Krämerstrasse (Düsseldorf)

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Krämerstrasse
former street in the old town
coat of arms
Street in Düsseldorf
Krämerstrasse
View into Krämerstrasse, to the right of the castle tower
Basic data
place Dusseldorf
District Old Town (Düsseldorf)
Created before 1288
Connecting roads formerly between the later Burgplatz and the area west of the Joseph Chapel
Cross streets Old Town and Burgplatz
Technical specifications
Street length ~ max. 155 m

In addition to the old town, Krämerstraße was one of the two streets in the old town of Düsseldorf that already existed at the time of the city's designation in 1288. The street was probably called Am Ufer at the time. It was behind the western city limits in front of the banks of the Rhine. The development of the street changed several times in the course of history. After 1945 the building alignment to the east was withdrawn and the east side of the street, which was still built up until the war, was largely used for the redesign of the Rhine bank area. The road became superfluous and was repealed by a council resolution of March 28, 1968.

location

Demolition of the house block on the right bank of the Rhine in front of the Lambertus Church (1898)

In terms of the current situation, Krämerstraße was located between Burgplatz at the height of the castle tower and Emilie-Schneider-Platz in the area of ​​the bank of the castle in front of the Joseph Chapel . More precise dates and details for the time of the construction of the road and the first development before the 13th century are not available. Mostly it is assumed that at the time the city was founded only the eastern area of ​​the street was built on. The western boundary was the city wall or its forerunner, an earth wall between the banks of the Rhine and the original village.

City wall in front of Krämerstraße, left from the castle (1647)

The beginning of the street was in the area of ​​the old town , as “Junker Schöller's house” was listed under “Aldt town and aft of the moor” in the land tax book of 1632. The road ended southwest in the area of ​​a fortified courtyard from which the castle of the Counts of Berg developed and a bridge was built over the Düssel. At that time there was already access to the banks of the Rhine, the Lindentrappenpforte , from Krämerstraße . The Rhine was accessible to fishermen through this gate and goods were transported to and from the Rhine barges. A photo from the second half of the 19th century shows a ramp that led down from the former gate to the banks of the Rhine.

At the place where the house of the Kampes family stands today at Burgplatz 28 (former restaurant "Am Schlossturm", today "D-Town"), Krämerstraße began at the height of the castle tower.

history

Board at the house at Burgplatz 28

As already mentioned, the Krämerstraße ended in the area of ​​the later castle . The foundations of a bridge that led from Krämerstrasse over the Düssel and the castle moat to the area in front of it were uncovered in the 19th century. The earliest documentary evidence for this bridge is from 1353 and 1355.

Urban area 1796, Krämerstraße: running diagonally to the banks of the Rhine in the lower half from the lower left boundary of the castle
Rhine shipyard 1889

Before the first city expansion from 1384, Krämerstrasse ended about 35 m further north in the area of ​​the castle tower and the south gate of the first city fortification located there. Later, this can be seen in all city sketches and city maps from the 16th century to 1945, the last building was on the east side at the height of Mühlenstrasse . The Burgplatz was smaller than it is now and only began at the height of Mühlenstrasse.

The first buildings on the east side of the street were inhabited by craftsmen and traders with their shops. The latter gave the street its name. In the area of ​​the northern extension, currently behind Emilie-Schneider-Platz , both the town house and the Lindentrappenpforte were located via which fishermen and traders reached the “old shipyard” and thus the Rhine from the city. The first market in Düsseldorf was also at the beginning of Altestadt and Krämerstrasse and in front of the town hall. This also applies to a customs tower that was located in the area of ​​this northern extension of Krämerstrasse and the city wall there after the Rhine toll was moved to Düsseldorf in 1380 until the customs levy was relocated to Zollstrasse .

With the densification of the buildings in the old town, buildings were also erected on the west side of Krämerstraße. The visit of a building in the Krämerstraße by Duke Johann von Jülich, Kleve and Berg is documented for May 30th 1537.

To the northeast of the town house was the Powder Tower, which exploded in 1634. Due to the proximity to the powder tower, especially in the northern area of ​​Krämerstraße and at the beginning of the old town , the buildings there were mostly completely destroyed in the explosion. The damage must have been extensive. As late as 1642 it was stated that “there is now a free space” between the banks of the Rhine and the St. Lambertus Church. The subsequent reconstruction took place relatively slowly, as the Thirty Years War had not yet ended and the financial possibilities during the war were limited. The development was obviously changed during the reconstruction in the northern area of ​​Krämerstraße. The backs of the new houses on the west side were now also part of the city wall. Only through a different development in this area can it be explained why Jonker Schöller's house was built in the southeast instead of in the northwest on a new plot of land in the immediate vicinity of the St. Lambertus Church . The city map from 1796 shows a bilateral development that had access to the Rhine on the west side through the coal gate , the later name of the Lindentrappenpforte.

At first it was mostly simple citizens who had their houses on the street, but later wealthy people also settled there. In the land tax book of 1632, some landowners who had their goods outside the city, the mayor Caspar and some nobles are listed as homeowners. H. Ferber also lists many high-ranking homeowners in his book from 1889. When after 1898 the construction of the Rheinuferstraße with the forward shift of the Rhine bank had to give way to the entire development on the west side of the widening of the Rhine bank, only the houses on the east side remained. Around 1900 there were still 4 shops and 1 restaurant in these houses.

Development

The old coal gate in Düsseldorf, Fritz Beinke (1902)
At the coal gate with the Zum Drachenfels house , artist postcard Fritz von Wille (before 1900)

No more detailed information is available from the first development. The first specific dates and names of owners for Krämerstrasse are documented in the land tax book of 1632. As with many houses in the old town, some house names have been handed down from this point in time.

House "Zur Stadt Rom" (left) and Douvenhaus (right), around 1911
Tower of the Lambertus Church, in front of it the Krämerstrasse, photo Julius Söhn , 1937
Sketch probably shows house number 18

For the west side of Krämerstraße these are: No. 1: Drachenfels , No. 7: In the iron cross , No. 11: In the seven stars and No. 15: To the elephant . For house no. 19, the last on this page in front of the castle , it is known that this was at times the “Princely Boys' and Pages” house . A grand ballroom was established in this building in 1699. From 1825 to 1897 the pawnshop of the city was housed in this building. The Drachenfels house was located next to the coal gate and in the 19th century until it was demolished around 1900 an inn at the Drachenfels was operated. This restaurant was also the waiting room for travelers who used Rhine ships for their journeys and waited here for information about the upcoming departure of the ships.

Houses No. 4 and 6 on the east side of Krämerstrasse had been located with their front in the extension of the old town , towards the banks of the Rhine, diagonally opposite the Joseph Chapel since they were built after the powder tower exploded . No. 4 was the corner house and this building was rebuilt after 1634 by Jonker Schöller to replace the house that was on the west side and had been completely destroyed in 1634. The house, now on the east side, still belonged to Baron von Schöller in 1645 . At the beginning of the 18th century this house was already dilapidated and was rebuilt in 1713 for the court painter Douven. More about this under Douvenhaus . The next house No. 6 was called Zur Stadt Rom and was also in front of St. Lambertus Church. The houses in front of the main portal of the church had already been torn down during the major redesign of the old town in the 1830s, thereby significantly improving access to the church.

Houses no. 8 to 18 were elegant town houses that were again on the normal east side of Krämerstrasse. The counts and barons of Hochstede , who held high positions at the ducal court and in the duchy , lived for a long time in house number 18, the last in the castle area .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Herrmann Kleinfeld; in: Düsseldorf's streets and their names , 1996, Grupello-Verlag, p. 207.
  2. ^ Archives of the City of Düsseldorf; in: history file , volume KM, p. 97.
  3. ^ In: Journal of the Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein . 1883, No. 6, p. [138] 128. Online version
  4. ^ A b Alfons Houben, in: Düsseldorf How it was then - how it is today , WI-Verlag, 1983, p. 10.
  5. ^ Karl Leopold Strauven; In: History of the Palace in Düsseldorf ; 1872, p. [23] 19.
  6. ^ Karl Leopold Strauven; In: History of the Palace in Düsseldorf ; 1872, pp. [8-11] 4-7.
  7. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein: in: Festschrift for the 600th anniversary. 1888 , p. [478] 461.
  8. ↑ Herrmann Kleinfeld; in: Düsseldorf's streets and their names , 1996, Grupello-Verlag, p. 208.
  9. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein: in: Festschrift for the 600th anniversary. 1888 , p. [437] 420.
  10. ^ Archives of the City of Düsseldorf; in: Geschichtendatei , Volume KM, p. 97.
  11. ^ Archives of the City of Düsseldorf; in: Geschichtendatei , Volume QS, p. 27.
  12. ↑ H. Ferber; in: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf ; 1889, supplement I., p. [69].
  13. ↑ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein ; in: Volume 3, 1888, p. [90] 86.
  14. ^ In: Weblink: Stadtarchiv Düsseldorf , under keyword: Krämerstrasse.
  15. ^ Archives of the City of Düsseldorf; in: Volume QS , p. 119.
  16. ↑ H. Ferber; in: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf ; 1889, Part I, pp. 61-66.
  17. ^ Karl Leopold Strauven; In: History of the Palace in Düsseldorf ; 1872, p. [36] 32.
  18. ^ Archives of the City of Düsseldorf; in: Geschichtendatei , Volume KM, p. 171.
  19. ↑ H. Ferber; in: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf ; 1889, part I, p. 65.
  20. ^ In: Report on the status and the administration of the community affairs of the city of Düsseldorf. Section: Royal Government Regulations and Notices. No. 372 . Period: April 1, 1899 to March 31, 1900 . 1831. No. 64, p. [404] 407.
  21. ↑ H. Ferber; in: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf ; 1889, part I, p. 66.

Remarks

  1. ↑ In this land tax book from 1632, p. [12] 2, "Jonker Schöllers Haus" is listed in the continuation of the western Krämerstrasse in the new section "Aldt city and eighth of the moor on the pulverthorm" . The original Schöllersche house must have been more northwest than the new building after 1634.
  2. ↑ KL Strauven states in the history of the castle in Düsseldorf from 1872 on page [27] 23 that the “gate at the Lindentrappe” was already present in the old “core city”.
  3. ↑ In a sales advertisement in the "Gülich and Bergische weekly news", 1774, No. 49, p. [329] the "former Gellerhaus located in front of the castle " is offered on Krämerstrasse .
  4. ↑ H. Ferber's book “Historical Hike from 1889” contains, as supplement I., a list of the many destroyed and badly damaged houses. Among many other both be participatory as Schoeller House cited.
  5. ↑ H. Ferber in his book “Historische Wanderfahrt von 1889, Teil I, p 64”: “It could not originally be planned that way ... and in fact was ... 1632 ... the corner house no. 8 on the western side of “ Krämerstrasse”.
  6. ↑ That H. Ferber different house numbers for this home led, is expected to the new situation in front of the Old City due to be
  7. ↑ The house sketch shown by Paul Sültenfuß should represent this Hochstede house. H. Ferber states in his book that there was a garden behind the house.

Web links

Commons : Krämerstraße  - Collection of images, videos and audio files