University clinics Salzburg
In terms of teaching and research, the Salzburg University Hospital is affiliated with the Paracelsus Medical Private University (PMU), which was founded in 2003 . You are at two locations in the city of Salzburg :
- the state hospital, also called St. Johanns Spital, is located north of the city center in the Mülln district
- the Christian Doppler Clinic is located about one and a half kilometers to the north-west not far from the border with the Lehen district in Liefering
Both hospitals are owned by the federal state of Salzburg and are managed by SALK (Gemeinnützige Salzburger Landeskliniken Betriebsgesellschaft mbH). The university clinics combine health care, research and teaching in their buildings. With around 5400 employees, they are the largest employer in the region. The number of planned beds is currently 1725, more than two thirds of them at the state hospital . Over 80,000 inpatients are admitted to the two locations each year. The supply area extends far into neighboring Bavaria as well as Styria and Upper Austria and includes over 650,000 inhabitants. More than 300,000 outpatient cases are treated in the clinics every year.
Together with the PMU, research priorities have been set up or are being newly established in individual departments so that new medical findings and treatment methods can also be put into practice in the future.
State hospital / St. Johanns Spital
History of the St. Johanns Hospital
Development of the hospital
Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau had the Müllegger Tor built in 1606 as one of the three entrées into the city aimed at making an impact. In addition, the magnificent facade of the hospital, created in 1704 and connected to it, formed a deliberately impressive ensemble for arriving travelers. The baroque hospital complex with the central Johannsspitalkirche was built by Fischer von Erlach on the foundations of Müllegg Castle. The client was Archbishop Johann Ernst von Thun und Hohenstein , who inaugurated the facility on June 24, 1704. The archbishop financed the hospital building, consisting of a men's wing and a women's wing for around 20 to 30 patients, and the church building with his private funds; In addition, he set up an endowment fund with 10,000 guilders and donated 1,000 guilders annually until the end of his life to pay for the nurses. The hospital was used to accommodate pilgrims, the poor and the sick. The last pilgrim was accepted in 1791. The medical care of the sick was mainly the responsibility of the Prince Archbishop's personal and court medicus. In 1796, at the instigation of Archbishop Hartenkeil's then personal physician, general medicine and surgery were separated. From 1891 to 1899 the first children's hospital and from 1897 to 1899 the “obstetrics and women's department” were built.
History of the hospital
In the first half of the 20th century, the surgeon Ernst von Karajan (1868–1951) worked as senior physician at St. Johanns Spital, who specialized in the treatment of diseases of the thyroid gland ( goiter ). He later became head of the public health system of the Salzburg state government, his sons were Wolfgang and Herbert von Karajan .
Hospital pharmacy
In 1754 a pharmacy was set up by Prince Archbishop Sigismund Graf Schrattenbach , which also sold medicinal herbs and other substances to the general population. That was a great innovation, because up until then almost only aristocrats and monasteries had pharmacies. The income from the “sales to the public”, as it was stated in the foundation letter of July 27, 1753, should support the supply of medicines to the St. Johanns Hospital. For the new pharmacy, the Archbishop personally donated 2,000 guilders at the beginning; But this was only enough to procure the warehouse, while the facility alone cost more than 5,600 guilders. From 1756 until the end of his reign, the prince granted the hospital pharmacy an annual amount of 3,000 guilders.
present
The following departments are located at the Mülln site today :
- University Clinic for Ophthalmology and Optometry
- University Clinic for Urology
- University Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
- University Clinic for Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases
- University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery
- University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics
- University Clinic for Special Gynecology - Breast Center Salzburg
- University Clinic for Orthopedics
- University Clinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine I
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine II
- University Clinic for Internal Medicine III
- University Clinic for Vascular Surgery
- University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery
- University Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radio-Oncology
- University Clinic for Nuclear Medicine and Endocrinology
- University Department of Dermatology
- University Clinic for Lung Diseases
- University Clinic for Surgery
- University Clinic for Trauma Surgery and Sports Traumatology
- University Clinic for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine
- University Clinic for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- University Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine
The Institute for Radiology , the Institute for Medical-Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics and the Pathological Institute are also located in the state hospital. A nursing school, a midwifery school and an academy for the medical-technical-diagnostic service are also attached to the clinic premises. The main building of the PMU with the institutes for anatomy, physiology and the institute for pharmacology is also in the immediate vicinity of the hospital.
Christian Doppler Clinic
history
Foolhouse
The year 1778 can be seen as the year of birth for the “care for the insane” in the province of Salzburg, since a separate insane fund was set up here. However, there are harrowing reports as early as 1801 about the Salzburg “Narrenhaus” set up in the Bruderhof on Linzergasse, the inmates of which had to vegetate in damp “Kodern” (cages). Attempts to improve the situation of the sick have probably been made (e.g. by the insane doctor Franz Valentin Zillner ), but their situation has not improved continuously.
Establishment of the mental hospital
In 1898 the “Salzburg Sanatorium for the Mentally Ill and Nervous” was opened for the 50th anniversary of the reign of Emperor Franz Josef . It was built as a pavilion and was considered the most progressive mental hospital in Austria-Hungary at the time , as it was not a completely closed institution, but at least some of the patients could move freely in the institution's own agriculture.
time of the nationalsocialism
During the National Socialist era , as part of the T4 campaign under director Leo Wolfer and his son Heinrich Wolfer , 262 mentally ill patients were also transported to the Nazi killing center in Hartheim , where they were murdered by gas.
A group of patients during this period were dozens of foreign civilian workers, some of whom were deported from the institution to concentration camps, others possibly fell victim to the "euthanasia" murders.
post war period
After the war, the Linz People's Court investigated “Dr. Heinrich Wolfer and Comrades ”, which was concluded in 1991 without a judgment. The further processing of the events also remained difficult: The planting of an oak tree and the erection of an honor board for the 90th birthday of the former SS doctor Gerhart Harrer in 2007 testified to particular insensitivity . Both have been removed in the meantime. Later, primary physician Hans Erich Diemath spoke out vehemently against the erection of a memorial for the murdered psychiatric patients on the clinic premises, as this would “inevitably lead to uncertainty and a shock to our patients” .
After long arguments, governor Hans Katschthaler unveiled a memorial plaque on the outer wall of the institution church on November 1, 1989 . In addition, a euthanasia memorial (difficult to interpret for laypeople) based on a design by Linz art student Otto Saxinger was erected in the spa gardens near Mirabell Palace and unveiled in 1991 by Vice Mayor Herbert Fartacek.
Against the text originally decided by the Salzburg Cultural Advisory Council, Primar Diemath once again formulated serious reservations. The draft text read:
" In memory of the 262 victims of the euthanasia campaign 1940/41 and for us to think that there is no life unworthy of life before God ... From the protest letter of the nun Anna Bertha Königsegg of 23 August 1940"
Finally, an agreement was reached on the text: In memory of the more than 250 victims of the National Socialist euthanasia campaign in Salzburg in 1941. On the occasion of the unveiling of the euthanasia memorial, the head of the psychiatric department, Rainer Danzinger , found clear words about the victims and the perpetrators during the time of National Socialism.
Institution church in the Christian-Doppler Clinic
Memorial plaque on the institutional church of the Christian-Doppler Clinic
Mirabell Palace euthanasia memorial
Text for the euthanasia memorial at Mirabell Palace
present
Today the following departments are located on the grounds of the Christian Doppler Clinic:
- University Clinic for Geriatrics
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II
- University Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- University Clinic for Neurosurgery
- University Clinic for Neurology, incl. Stroke Unit
In addition, there is the special order for inpatient psychotherapy , the University Institute for Clinical Psychology , the special order for neuroanesthesia , the special order for suicide prevention of the University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy I and the Institute for Forensic Medicine , which works closely with the law faculty of the university in research and teaching Salzburg cooperates on the site. There is also a nursing school for psychiatric health and nursing, as well as nursing assistance on the premises.
literature
- Harald Waitzbauer : From the madhouse to the Christian Doppler Clinic. 100 years of the Salzburg State Neurological Clinic. Salzburg 1998.
- Harald Waitzbauer: In the service of humanity. The tradition of medical teaching and research in Salzburg. Series of publications by the Salzburg State Press Office - special publications No. 166, Salzburg 2000.
Web links
- Salzburg State Clinics
- State hospital
- Christian Doppler Clinic
- State Clinic St. Veit
- Paracelsus Medical Private University
- St. Johanns Hospital . In: Salzburger Nachrichten : Salzburgwiki .
Individual evidence
- ↑ From 1766 one of the four: → Müllegger Tor, Kajetaner Tor, Linzer Tor; 1766 Opening of the Neutor .
- ↑ Walter Reschreiter: Life (un) worth it. "Nazi Euthanasia in the State of Salzburg". Laube social psychiatric activities, Salzburg 2007, p. 108.
- ↑ Markus Rachbauer: Fates of psychiatric foreign civil workers in the Salzburg state hospital. In: Life in Terror. Persecution and resistance (= The City of Salzburg under National Socialism 3) (= Series of publications by the Salzburg City Archives 35). Salzburg 2012, pp. 172-181.
- ↑ Walter Reschreiter 2007, p. 162.
- ^ Brigitte Kepplinger : Memorials for the victims of National Socialist euthanasia in Austria. In: Brigitte Kepplinger, Gerhart Marckhgott , Hartmut Reese (eds.): Hartheim death center. Upper Austrian Provincial Archives , Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-900313-89-0 , pp. 549-599.
- ↑ Stroke Unit (stroke unit). Salzburg University Hospitals, accessed on December 3, 2018 .