Ivan Horbaczewski

Ivan Horbaczewski in the 1930s

Ivan Horbaczewski , Ukrainian Іван Якович Горбачевський Ivan Jakowytsch Horbatschewskyj , also in January Horbaczewski or Johann Horbaczewski (* 5. May 1854 in Zarubice [Zarubińce] at Zbraz , Circle Tarnopol , Galicia , Austria-Hungary ; † 24. May 1942 in Prague , Bohemia Bohemia and Moravia , German Empire ) was a Ukrainian chemist ( organic chemistry and biochemistry ) and in 1918 Austria's first health minister .

Life

Memorial plaque in Vienna

He was born as the son of the Greek Catholic pastor Jan Horbaczewski in today's Sbarasch Rajon of the Ukrainian Oblast Ternopil , who belonged to the Ruthenian (= Ukrainian) nationality of Old Austria . He attended the Polish-language grammar school in Tarnopol (today Ukraine ; Ruthenian grammar schools did not exist) and studied medicine at the University of Vienna from 1872 to 1878 . During his studies and afterwards he worked at the 1st Chemical Institute, the Physiological Institute and the Institute for Medicinal Chemistry. After his military service as a one-year volunteer , which he did in 1880 and finished as a lieutenant in the reserve, he was appointed associate professor in 1883 by Emperor Franz Joseph I and in 1884 full professor at the German Karl Ferdinand University , founded in Prague in 1882 . In 1885 he was the first to succeed in synthetically producing creatinine in vitro . In 1902 he was given the title of Hofrat . 1902/1903 he was rector of his university. He was friends with the physicist Ivan Puluj , who came from the same area and the same milieu in Galicia, and who died in Prague in 1918.

In 1909 he was appointed by the emperor as a member of the manor house of the Austrian Imperial Council for life. By 30 August 1917, he was, for the time being as a minister without portfolio of Emperor Charles I to the Ministry Seidler , by Ernst von Seidler led kk government Cisleithaniens appointed. His office, in which he prepared the public health ministry, was at 1., Salztorgasse 1, or 1., Judenplatz 11 (formerly the Bohemian court chancellery , at that time the seat of the Imperial and Royal Ministry of the Interior, which ran a health section).

On November 24, 1917, at the suggestion of the Seidler government, the Kaiser approved the establishment of the Ministry of Public Health by handwriting . In a short law sanctioned by the Kaiser on July 27, 1918, the Reichsrat granted the authorization to shift competencies for this purpose. In the Hussarek Ministry , which had been in office since July 25, 1918 , to which Horbaczewski belonged for the first few days without a portfolio, he was appointed by the Kaiser as Minister of Public Health on July 30, 1918. This made him the first ever health minister in Europe. His tenure was overshadowed by the Spanish flu pandemic, which he was responsible for fighting. On August 10th, the new ministry in Vienna 1. , Gluckgasse 1, started operations. It was the first such ministry in all of Europe. Horbaczewski also remained in office in the Lammasch Ministry , the last imperial government appointed on October 27, 1918.

At the end of October 1918 , the Danube Monarchy dissolved . In the state of German Austria , which was constituted on October 30, 1918, the Renner I state government with Ignaz Kaup , previously Head of Section in the Ministry, acted as State Secretary (= Minister) for Public Health. Horbaczewski handed over the German-Austrian business of his ministry to him. Like the entire imperial and royal government, he remained formally in office at the emperor's request until the monarch announced on November 11, 1918 that he had renounced any share in state affairs and resigned the government.

Ivan Horbaczewski retired from the Czechoslovak Republic , which was established on October 28, 1918, as a university professor in the same year. In 1923 he was elected rector of the Ukrainian Free University , founded in Vienna in 1921 and has worked in Prague since autumn 1921 . In 1924 Horbaczewski became a Czechoslovak citizen.

Honor

A memorial plaque with a portrait of Horbaczewski, inscribed in Ukrainian and Czech, is located in a building of the Medical Faculty of Prague University in Kateřinská in New Town .

• Monument to Ivan Horbaczewski (Ternopil)
• National Medical University bears his name (1992)
• There is a Horbaczewski street in Lviv
• The school in his home village Sarubynzi is named after Horbaczewski
• There is an Ivan Horbaczewski Museum in Sarubynzi
• International year of Ivan Horbaczewski proclaimed by UNESCO (2004)
• Postage stamp for the 150th anniversary (edition - 649 thousand pieces, 2004);
• In Kherson , a hospital for infectious diseases is named after Horbaczewski

Fonts (selection)

• Over the vestibular nerve . Vienna 1875.
• Concerning the decomposition products arising from the action of hydrochloric acid from the albuminoids . Vienna 1880.
• Jan Horbaczewski, F. Kaněra: About the influence of glycerine , sugar and fat on the excretion of uric acid in humans . Vienna 1886.

literature

• Horbaczewski, Johann (1854–1942), chemist , Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950.
• RW Soukup, Vienna University of Technology: Career paths of chemists at the University of Vienna between 1890 and 1910 , manuscript, Vienna 2005, p. 17 (PDF; 2.1 MB).
• Lexicon of important chemists by Winfried R. Pötsch (lead); Annelore Fischer; Wolfgang Müller. With the collaboration of Heinz Cassebaum . Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-323-00185-0 , pp. 212-213.

Web links

Commons : Ivan Horbaczewski  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Horbaczewski (Horbačevskyj), Ivan Dr. med. . Short biography on the website of the Austrian Parliament

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Lehmann , 1918 edition, Volume 1, p. 158, or Volume 2, p. 505.
2. ↑ Official daily newspaper Wiener Zeitung , Vienna, No. 272, November 28, 1917, p. 1 f. .
3. ↑ RGBl. No. 277/1918 (= p. 708) .
4. ^ Official daily newspaper Wiener Zeitung , Vienna, No. 174, August 1, 1918, p. 1.
5. ↑ Harald Salfellner: The Spanish flu. A history of the 1918 pandemic. Compared to COVID-19 . 2 (revised) edition. Vitalis, Prague 2020, ISBN 978-3-89919-794-5 , p. 77 .
6. ↑ Horbaczewski (Horbačevskyj), Ivan Dr. med. . Short biography on the website of the Austrian Parliament , accessed on January 24, 2020
7. ^ Praha 2, Nové Město, Kateřinská 1660/32, budova 1. lékařské faculty UK, nad podestou mezi 1. a 2. patrem .
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Мельничук Б. Горбачевський Іван Якович // Тернопільський енциклопедичний словник: у 4 т. / редкол .: Г. Яворський та ін. - Тернопіль: Видавничо-поліграфічний комбінат "Збруч", 2004. - Т. 1: А - Й. - С. 393. - ISBN 966-528-197-6 .

predecessor	Office	successor
-	kk Minister for Public Health (Minister without portfolio Aug. 30, 1917 - July 30, 1918) July 30 - Nov. 11, 1918	Ignaz Kaup (German-Austrian State Secretary for Public Health from October 30, 1918)
?	Rector of the Ukrainian Free University 1923 -?	?