Karl von Landmann

Karl Johann Casimir von Landmann , since 1891 Knight von Landmann , from 1913 von Landmann (born August 23, 1846 in Großweingarten , † July 21, 1925 in Munich ) was a Bavarian artillery general , military writer and deputy chairman of the Central Committee during the First World War of the Bavarian State Association of the Red Cross .

Life

origin

He was the son of the district forester Anton Landmann (born April 19, 1810) and his wife Maxililiane, nee Schmaus. His father was the son of the Bavarian court counselor and princely Wallerstein country vogts Philipp Kasimir Landmann.

Military career

At the age of twelve, Landmann joined the cadet corps in Munich, which he finished in 1864 as the best of his year. He was then employed on August 24, 1864 as a Junker in the 1st Field Artillery Regiment of the Bavarian Army . Landmann first completed the artillery and genius school . With the mobilization on the occasion of the war against Prussia , the school was closed on May 11, 1866 and Landmann was assigned to a battery under Captain Gustav Ehrlich. With the formation he came to the Lower Franconian theater of war, but without getting involved in combat operations. In addition, Landmann had been promoted to lieutenant on May 20, 1866 . Five months after the end of the war, he resumed his training and successfully completed it. Within his regiment, Landmann then came to the 2nd battery under Captain Ludwig Mussinan . In October 1868 he was assigned to the War Academy for three years , and on February 27, 1870 he was promoted to lieutenant . Landmann also had to interrupt this training due to the war. In the autumn of 1870 he took part in the enclosure and siege of Paris with the 2nd foot artillery battery "Linprun" during the war against France . For his achievements, Landmann was awarded the Iron Cross II. Class and the Knight's Cross II. Class of the Order of Military Merit with Swords.

After the end of the war, Landmann remained with the occupying army in France until autumn 1871. Then he returned to the War Academy and completed his studies the following year with a qualification for the General Staff. This was followed by his command to the heavy battery "Schleich", where he led the training of the one-year volunteers as a battery and instruction officer . At the beginning of 1873 he was assigned to the General Staff. In the summer of the same year he undertook a military science trip to Russia and visited the training camps of the Russian army near Moscow , Warsaw and Kazan . Landmann summarized his knowledge and observations in a memorandum . This was later made available to the Prussian War Ministry , where it also received a lot of attention.

In 1876, Landmann was assigned to the War Ministry . At the same time he taught tactics at the War Academy until 1879 . On April 2, 1877, he was promoted to captain . In addition, Landmann was appointed adjutant to Minister of War Joseph Maximilian von Maillinger . With release from both positions in April 1879 he was transferred to the staff of the 1st Army Corps under General of the Infantry Ludwig von der Tann-Rathsamhausen as Second General Staff Officer . However, Landmann only stayed in this position for a short time. He was sent to Switzerland for four weeks to carry out a reconnaissance of the Jura region between the Doubs and Aare . This was followed by his assignment to the Great General Staff in Berlin. In the course of this command, Landmann took part in the autumn exercises and the last General Staff trip under General Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke to Schleswig-Holstein . Another training trip took him to Austria, Italy and Switzerland for four weeks in 1882.

On December 11, 1882, Landmann returned with his transfer to the 3rd field artillery regiment "Queen Mother" and the appointment as battery chief in the troop service. It was followed on 13 November 1885 he was transferred as a staff officer in the staff of the 2nd Division of Augsburg , where he remained for the next two years, and on 24 November 1885 Major had been promoted. In the same function, Landmann then joined the I. Army Corps, which in the meantime was in command of Leopold of Bavaria . As a lieutenant colonel at the central office of the General Staff on October 19, 1889, Landmann was appointed head of the Department for Personal Affairs in the War Ministry on April 14, 1890 under position à la suite of the General Staff and at the same time appointed commissioner for the sessions of the Diet .

For his achievements, Prince Regent Luitpold awarded him the Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown in January 1891 . Associated with this was the elevation to the personal nobility status and he was allowed to call himself “Ritter von Landmann” after his entry in the nobility register .

On March 15, 1891, Landmann was reassigned to the General Staff as head of department and promoted to colonel on November 30, 1891 . In the following year he was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the II Army Corps , and from September 11, 1894 to June 19, 1896, Landmann was in command of the 5th Field Artillery Regiment . He was then promoted to major general and appointed director of the War Academy on September 8, 1896. At the same time he was entrusted with the management of the director of the artillery and engineering school. During his service at the War Academy, Landmann introduced an approx. 20-minute examination before the study committee in 1897, which every applicant had to pass before being admitted. From January 24, 1899 to March 6, 1900 he commanded the 2nd Field Artillery Brigade in Würzburg and was then promoted to Lieutenant General Governor of the Ingolstadt Fortress . Landmann brought the armament and alarm plans up to date and paid particular attention to the artillery equipment and equipment of the fortress and its forts.

At his own request, Landmann was put up for disposal on June 11, 1903, and was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Military Merit with the statutory pension .

King Ludwig III. Landmann raised to hereditary nobility on December 22, 1913.

Landmann was reused during the First World War . Briefly reappointed as governor of the Ingolstadt Fortress, he worked in voluntary nursing. On June 25, 1917 he received the character of General of the Artillery.

Military writer

Landmann had already started to write military history during his active service. From his study trip to Belgium in the early autumn of 1896 to visit the battlefields of the Dutch War of 1692/97, Wilhelm III's two works on war history resulted . of England and Elector Max Emanuel of Bavaria in the Dutch War 1692–1697 and warfare of Elector Max Emanuel of Bavaria 1703–1704 .

family

Landmann married Luise Freiin Haller von Hallerstein (born April 19, 1857 in Lemberg ) on October 22, 1877 . She was the daughter of the kk chamberlain and field marshal lieutenant Johann Georg Haller von Hallerstein and his wife Elisabeth Freiin Henninger von Eberg. The marriage had four children:

• Julius Ludwig Robert (born July 25, 1878)
• Klara Maximiliane Sophie (born July 19, 1882)
• Bertha (born April 8, 1894)
• Rudolf Karl Anton (born April 9, 1898)

Fonts

• Prinz Eugen. The establishment of the great power position of Austria-Hungary. Munich 1905.
• The German uprising in 1813. Mainz 1907.
• Napoleon the first. The completion of the revolution. Mainz 1910.
• Louis XIV and his time. Mainz 1911.
• Moltke. The art of war in solving the German question. Mainz 1912
• The German uprising in 1813. Regensburg 1913.
• Germany in the world war. Regensburg 1919.

literature

• Othmar Hackl : The Bavarian War Academy (1867-1914). CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. Munich 1989. ISBN 3-406-10490-8 . Pp. 506-507.
• Wilhelm Lux: Karl Ritter von Landmann (1846–1925). Bavarian general and military writer. In: From Spalter Heimat. Heimatverein Spalter Land eV Heimatkundliche Hefte. 21st episode. 1982.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Othmar Hackl: The Bavarian War Academy (1867-1914). CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. Munich 1989. ISBN 3-406-10490-8 . P. 507.
2. ^ Military weekly paper . No. 11 of February 4, 1891. p. 290.
3. ^ Military weekly paper. No. 8 of July 19, 1917. p. 203.