Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Comte de Bucquoy , also Boucquoi or Buquoy (born January 9, 1571 in Arras ; † July 10, 1621 in Neuhäusel ) was an important imperial general in the 17th century and a field marshal in the Thirty Years' War , who defined the military strategy of the significantly influenced the Habsburg army.
Life
Youth and beginning of the career
He was born around January 9, 1571 in Arras as the son of Maximilian von Longueval, Baron von Vaux and - since 1580 - Count von Buquoy and his wife Margueritha de Lille. Since 1606 he was married to Maria Magdalena de Biglia from Milan († 1654 in Gratzen in South Bohemia). His ancestors were originally French, primitive nobility from the Santerre countryside in Picardy. His father had died as a war colonel under Alexandro Farnese's leadership before Tournai , who had first served under Archduke Albrecht of Austria and later participated as general of the artillery in the campaigns on the Rhine from 1596 to 1598 and 1599.
At the beginning of the 17th century, Karl Bonaventura von Buquoy earned his first military merits in the Spanish army in Flanders in the fight against the French and Dutch. Captured and released in front of Emmerich , defeated by Moritz von Nassau at the Battle of Nieuwpoort in 1600 , he proved his military ability anew in the siege of Ostend and in the capture of 's-Hertogenbosch . In 1602 he was appointed Imperial General Feldzeugmeister, in 1606 he became governor of Hainaut and in 1610 came as envoy to the French court.
In the following years he rose rapidly in the military hierarchy. In 1618, Emperor Matthias appointed him commander-in-chief of his troops and appointed him field marshal .
Thirty Years' War
In the fight against the rebellious gentlemen and the Protestant Union in South Bohemia, he set up his army camp in Dráchov . On June 10, 1619, Bucquoy set an ambush in which a mercenary army advancing to Budweis fell under Mansfeld . In the ensuing battle of Sablat in June 1619 near Wodnian ( Vodňany ) in southern Bohemia, Mansfeld suffered a heavy defeat and Bucquoy was able to maintain the town of Budweis in southern Bohemia with the help of Wallenstein, who was subordinate to him . In the continuation of the fighting at Netolitz ( Netolice ) the mercenaries Buquoys conquered several Bohemian cities and castles. Albrechtsberg Castle on the Große Krems , which belonged to the Protestant von Neidegg , was also devastated.
On hearing of Gábor Bethlen's invasion of Hungary in September 1619, Bucquoy advanced as far as the Danube with 16,000 men and successfully challenged the enemy to cross the river. Bucquoy's troops then horrified Vienna, which was besieged by Bethlen Gábor . At Eggenburg , Bucquoy defeated a Bohemian army under Thurn .
After the evangelical-Lutheran Bohemia and the Hungarians withdrew, he recruited an army of 20,000 men, defended Austria against the newly invaded Bohemia and was able to drive them out. In September 1620 he joined the League Army near Krems and was wounded in the battle near Rakonitz .
On September 8, 1620, his corps united at Krems with the League army under Tilly . This superior force defeated the Protestant army on November 8, 1620 in the Battle of White Mountain . Buquoy could not lead the command of the right wing personally in this battle, but had to participate in the battle from the car due to his injury.
After that conquered Buquoy for Ferdinand II. The castle Karlstein and forced the Moravian Estates to oath of allegiance to the Habsburg emperor. At the beginning of 1621 he asked for his release, but remained in the service when the emperor awarded him the confiscated former Schwanberg lordships of Gratzen , Rosenberg , Sonnberg and others.
In February 1621 Buquoy marched again against Gábor Bethlen, who had invaded Hungary . He first moved into Pressburg after a brief siege and began the siege of Neuhäusel (now Nove Zamky in Slovakia ) in June 1621 . There he was killed on July 10, 1621 while defending against a failure of the besieged and was buried on August 28 in the Rosenberg Church. The command of his troops passed to Rudolf von Tiefenbach .
Karl von Buquoy had never dared a battle when the outcome seemed uncertain and is considered a master of defensive warfare (fatigue strategy).
family
He was married to Magdalene von Biglia from Milan. She was the daughter of Balthasar Biglia (Bia) Count von Sarona and Justine Visconti Countess von Carbonaro. The couple had a son:
- Karl Albert de Longueval , Count of Bu (c) quoy, Baron de Vau (l) x, Grandee of Spain, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, royal Spanish governor of the county of Hainaut , * 1607, † Mons March 23, 1663; he was married to Marie-Guillemette de Croy, Comtesse de Solre , and had eight children, one of whom
- Landelin fell as imperial colonel in 1691 in the battle of Szlankamen against the Turks,
- Karl Philipp Prince de Longueval ( elevated to the rank of prince by the King of Spain in 1688) Baron de Vaux et de Rosenberg, on Gratzen and Rosenberg in South Bohemia, * 1636, † December 1, 1690 in Vienna, first marriage in 1670 was married to Maria Margarethe de Hornes, canon at Mons, second marriage to Marie de Beausignies. He had two daughters and two sons from his first marriage, who died without children. He signed an inheritance contract with his nephews, the sons of Albert Karl Graf von Buquoy, with the establishment of the succession of the majorate in the Gratzen and Rosenberg entails.
- Albert Karl, imperial court and war councilor who propagated the male line of the sex.
reception
Through the imperial resolution of Franz Joseph I on February 28, 1863, Buquoy was added to the list of the "most famous warlords and generals of Austria worthy of perpetual emulation" , in whose honor and memory there was also a life-size statue in the general hall of the then newly erected kk Hofwaffenmuseums (today: Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Wien ) was built. The statue was created in 1873 from Carrara marble by the sculptor Carl Kundmann and was dedicated by Count Georg von Bucquoy.
literature
- Jörg-Peter Findeisen: The Thirty Years War . Graz 1998, p. 168-172 .
- Carl von Landmann : Bucquoi, Karl Graf von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 497-500.
- Golo Mann : Wallenstein - His life, 2nd edition 1971 S. Fischer Verlag Frankfurt am Main. Graf Buquoy, page 163 ff., 167, 176, 186, 201, 204, 235, 423 f. ISBN 3-10-047903-3
- Procházka novel : Genealogical paperback of extinct Bohemian gentry families. Supplementary volume, edited by the board of the Collegium Carolinum (Institute) , Research Center for the Bohemian Lands in Munich, 1990 R. Oldenbourg Verlag Munich, pages 85 to 87, ISBN 3-486-54051-3
- Friedrich Hermann Schubert: Bucquoi, Karl Bonaventura Count of. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 712 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Hans Sturmberger: Uprising in Bohemia. The beginning of the Thirty Years War , Munich 1959.
- Arnold Baron von Weyhe-Eimke: Karl Bonaventura Count von Buquoy . Vienna 1876 ( with a detailed description of the battle ).
- Buquoi (de Longueval) Barone de Vaux , in: The coat of arms of the Bohemian nobility . Siebmacher's Wappenbuch, Volume IV, Section 9. Nuremberg 1886, S: 109 f. and heraldic panel 59; Reprint: Neustadt an der Aisch 1979 (= J. Siebmacher's large book of arms; Vol. 30)
Web links
- Publications by and about Charles Bonaventure de Longueval in VD 17 .
- Illustration from 1627: Bonaventura Comes a Buquoy ... ( digitized version )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck : The Army History Museum Vienna. The museum and its representative rooms . Kiesel Verlag, Salzburg 1981, ISBN 3-7023-0113-5 , p. 31
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Longueval, Charles Bonaventure de |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Bucquoy, Charles Bonaventure de Longueval Comte de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French general |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 9, 1571 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Arras |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 10, 1621 |
| Place of death | Neuhäusel |