Kaplice

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Kaplice
Kaplice coat of arms
Kaplice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihočeský kraj
District : Český Krumlov
Area : 4085 ha
Geographic location : 48 ° 44 '  N , 14 ° 30'  E Coordinates: 48 ° 44 '19 "  N , 14 ° 29' 47"  E
Height: 537  m nm
Residents : 7,164 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 382 41
License plate : C.
traffic
Street: I / 3 : Budweis - Freistadt
Railway connection: Linz Hbf – České Budějovice
structure
Status: city
Districts: 11
administration
Mayor : Pavel Talíř (as of 2018)
Address: Náměstí 70
382 41 Kaplice
Municipality number: 545562
Website : www.mestokaplice.cz
Location of Kaplice in the Český Krumlov district
map
Fountain on the market square of Kaplice, in the background the town hall

Kaplice (German Kaplitz , Latin Caplicium ) is a town with around 7,000 inhabitants in the Czech Republic . It is located in South Bohemia on the left bank of the Maltsch and belongs to the Okres Český Krumlov . The cadastral area is 4087 hectares.

geography

The city is 537 m above sea level. M. in the Kaplitzer Furche (Kaplická brázda), which is surrounded to the west by the Poluška Mountains, east by the Hühnergebirge and south by the Gratzener Bergland , about 52 kilometers north-northeast of Linz .

Neighboring towns are Hubenov (German: Hubene ) and Žďár ( Sohorz ) in the north, Blansko ( plants ) and Hradiště ( Radish ) in the east, Mostky ( Pernlesdorf ), Ješkov ( Jeschkersdorf ) and Skoronice ( Gurenitz ) in the south and Horšov ( Horeschau ), Omlenice ( Umlowitz ), Omlenička ( Klein Umlowitz ), Stradov ( Groß Strodau ) and Blažkov ( Blaschkau ) in the west. The European route 55 runs through Kaplice .

Community structure

The town of Kaplice consists of the districts Blansko (plants) , Dobechov (Dobichau) , Hradiště (Radischen) , Hubenov (Hubene) , Kaplice, Květoňov (Steinbach) , Mostky (Pernlesdorf) , Pořešín (Groß Poreschin) , Pořešinec (Klein Poreschin) , Rozpoutí (Roßboden) and Žďár (Sohorz) . The basic settlement units are Blansko, Dobechov, Hradiště, Hubenov, K Ješkovu, Kaplice-střed, Květoňov, Malšské údolí, Mostky, Na Pohorské, Na Vyhlídce, Pořešín, Pořeskéšin, Pořeskéšinec, Uzpoutí and Žďár. Is also one of Kaplice of living space Rožnov ( Rosenau ). The desert areas Jermaly ( Ermeley ) and Kůzlův Dvůr ( Guserlhof ) are located on the communal corridors .

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Blansko u Kaplice, Hradiště u Kaplice, Kaplice, Mostky, Pořešín and Žďár u Kaplice.

Neighboring communities

Střítež u Kaplice Netřebice , Svatý Jan nad Malší Besednice , Soběnov
Omlenice Neighboring communities Benešov nad Černou
Bujanov Dolní Dvořiště Malonty

history

Kaplitz was first mentioned in 1257 as Capliz as a parish in inheritance under the patronage of the Mühlhausen monastery . The settlement on Kaplitzer or Freistädter Weg, an old salt road from Upper Austria to Bohemia , received market rights in the Middle Ages and, together with Freistadt, was an important transshipment point on this trade and military route, which continued as the Amber Road to the Baltic Sea. Kaplitz was built on the banks of the Maltsch as a settlement with a regular floor plan and had city rights since 1382. It was a media town of the Poreschin rule, which in 1434 passed into the possession of Ulrichs II von Rosenberg from the Witigonen family. In memory of the Rosenberg family, the town of Kaplice has their ancestral coat of arms, the five-petal rose in their town coat of arms.

After the death of the last Rosenberger, Peter Wok von Rosenberg , Johann Georg von Schwanberg acquired Kaplitz. After the battle of the White Mountain during the recatholicization of the country, the Schwanbergs were expropriated and the new owner of the city was Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Comte de Bucquoy . As was the case during the Hussite Wars , Kaplitz was also affected by the looting of army groups that passed through during the Thirty Years' War.

Karl Albert Buquoy , who lived in Flanders as governor of the county of Hainaut and general in Spanish service , wanted to dispute the old privileges of the Kaplitzers when he took office, but the municipality was able to confirm their rights by Emperor Ferdinand III in 1653 . to reach. After the death of Karl Albert in 1663, his widow demanded a barrel for the brewed beer, which she was contractually not entitled to. When the community resisted, they closed the community's brewery so that the citizens could only get their beer from the manorial brewery. Years of litigation brought the community to the brink of ruin. In 1669, impatient citizens forcibly opened their brewery, after which some of them were locked up for four weeks in an old, stinking stable in Castle Nové Hrady (Gratzen). After another complaint with the Lieutenancy, the community brewhouse was repaired. In 1676, the beer dispute was finally settled when the citizens signed a contract with Count Ferdinand, who recognized their previously valid brewing rights .

On October 8, 1718, the place burned down completely.

After the annulment of inheritance in 1848, Kaplitz became the seat of the Kaplitz judicial district and the Kaplitz district . The latter existed as Okres Kaplice until a territorial reform in Czechoslovakia and was dissolved in 1960. In 1869 Kaplitz had 2252 inhabitants. The industrialization that began in the 19th century had little impact on Kaplitz. The railway connection of the Summerauerbahn from Tábor to Linz , built in 1869 , connected to the transport network with a stop two kilometers west of the city of Kaplitz. In the outskirts of the city a productive agriculture dominated.

In 1900 Kaplitz had 2441 inhabitants, of which 2214 (91.4 percent) were German and 209 Czech. After the end of the First World War and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1918, Kaplitz was occupied by the troops of the newly founded Czechoslovakia . On December 3, 1919, there was an unsuccessful protest rally in the city against membership of this new state. On July 9, 1936 Kaplice received full city rights. In 1938 after the annexation of Austria to the German Reich, the Sudeten German Party stepped up its activities for the annexation of the Sudetenland to Germany. In implementation of the Munich Agreement , Kaplitz was annexed to the German Reich in 1938, and the previous Okres Kaplice was incorporated as the Kaplitz district into the Reichsgau Oberdonau , which existed from 1938 to 1945.

After the Second World War , all but a minority of 109 people were expropriated and driven out of the city .

Czechs and Slovaks were settled, but many of them did not stay. The population sank to 1588 by 1947. In 1953 a new middle school was built. After 1960, businesses were settled and the population grew again, and new residential areas were built. The removal of the Iron Curtain opened up new development opportunities for Kaplice, which was previously disadvantaged because of its location in the isolated border zone with Austria.

Demographics

Population development until 1945
year Residents Remarks
1840 1,892 German and Bohemian residents
1849 approx. 2,100 mostly German residents
1869 2,252
1900 2,441 mostly German residents
1930 2,267 including 562 Czechs
1939 2,281

Culture and sights

Parish church
Old brewery

Movie theater

The cinema next to the cultural center has 192 seats, 3D technology and digital cinema.

Buildings

Sports

  • Motocross track (MX Kaplice)

Town twinning

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Kaplice  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Kaplitz in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/545562/Kaplice
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
  3. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/545562/Obec-Kaplice
  4. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/545562/Obec-Kaplice
  5. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/545562/Obec-Kaplice
  6. ↑ Norbert Kapeller: Forgotten Home. Vienna 2015, pp. 96–97
  7. ^ A b Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 9: Budweiser Kreis , Prague 1841, pp. 141–143, item 31.
  8. ↑ Topographic Lexicon of Bohemia . Prague 1852, p. 159.
  9. ^ Meyer's Large Conversational Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 10, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 599.
  10. ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Kaplitz district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).