Character (title)
Character was the designation of unpaid honorary degrees . In Prussia and the German Empire , freelancers and civil servants could be honored - characterized - with "characters". While still in the Wehrmacht , colonels and generals were retired, some with the next higher rank.
At the military
"... the characterization was primarily intended as an honor for deserving officers on their departure, but could also be used for officers who were held in positions with lower requirements in active service, without being eligible for promotion ... Legally, the characterization was not a promotion; the officer in question was merely given the title and uniform of the higher rank, while the salary or pension remained unchanged. In the seniority list, characterized officers ranked behind the patented officers of the relevant rank. "
“The term characterization comes from administrative law and was also used for civil servants, but in the empire with a downward trend. 'Character' became more of a military term, 'title' a civil term, in contrast to the Austrian usage, where (at least until 1938) the 'title' corresponded to the German 'characterization'. "
Prussia
“Where a promotion was no longer an option, the monarch rewarded his servant with the title of (characterized) privy councilor. An order's blessing also poured out continuously on the older civil servants as a visible sign of reward for faithful service. In addition, gray lawyers and doctors were given the status of judicial councilor or medical councilor. The professor character was generally available to any senior teacher if he had a number of years of service, while the medical doctor only became professor in special cases without giving lectures. "
The "German Kaiser" was still regarded by Wilhelm I as a major character because, like the elected president of a republic, he was supposed to be primus inter pares and not a member of a higher class .
Examples
- Medical Council - resident doctors
- Go Medical Council - Clinician
- Chancellery - middle officials, e.g. B. Secretaries
- Professors - senior teachers, high school teachers
- Go Government Council - Administrative Officials
- Privy councilor with the rank of councilors 3rd class
- Really Go Upper government council with the rank of councilors 1st class
- Go Council of war
- Go Building council - assisted engineers and architects
- Captain of the Landwehr - frequent tribute to academic combatants (1870/71)
abolition
In the Weimar Republic there were neither privy councilors nor judicial or medical councils in the liberal professions. In the classroom administration, senior teachers became class councilors . The professor character was also no longer given in the old way.
See also
- Professor (honorary title in Baden-Württemberg)
- Professional title
- Secret advice
- Secret Medical Council
- Commerce Council
- Admiralty Council
- Excellence (title)
- Brevet rank
Individual evidence
- ↑ character . Johann Christoph Adelung : Grammatical-critical dictionary of the High German dialect . 1793, zeno.org
- ↑ a b c Siegfried Schindelmeiser: The Albertina and its students 1544 to WS 1850/51 and the history of the Corps Baltia II zu Königsberg i. Pr. (1970-1985). For the first time complete, illustrated and commented new edition in two volumes with an appendix, two registers and a foreword by Franz-Friedrich Prinz von Preussen, edited by Rüdiger Döhler and Georg von Klitzing, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-028704-6 ; P. 116
- ↑ z. B. Eugen Hahn
- ↑ z. B. Ottomar Cludius , John Koch , Albert Zweck
- ↑ z. B. Karl von Gamp-Massaunen
- ↑ z. B. Johann Georg Scheffner
- ↑ z. B. Friedrich Krause