Large vineyard

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Large vineyard
City gap
Coordinates: 49 ° 9 ′ 53 "  N , 10 ° 56 ′ 15"  E
Height : 477  (435-488)  m above sea level NHN
Residents : 746  (Aug 1, 2015)
Incorporation : January 1, 1972
Postal code : 91174
Area code : 09175
The Church of St. Michael
The Church of St. Michael

Großweingarten is a district of the town of Spalt in the Middle Franconian district of Roth .

Aerial photo from 2016
Town view from the west
Typical sandstone house

geography

Geographical location

The parish village is located in the Franconian Lake District , one kilometer south of Spalt on the Michelsberg ( 450  m above sea level ) , an elevation of the Spalter hill country . To the south and south-west the ridge drops to the Großer Brombachsee , from which the village is 2 km as the crow flies and 4 km by road. In the north-west is the Birkle forest area, in the south-west the Sollach corridor, in the south Lippe and in the south-east Oberlohe.

climate

Due to the exposed location on the ridge, the maximum daily temperature is up to five degrees lower than in Nuremberg and one to two degrees lower than in Spalt. In addition, stronger winds (high altitude) are to be expected, and the risk of thunderstorms is also somewhat higher due to the lake.

history

Large wine garden was probably laid out as a street village in the 9th century by the Spalter monastery of St. Salvator . The place was first mentioned in a document in 1294 as "Wingarten", when the Eichstatter Bishop Reinboto von Meilenhart with the Regensburg Bishop Heinrich II. Von Rotteneck a . a. this village traded. The Burgraviate of Nuremberg had previously received these places from the Bishop of Regensburg as a fief. Viticulture has been practiced on the southern slopes of the ridge since the 9th century . At the beginning of the modern era , however, it lost importance in favor of hop growing . This resulted in a certain degree of prosperity in the mid-19th century. Many of the large sandstone houses that characterize the town today come from this time .

In the Salbuch for the Hochstift Eichstätt from 1407, the Wernfels-Spalt maintenance office, with 33 households, was under almost all of the large wine garden. In the Salbuch of the Spalter Canon Monastery of St. Nicholas from 1460, 1549 and 1619 one property is listed for each large wine garden. In 1529, 14 subject families were subordinate to the Hauptmannschaft Enderndorf of the imperial city of Nuremberg .

According to the Salbuch of the Wernfels-Spalt care office in Eichstätt from 1671, 40 properties in Großweingarten were subordinate to the Spalt caste office , 4 properties to the St. Emmeram and St. Nikolaus colleges, 1 property to the Palatinate-Bavarian Hilpoltstein caste office , 1 property to the Ellingen Trisoleiamt of the Teutonic Order . The Nuremberg properties are not listed in the Salbuch .

At the end of the 18th century there were 59 properties in Großweingarten. The high court was exercised by the Wernfels-Spalt administration office in Eichstatt . The caste office Spalt held the village and community rulership. The landlords were the Kastenamt Spalt (50 properties: 6 half yards , 4 quarter yards , 8 Köbler estates , 1 estate with cones, 27 estates, 1 estate with forge, 3 empty houses ), the collegiate monasteries St. Emmeram and St. Nikolaus (3 half yards, 2 estates ), the Palatinate-Bavarian caste office Hilpoltstein (2 Gütlein), the Trisoleiamt Ellingen of the Teutonic Order (1 Gütlein) and the St. Klara Monastery Office (1 half courtyard). In addition to the property, there was also the branch church, stately buildings (forester's house) and communal buildings (school, shepherd's house, cowherd's house, ox herding house).

In 1802 the Wernfels-Spalt maintenance office - and with it Großweingarten as well - came to the Duchy of Bavaria , in 1803 briefly to the Kingdom of Prussia through the mainland comparison , and finally to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806 . As part of the municipal edict , the Großweingarten tax district was formed in 1808 , to which, in addition to the main town, Egelmühle , Steinfurt and Wasserzell belonged. In 1811, Hagsbronn from the tax district of Fünfbronn and Hügelmühle from the tax district of Mosbach were added. In the same year the rural community Großweingarten was formed, which was congruent with the tax district. In administration and jurisdiction, it was subordinate to the Pleinfeld Regional Court ( renamed the Roth Regional Court in 1858 ) and to the Spalt Rent Office (1920–1932 Tax Office Spalt , from 1932 Tax Office Schwabach ). Straßenhaus is first mentioned in 1861 and Kaltenbrunn in 1871. From 1862 Großweingarten was administered by the Schwabach district office (renamed the Schwabach district in 1938 ). The jurisdiction remained until 1879 the District Court Roth, 1880 at the District Court Roth . The municipality had an area of ​​11.025 km².

As part of the regional reform in Bavaria , the community of Großweingarten was incorporated into Spalt on January 1, 1972.

In 1994 Großweingarten celebrated its 700th anniversary.

Historical description

In the geographic statistical-topographical lexicon of Franconia (1800) the location for this lexicon is described in exceptional detail:

"Großweingarten, Eichstättisches, belonging to the Wernfels Spalt care and caste office, and after Spalt, of which a chaplain has to perform the service every Sunday in this village, a parish branch church village of 58 subjects, of which 1 are Palatinate, 1 Ellingisch and 56 Eichstättisch 6 of the latter to the princely tax office of the collegiate in Spalt, but the others belong to the caste office there. There is also a princely forester's house there, and the Weingarter Forst takes its name from this village as the forester's residence.
In order to distinguish this place from a hamlet of the same name in the maintenance and box office Sandsee Pleinfeld, this large and this small wine garden is called, or often the village of Weingarten, while the hamlet is Weingärtel.
[Sp. 413] The village is located on the top of the mountain facing the town of Spalt to the southeast (but it takes a little hour to get up) and is so beautiful that once a lot of wine was grown there and the place got its name from it But now the hop-growing takes its place, and these hops are valued equally for the Spalter city estate because of the close and identical location.
In 1294, Bishop Heinrich von Regensburg and the town of Spalt exchanged Weingarten, which both places Conrad Burgrave of Nuremberg the younger of the diocese of Regensburg carried as a fief, the Eichstättischen Bishop Reimbolt, a noble from Mühlenhart, for Fünfstetten, which place Count Gebhard von Hirschberg from Eichstätt to fiefdom, because Fünfstetten was better situated for the Regensburg bishop because of the proximity of Wemding, Spalt and Weingarten etc. but the one at Eichstätt. So the village Weingarten came to Eichstätt, and in the year 1402 knight Stephan von und zu Absperg also sold all his annual gate money in Weingarten, which is a certain annual fee of the subjects, to the diocese of Eichstätt.
In the year 1627 Eichstätt exchanged from D. Georg Schell Brandenburgischen Rath zu Onolzbach, for half the big and small tithe at Mebenberg, who was a man from Eichstätt and was liable to the property of his subjects, the tithe at Weingarten. "

Architectural monuments

Population development

Former community of Großweingarten

year 1818 1840 1852 1855 1861 1867 1871 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1919 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950 1952 1961 1970
Residents 587 696 753 773 766 768 772 798 898 914 868 833 769 781 762 733 768 744 771 999 985 932 948 945
Houses 90 113 137 152 153 146 160 187
source

Location Großweingarten

year 001818 001840 001861 001871 001885 001900 001925 001950 001961 001970 001987 002015
Residents 416 492 589 559 659 557 553 694 665 663 718 746
Houses 64 85 113 114 107 115 136 182
source

religion

Even after the Reformation, the place remained predominantly Roman Catholic. The Roman Catholic residents are parish to St. Michael (Großweingarten) , the residents of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination to St. Michael (Fünfbronn) .

Economy and Infrastructure

Cherry cultivation

A particular specialty of the agriculturally structured village is the annual cherry harvest . Due to the particularly high population of cherry trees, Großweingarten is also known as the "cherry village". During the harvest season from late June to late July, there are stalls in the farms where you can buy cherries or cherries fresh from the field.

traffic

The district road RH 16 / WUG 18 leads to Stirn (3.7 km southeast) or to the state road 2223 at Straßenhaus (1.4 km northeast), the district road RH 18 leads to Hagsbronn (2.4 km west). A community road runs after Spalt to the district road RH 13 (1.1 km northwest).

From 1924 until the end of operations on September 28, 1969, Großweingarten had a stop on the Georgensgmünd – Spalt railway line , popularly known as “Spalter Bockl”.

Awards

From 1982 the population took part in the competition Our village should become more beautiful . Großweingarten was district winner in 1984 and state and federal winner in 1985. Two years later (1987) the place was the first village in Europe to be awarded the Europa Nostra Medal of Merit .

literature

Web links

Commons : Large vineyard  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Population figures on the grossweingarten.de website
  2. ↑ a b Large vineyard in the Bavaria Atlas
  3. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 71.
  4. ↑ a b F. Eigler, p. 96.
  5. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 89f.
  6. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 113f.
  7. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 347.
  8. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 101.
  9. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 392f.
  10. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 473.
  11. ↑ a b c Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 824 ( digitized version ).
  12. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 568 .
  13. ↑ Bundschuh, Col. 412 f.
  14. ↑ a b Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these were referred to as hearths , in 1840 as houses , and from 1871 to 1987 as residential buildings.
  15. ↑ a b Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkreise according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 101 ( digitized version ). For the municipality of Weingarten plus the residents and buildings of Egelmühle (p. 21), Hagsbronn (p. 35), Hügelmühle (p. 44), Steinfurt (p. 89) and Wasserzell (p. 100)
  16. ^ A b Eduard Vetter (Ed.): Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Self-published, Ansbach 1846, p. 216-217 ( digitized version ). According to the historical municipality register , the municipality had 698 inhabitants.
  17. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Historical municipality register: The population of the municipalities of Bavaria from 1840 to 1952 (=  contributions to Statistics Bavaria . Issue 192). Munich 1954, DNB  451478568 , p. 184 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00066439-3 ( digitized ).
  18. ↑ a b Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1089 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digital copy ).
  19. ↑ a b Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1256 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized version ).
  20. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1191 ( digitized version ).
  21. ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1264 ( digitized version ).
  22. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1301 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1124 ( digitized version ).
  24. ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (Hrsg.): Official local directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 180 ( digitized version ).
  25. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 349 ( digitized version ).