Kájov
| Kájov | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Český Krumlov | ||||
| Area : | 4990 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 48 ° 49 ' N , 14 ° 16' E | ||||
| Height: | 540 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,819 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 382 21 | ||||
| License plate : | C. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Český Krumlov – Boletice | ||||
| Railway connection: | České Budějovice – Černý Kříž , works railway to Větřní | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 10 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Bohumil Šíp (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Kájovská 100 382 21 Kájov |
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| Municipality number: | 545554 | ||||
| Website : | www.kajov.eu | ||||
| Location of Kájov in the Český Krumlov district | |||||
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Kájov (German Gojau ) is a municipality in the Okres Český Krumlov in the Czech Republic . It lies four kilometers west of Český Krumlov and was one of the most important Marian pilgrimage sites in Bohemia .
geography
Kájov is located in the south of the Blanský les (Plasnker Forest) at the confluence of the Kájovský potok (Gojauer Bach) in the valley of the Polečnice (Blätterbach) . The Boletice military training area extends to the west . Neighboring towns are Vyšny in the northeast, Český Krumlov in the east, Větřní in the southeast, Novosedly and Mezipotoči in the south, Kladenské Skláře in the southwest, Boletice (Poletitz) in the west and Křenov and Chvalšiny in the northwest. To the north is the 1084 m high Kleť .
Community structure
The municipality of Kájov consists of the districts Boletice ( Polletitz ), Kájov ( Gojau ), Kladenské Rovné ( Ruben ), Kladné ( Kladen ), Křenov ( Krenau ), Lazec ( Losnitz ), Mezipotočí ( Nespoding ), Novosedly ( Neusiedl ), Přelštosedice Schelsnitz ) and Staré Dobrkovice ( Alt Turkowitz ). Basic settlement units are Jezvinec, Kájov, Kladenské Rovné, Kladné, Křenov, Lazec, Mezipotočí, Novosedly, Nový Křenov, Přelštice and Staré Dobrkovice.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Kladenské Rovné, Kladné, Křenov u Kájova and Novosedly u Kájova.
Neighboring communities
| Chvalšiny | Křemže | Srnín , Přísečná |
| Military Training Area Boletice , Polná na Šumavě |
.svg)
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Český Krumlov |
| Hořice na Šumavě | Bohdalovice | Větřní |
history
Gojau was originally a Bohemian royal estate. In 1263 King Přemysl Ottokar II donated it to the Goldenkron Monastery (Zlatá Koruna) , which he founded in the same year, for its economic equipment. After numerous pilgrims in the nearby village of Ruben (Kladenské Rovné) visited a stone venerated as miraculous, the traces of St. Wolfgang is said to have shown, the construction of the pilgrimage church of St. Mary, which also served as the parish church , took place in Gojau in the second half of the 13th century . The patronage of the church was transferred to the Goldenkron monastery around 1400. Although the church was sacked by the Hussites in the 1420s , the pilgrimage flourished in the second half of the 15th century. The humanistically educated pastor Michael Pils, who had been pastor in Kájov for a total of 43 years from 1461, succeeded in ending what he saw as the superstitious cult of footsteps in his parish and established the church in Gojau as the only pilgrimage destination, despite strong resistance from the population. The Marienkirche received a new altar, and on June 22, 1466, pilgrimages to the stone were officially forbidden, under threat of excommunication from Hilarius von Leitmeritz . The Marienkirche was subsequently rebuilt and expanded in the late Gothic style in 1474–1485. The valuable furnishings include a relief of the death of the Virgin from around 1480 and the Madonna Enthroned on the main altar, which was created before 1502. The parish school, which opened in 1469, received a new school building from 1629 to 1640.
After the Thirty Years' War the importance of pilgrimage increased because of the growing devotion to Mary and the baroque piety. It was also promoted by the Lords of Eggenberg , who at that time owned the Krumau rulership , to which Gojau had belonged since the Hussite Wars . From 1656, the later Goldenkron Abbot Matthäus Aleš Ungar worked as a pastor in Gojau, who made a contribution to the spiritual enhancement of the pilgrimage and the associated church festivals. In addition to pilgrims from the near and far, numerous religious brotherhoods also took part in the pilgrimage. After the dissolution of the Goldenkron monastery in 1785, pastoral care in Gojau was taken over by secular priests and the church patronage was transferred to the then owners of the Krumlov rulership, the Prince Schwarzenberg . As a result of the Josephine reforms in 1793 and 1809, the church had to hand over part of the votive offerings as well as silver and other church objects to the religious fund.
1930 pastoral took in Gojau the Congregation of the Oblates . However, they were expelled along with the German population after the Second World War . The pastoral care was initially taken over by secular priests. During the time of communist rule, there was an extensive decline in pilgrimage. After the political change in 1989 , the church ensemble was restored with financial support from Germany and Austria, and in 1995 it was declared a national cultural monument.
In 1930 Gojau consisted of 131 (77 German-speaking) residents. In 1950 there were 91 and in 1991 394 inhabitants.
As part of the downsizing of the military training areas, Boletice will be added to Kájov as a district in 2015.
Attractions
- The listed pilgrimage area includes the following buildings:
- The large late Gothic pilgrimage church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary ( kostel Nanebevzetí Panny Marie ) was built between 1474 and 1485.
- The small early Gothic church of the Passion of the Virgin Mary (Dormition Chapel , kostelík Smrtí Panny Marie ) dates from the 13th century, Wolfgang altar from 1466.
- Rectory and former hospice
- Baroque St. Nepomuk Chapel from 1699
Personalities
- Karl Brdlik (1874–1948), teacher and local history researcher
literature
- Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 164f.
- Benno Ulm : Ruben's stone. In honor of St. Wolfgang in the 15th century - popular piety and church cult. In: Upper Austrian homeland sheets. Year 50, Linz 1996, Issue 1, pp. 57–73, online (PDF) in the OoeGeschichte.at forum (Gojau from p. 59, Michael Pils p. 60f and p. 68, floor plan of the pilgrimage area p. 63).
Web links
- History of Kájov on jiznicechy.org (German).
- Pilgrimage Church of Kájov . In: Online encyclopedia encyklopedie.ckrumlov.cz about Krummau .
- School in Kájov . In: Online encyclopedia encyklopedie.ckrumlov.cz about Krummau (parish school since 1469).
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/545554/Kajov
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/545554/Obec-Kajov
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/545554/Obec-Kajov
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/545554/Obec-Kajov
- ↑ Ulm 1996, p. 69.
- ↑ Ulm 1996, p. 62; on the veneration of Wolfgang in South Bohemia cf. also the Wolfgang chapel from 1491 in the Minorite monastery Krumau .
- ↑ Ulm 1996, p. 60.
- ↑ Ulm 1996, p. 68.
- ↑ http://zpravy.idnes.cz/v-cesku-vzniknou-ctyri-nove-obce-prvniho-starostu-si-zvoli-i-libava-11v-/domaci.aspx?c=A120213_120805_domaci_jw
- ↑ areál: kostel Nanebevzetí Panny Marie in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).
- ↑ kostel Nanebevzetí Panny Marie ÚSKP 1000142677 in the monument catalog pamatkovykatalog.cz (Czech).