the new buildings.) , In Complete address calendar and apartment display of the city of Düsseldorf, 1844, p. 3
  10. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Part 1, Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889, p. 12.
  11. ^ Alfons Houben: Düsseldorf. How it was then - how it is today. WI-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1983, ISBN 3-88785-006-9 , p. 194.
  12. ↑ Jasmin Grande: The Rosary (1909-1911) . Website in the portal rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de , accessed on January 2, 2016
  13. ^ A b Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Part 1, Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889, p. 12 ff.
  14. ^ Woldemar Harleß:  Redinghoven, Johann Godfried von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 27, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 534-536.
  15. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Part 1, Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889, p. 14 and p. 18.
  16. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Part 1, Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889, p. 19 f.
  17. ^ A b Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Part 1, Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889, p. 20.
  18. ↑ 2nd Congregatian of the Daughters of h. Cross. a. Monastery in Düsseldorf, for the feeding of sick women. Altstadt 2. , in the address book of the Lord Mayor of Düsseldorf, II. Public authorities, private companies, associations. Compiled on July 1, 1865, p. 185
  19. ^ Chronicle of the City of Düsseldorf until 2002 ; Internet portal: History in Düsseldorf, 1977.
  20. ^ Westdeutsche Zeitung of September 30, 2010 (WZ newsline) and Berliner Zeitung of October 16, 2012.
  21. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Part 1, Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889, pp. 22-25.
  22. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Part 1, Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889, p. 22.
  23. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Part 1, Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889, pp. 23-24.
  24. ^ A b Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein (ed.), Heinrich Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Part 1, Verlag C. Kraus, Düsseldorf 1889, p. 24.
  25. ↑ City Archives State Capital Düsseldorf; In: on deposit 4–117–0. Castles. Brewery . P. 1.
  26. ^ Alfons Houben: Düsseldorf. How it was then - how it is today. WI-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1983, p. 194.
  27. ↑ City Archives State Capital Düsseldorf; In: on deposit 4–117–0. Castles. Brewery . P. 2.
  28. ↑ City Archives State Capital Düsseldorf; In: on deposit 4–117–0. Castles. Brewery . P. 7.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Document No. 28 states that the buildings of the Carmelite monastery were built on the site of the old town hall square.
  2. ↑ According to Heinrich Ferber, house no. 1 was behind the eastern area of ​​the church. According to other sources , some of the houses to the west of the church were originally assigned to Altestadt Street.
  3. ↑ Heinrich Ferber cites No. 13 on the New Angel . However, since the description for No. 11 agrees with the information from other sources, 13 should be incorrect.
  4. ↑ The listed owners and ownership structure are given by Heinrich Ferber in his book "Historical Walk through the Old City of Düsseldorf". Other sources cite "Jan Wellem and Redinghofen for house no. 6".

Web links

Commons : Altestadt  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

swell

Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 43.9 ″  N , 6 ° 46 ′ 21.9 ″  E