Ludwig von der Tann-Rathsamhausen

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Ludwig von der Tann, ca.1860
General von der Tann

Ludwig Samson Heinrich Arthur Freiherr von und zu der Tann , from 1868 Tann-Rathsamhausen (born June 18, 1815 in Darmstadt , † April 26, 1881 in Meran ) was a Bavarian infantry general .

Life

origin

Tann was the son of the Bavarian treasurer Heinrich von der Tann, who died in 1848, and his wife Sophie, née von Rathsamhausen, the last of their Alsatian family. King Ludwig I of Bavaria was his godfather.

The Bavarian name and coat of arms association with the barons of Rathsamhausen to "from and to the Tann-Rathsamhausen" took place for him and his brothers, the Bavarian majors Hugo and Rudolph , on May 21, 1868 in Berg . The same goes for their cousins, the brothers Otto and Arthur. Today the family simply calls itself " von der Tann ".

Military career

Ludwig von der Tann-Rathsamhausen
Sword of honor from Schleswig-Holstein for Major v. the fir

At the age of fourteen, von der Tann joined the Royal Bavarian Pagerie . On August 1, 1833, he began his career as a Junker in the Bavarian Army in the 1st Artillery Regiment , where he was promoted to lieutenant on October 26, 1833 . On January 20, 1840, in the meantime promoted to first lieutenant , he was transferred to the headquarters staff . On October 11, 1844, the appointment of successes to captain first class and adjutant of the Crown Prince Maximilian , with whom he had a close friendship until the death of the later king. 1864 In 1844 he had a duel with a student over a woman. Although duels were already forbidden at that time, this did not harm him in his further career.

Between 1833 and 1844 he was on several military trips to Austrian maneuvers in Italy, the Prussian maneuvers on the Rhine and East Prussia as well as the French campaign in Algeria in 1843.

In 1848 he went to Schleswig - Holstein as a major when the war against Denmark broke out . As the commander of a Freischar corps consisting of volunteers from Hamburg , Magdeburg and Kiel , he was able to turn this unit into an operational unit in a short time. He distinguished himself militarily at Altenhof on April 21, 1848 and Hoptrup . For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Military Max Joseph Order on May 8, 1854 . In 1849, he was Chief of Staff under the command of Prince Edward of Saxe-Altenburg standing division and in July 1850 he resigned as colonel and chief of staff of General Karl Wilhelm von Willisen in the Schleswig-Holstein army one with which he at Idstedt , Missunde and fought in the unsuccessful siege and attempted storming of Friedrichstadt .

After his return to Bavaria he became adjutant of the Bavarian king Maximilian II , on March 31, 1855 major general , on January 1, 1860 adjutant general of the king and on February 25, 1861 lieutenant general and commander general in Augsburg , then in Munich . In 1864 , as adjutant general, he was an observer during the storming of the Düppeler Schanzen .

On May 21, 1866, he was appointed Chief of Staff to Prince Karl of Bavaria , Commander-in-Chief of the southern German contingents. When the German War broke out , he concluded a convention with the Austrian commander-in- chief on joint war operations. He was opposed to the war for various reasons, on the one hand because he knew exactly the strengths and weaknesses of the individual armies, on the other hand because he fundamentally rejected this "fraternal war".

The unsuccessful course of the Bavarian participation in the war in July 1866 was blamed by the ultramontane press, especially von der Tann. He finally defended himself against these attacks by filing a lawsuit against the “ People's Messenger ”.

On April 28, 1867 von der Tann was appointed owner of the 11th Infantry Regiment . He remained in his position as adjutant general to the king and division commander. On January 8, 1869, he was promoted to general of the infantry and appointed commanding general of the 1st Army Corps . At its head he fought during the war against France in 1870 with distinction in the Battle of Wörth , the Beaumont and the Battle of Sedan , in which he led the attack on the town of Bazeilles. For his careful and energetic command management, he received the Commander's Cross of the Military Max Joseph Order. After the battle, his corps stayed with Sedan for the time being to ensure the removal of the prisoners and the extensive spoils of war.

At the beginning of October 1870 he was given the supreme command of an army division that had been formed from his corps , the Prussian 22nd Infantry and the 1st and 4th Cavalry Divisions , with the 1st Cavalry Division operating independently and spatially and not in his battles could intervene. This army division won the battle at Artenay near Orléans on October 10, 1870 and occupied the city, for which von der Tann was awarded the Grand Cross of the Military Max Joseph Order on December 22, 1870. On November 9th, he had to withdraw to the north before the French overwhelming force after the battle of Coulmiers in the Arrondissement of Orléans . Von der Tann fought from December 2nd to 10th under the Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in several bloody skirmishes near Orléans . In the battle of Loigny and Poupry he was wounded in the leg, but was able to hold his position. After his corps had been in action almost without interruption for two months, at the end of December 1870 he returned to the Zernierungsarmee outside Paris . In December alone the loss was 5,600 men.

After the victory against France, he was celebrated as a war hero in his homeland and was highly decorated in both Bavaria and Prussia. He was a knight of the Order of St. John and became Grand Chancellor of the Military Max Joseph Order on August 22, 1876.

From the autumn of 1880 he was plagued by breathing difficulties and rheumatism, so he was supposed to stay in a milder climate. He therefore went to South Tyrol on April 20, 1881 and died on April 26, 1881 in Merano.

Tann was buried in an arcade grave in the Old North Cemetery in Munich.

family

He married Anna von Voss (1829–1905) on May 4, 1852 at Groß-Giewitz . The couple had several children:

  • Luise (1856–1907) ⚭ Hermann von Stülpnagel (1839–1912), Prussian lieutenant general
  • Anna Marie-Elisabeth August Johanne (1858–1944)
⚭ 1879 (divorced in 1887) Friedrich von Kamptz (1843–1912), Prussian lieutenant general
⚭ 1889 Karl Graf Beissel von Gymnich (1859–1912), lieutenant colonel

His grandson Infantry General Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel one of the murdered resistance fighters of July 20, 1944 .

Honors

Awards

Military positions of honor

Naming

augsburg
Dortmund
Erlangen (1900)
Hamburg-Eimsbüttel (1885)
Heidelberg
Ludwigshafen am Rhein
Mühldorf am Inn
Mülheim an der Ruhr
Munich
Neustadt an der Weinstrasse
Nuremberg
Pirmasens
Polling in the Innkreis
regensburg
Starnberg
Waldkraiburg
Wuppertal (1901)

literature

Web links

Commons : Ludwig von der Tann-Rathsamhausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Genealogical handbook of the nobility . Adelslexikon Volume XIV. S. 316. Volume 131 of the complete series, CA Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 2003, ISSN  0435-2408
  2. ^ Government Gazette for the Kingdom of Bavaria. No. 26, Munich, July 6, 1854.
  3. ↑ The Bavarian Army Command and the Chief of the General Staff, Lieutenant General Freiherr vd T., before the jury, etc. Kissingen, 1866.
  4. ↑ Gothaisches Genealogical Handbook of Graef Lichen houses 1874 S. 922nd
personal data
SURNAME Tann-Rathsamhausen, Ludwig von der
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tann, Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der; Tann-Rathsamhausen, Ludwig Freiherr from and to the
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bavarian general of the infantry
DATE OF BIRTH June 18, 1815
PLACE OF BIRTH Darmstadt
DATE OF DEATH April 26, 1881
Place of death Meran