Bolkerstrasse
| Bolkerstrasse | |
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| Bolkerstrasse on a Saturday morning | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Dusseldorf |
| District | Old town |
| Created | 1384 |
| Connecting roads | Heinrich-Heine-Allee , market square |
| Cross streets | Neustraße, Hunsrückstraße, Mertensgasse, Kapuzinergasse, Schneider-Wibbel-Gasse, |
| Buildings | Neander Church , Heine House |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , public transport |
| Road design | Pedestrian zone |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 300 m |
The Bolkerstraße in Düsseldorf's Old Town is one of the oldest streets in the city and is now considered the heart of the "longest bar in the world". At around 300 meters there are over 50 restaurants, pubs and bars, many of which have their terraces facing the street all year round. The street, which has been transformed into a pedestrian zone, connects the town hall with one of the most important public transport stops, the Heinrich-Heine-Allee subway station , as well as an extension with the Königsallee , Schadowstraße and Jan-Wellem-Platz shopping streets .
history
The street was laid out as part of the first city expansion in 1384 and first mentioned by name in 1417. In a document from 1435 the name Bolchgerstraße is given. Whether the street was named after a Düsseldorf family Bolke or Bolliger or after Bollwerk is a matter of dispute. The available evidence is contradicting itself. The street began at the market square and ended in the Hunsrückstrasse until the 20th century. It was only between 1931 and 1935 that the houses on the east side at the intersection of Hunsrückstrasse were demolished and Bolkerstrasse opened up to what was then Hindenburgwall, today's Heinrich-Heine-Allee , and thus extended. The current eastern end of Bolkerstraße was the former small communication street , which disappeared after the breakthrough.
Bolkerstrasse used to be one of the most important shopping streets and business areas in the city. In 1874, for example, 40 merchants and almost 200 craftsmen settled here. The first large department store in the city was built by the Jewish merchant family Hartoch in 1896 in place of houses 19 and 21. The building was expanded in 1905 and converted into the first department store with a shopping arcade in Düsseldorf. The passage led from Bolker Strasse to Flinger Strasse . After the Second World War, Schneider-Wibbel-Gasse was rebuilt on the site of the destroyed department store .
In addition to the department store, numerous other houses on Bolkerstrasse were also destroyed during the war. These were largely rebuilt including the retail stores. From the 1960s onwards, however, more and more gastronomic businesses settled in, which increased the rent level due to higher profitability and ultimately largely displaced retail.
Special buildings
Of the more than 60 historical buildings on this old street, many house names and names of many owners have been handed down over the centuries. The following provides more detailed information on just a few houses that are currently of particular importance and that are known far beyond the old town and Düsseldorf.
Houses No. 43, 45 and 47
These three former detached houses were merged to form the key building for the inn and brewery . Further details on this well-known bourgeois restaurant and inn brewery and the Gatzweiler Alt beer are listed under Brewery to the key . The following information only shows the development up to the acquisition by Karl Gatzweiler in 1936.
Three owners between 1647 and 1697 are already known of house no. 43, called “In the black horse” . In 1772 the wine merchant von Geldern was the owner and also ran an inn. Matthias Schwarz ran a hardware store until the second half of the 19th century . After another change of ownership around 1880, the house was also acquired by the owners of Zum Schlüssel after 1936 in the 20th century .
From building no. 45 with the name "To the three kings" , or also "To the three queens" , several owners by name have also been handed down from 1632 onwards. The first indication that an inn was operated in the house under the name of Neunzig comes from 1804. In 1850 Jakob Schwenger acquired houses 45 and 47. He ran both a bakery and an inn brewery and is thus the founder of what is still today's brewery . His successor was the brewer Josef Aders , who also changed the name to "Zum Schlüssel" . It followed as the owner of the brewer Peter Johann Stammen in the 1880s. In 1936 Karl Gatzweiler bought the two houses with the brewery. He was the first owner from this still current owner family.
The names of various owners of house number 47 have also been passed down from the middle of the 16th century. In 1649 this was the court butcher Peter Steinäcker , who was probably named after the house name "Zum Roten Ochsen" . There is evidence that this name was used for the house from at least 1702. The first verifiable brewer was Jakob Schwenger from 1850, who was already mentioned at house number 45.
Houses No. 44 and 46
The two former houses are currently the well-known bourgeois inn "Zum golden Kessel" . Originally, the houses were separated until the middle of the 20th century and before that the proper name only referred to house no. 44. Its owner in 1738 was the dealer Sauthers . This was followed by "Wittib Backhoven" , which in 1774 had a teaching school for reading, writing, German and French as well as manual labor. From 1800 the locksmith Odendahl followed by the restaurateur Heinrich Hoff were the owners. The latter opened a restaurant in the middle of the 19th century. The restaurateurs Esser , Bertram , Göres and Mentzen followed . At first the restaurant was not an inn brewery, but was later expanded for this purpose. In 1902 Ferdinand Schumacher II from the Schumacher family of brewers bought the inn brewery from his uncle Carl Mentzen . He also bought house number 46 and converted both buildings and modernized the brewery. In No. 46 he opened the small "Kesselstübchen" . In 1925, after the completion of a new brewery on Oststrasse , the inn brewery was converted into a brewery bar and leased to Josef Schnitzler .
House no. 46 was owned by Captain Daniels in 1699 , followed by Privy Councilor Holzweiler in 1738 . In 1799 the pharmacy " Zum Elephant " was opened under JW van Zütphen . This pharmacy existed until the end of the 19th century with two changes of ownership. The last owner, Dr. phil. Eduard Bausch , moved it to Communicationsstrasse 8 (today Bolkerstrasse 56) in 1877 .
During the Second World War, both buildings were destroyed in an air raid on September 10, 1942. In 1948, after a provisional restoration, the Gasthof Zum golden Kessel was reopened, followed by a joint new construction of the two buildings in 1958. More details on the history after the war under the Schumacher Brewery .
House number 53
In the back of the so-called Heine House No. 53, Heinrich Heine was born on December 13, 1797 , the most important son of the city of Düsseldorf. The birth house itself burned down in 1942, and the remains were demolished in the 1960s. Today there is a bookshop in the front building. In memory of the poet, there is a bust of Heine, the base of which is made of stones from the broken house where he was born. Ferdinand Schumacher set up the first Düsseldorf memorial to Heinrich Heine as early as 1913 in his little boiler room . Herbert Eulenberg gave a speech to unveil the Heine bust displayed here .
Neander Church
Almost across from house number 53 is Düsseldorf's first reformed church , which was consecrated in 1684 and named after the song writer Joachim Neander . According to the laws in force at the time, Protestant houses of worship had to be built in backyards. The Neanderkirche survived the destruction of the Second World War almost unscathed, while the front houses were largely bombed, torn down and never rebuilt. As a result, the recessed church is now freely visible from Bolkerstraße. The churchyard is used as a beer garden on Fridays and Saturdays by the house brewery “ Zum Schlüssel ” opposite .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Harald Frater u. a .: The Düsseldorf Atlas, Emons, Cologne, 2004, ISBN 3-89705-355-1 , p. 119
- ↑ Hugo Weidenhaupt: Small history of the city of Düsseldorf, Triltsch, Düsseldorf, 9th edition 1983, ISBN 3-7998-0000-X , p. 63
- ↑ a b H. Ferber; In: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf , published by the Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein; Verlag C. Kraus, 1889, Part I, p. 107.
- ^ Hermann Kleinfeld: Düsseldorfs streets and their designation, Grupello, Düsseldorf, 1st edition 1996, ISBN 3-928234-36-6 , p. 78
- ^ Hermann Kleinfeld: Düsseldorfs streets and their designation, Grupello, Düsseldorf, 1st edition 1996, ISBN 3-928234-36-6 , p. 78
- ↑ a b Alfons Houben, in: 'Düsseldorf' How it was then - how it is today , WI-Verlag, 1983, p. 82.
- ↑ Harald Frater u. a .: The Düsseldorf Atlas, Emons, Cologne, 2004, ISBN 3-89705-355-1 , p. 119
- ↑ H. Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Published by the Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein; Verlag C. Kraus, 1889, Part I, p. 118.
- ^ A b H. Ferber: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf. Published by the Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein; Verlag C. Kraus, 1889, Part I, p. 119.
- ↑ Internet portal of the brewery to the key homepage of the brewery , under history .
- ↑ a b H. Ferber, in: Historical walk through the old city of Düsseldorf ; 1889, C. Kraus Verlag, Part I, p. 134.
- ↑ Alfons Houben, in 'Düsseldorf' How it was then - how it is today ; WI-Verlag, 1983, p. 140.
- ↑ a b Alfons Houben, in 'Düsseldorf' How it was then - how it is today ; WI-Verlag, 1983, p. 141.
- ^ Udohaben (editor): Düsseldorf on foot, VSA Verlag, Hamburg, 1989, ISBN 3-87975-485-3 , p. 30f
- ^ Hugo Weidenhaupt: Little History of the City of Düsseldorf, Triltsch, Düsseldorf, 9th edition 1983, ISBN 3-7998-0000-X , p. 172
- ↑ RP-Online from August 11, 2006 "A beer in front of the house of God", queried on December 25, 2007
Remarks
- ↑ According to another source called "Elephant Pharmacy" .
- ↑ Gustav Karpeles gives in his book “Heinrich Heine. From his life and from his time. ”Indicates that the house at Bolkerstraße 53 from 1797 at the end of the 19th century was replaced by a new building a long time ago. The house, which burned down in 1942, was not built until the beginning of the 19th century. Proof: Gustav Karpeler S. (42-45) 26-29.
Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 34 " N , 6 ° 46 ′ 29" E