Slavonice

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Slavonice
Coat of arms of Slavonice
Slavonice (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Historical part of the country : Moravia
Region : Jihočeský kraj
District : Jindřichův Hradec
Area : 4581 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 0 ′  N , 15 ° 21 ′  E Coordinates: 48 ° 59 ′ 51 ″  N , 15 ° 21 ′ 5 ″  E
Height: 512  m nm
Residents : 2,386 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code : 378 81
License plate : C.
traffic
Street: Nová Bystřice - Jemnice
Dačice - Waidhofen an der Thaya
Railway connection: Kostelec u Jihlavy – Slavonice
structure
Status: city
Districts: 7th
administration
Mayor : Hynek Blažek (as of 2018)
Address: Horní náměstí 525
378 81 Slavonice
Municipality number: 547166
Website : www.slavonice-mesto.cz

Slavonice (German Zlabings ) is a city in southwest Moravia in the Czech Republic . This area is also called Česká Canada . Slavonice is on the border with Austria at Slavonický potok at about 512 m above sea level. 2701 inhabitants live on 4572 hectares. There is a road connection to the neighboring village of Waldkirchen an der Thaya in Lower Austria.

history

Roofs on the market square of Slavonice
Marketplace
A renaissance house
Church of the Assumption

The city was founded around the 12th century, the first written mention comes from the year 1260. Originally, it was a market village that belonged to the Lords of Neuhaus . The place slowly developed into a fortified city. In the 13th century, an underground drainage system was built that also served as a defense. The 14th century had the greatest influence on the place, when it received city rights. At this time, the buildings typical of the city were built around the market square. These bourgeois houses were built on elongated parcels, with narrow courtyards, the rear part of which consisted of farm buildings. Numerous houses were equipped with artistic cross-ribbed vaults (diamond vaults) by the local building workshop under Leopold Esterreicher, in a quality of artistic execution that is otherwise hard to find for bourgeois houses in Europe. A version of these works signed by Leopold Esterreicher can be found e.g. B. in house no. 25 from 1550. In 1423 Zlabings was besieged by the Hussites without success . In the Thirty Years War Zlabings was conquered and devastated by the Swedes in 1645.

After the First World War , Zlabings, which in 1910 was 99% German-speaking, came to the newly founded Czechoslovakia . On November 18, 1918, a division of the Czech 81st Infantry Regiment from Jihlava took over the city. The occupation was preceded by a lengthy firefight with the German people's armed forces . In the interwar period , government measures led to the influx of Czech residents, the proportion of which rose from 0.4% to over 14% between the 1910 and 1930 censuses. With the Munich Agreement in 1938, Czechoslovakia was forced to cede the peripheral areas inhabited by the German-speaking population to the German Reich. The city was assigned to the Waidhofen an der Thaya district . After the Second World War, the city's German population was expelled across the border into Austria . Most of the people from Zlabings in Austria were transferred to Germany in accordance with the Allied transfer goals. The district of Léštnice ( Lexnitz ) located on the Austrian border southwest of Maříž was abandoned in 1950.

Attractions

The historic city center was declared an urban monument reserve in 1961 .

  • Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (1503–1549), the baroque roof dates from 1750.
  • House facades from the Gothic and Renaissance periods with ornamental and sometimes figural sgraffiti .
  • A specialty in the history of vaults is the diamond vault or cell vault in town houses.
  • Lutheran oratory with apocalyptic frescoes (house no. 517).
  • Extensive underground cellar system.
  • Pilgrimage church in front of the city, Corpus Christi church (also called Heiliggeistkirche).
  • former synagogue , built 1894/95

traffic

railroad

Slavonice has a railway connection to Kostelec u Jihlavy with the line of the former Wolframs – Telč railway line , where it is connected to the railway network of the Czech Republic. The line is in operation, there is passenger and freight traffic. This route ends in Slavonice.

Rail connection with Austria: the battle for the Thayatalbahn

The existing Thayatalbahn to Austria, which leads via Waidhofen an der Thaya to Schwarzenau, was opened in 1903. The recommissioning of this connection was promised several times and the start of the necessary work was promised. The revitalization of the railway line is planned with the highest priority in the Lower Austrian regional transport concept from 1991, 1997 and 2001. The actual development is diametrically opposed to the concepts and the so-called political commitments: In December 2010, passenger traffic between Schwarzenau and Waidhofen / Thaya was discontinued - a further deterioration in the infrastructure along the existing tracks has now begun.

This project is important for several reasons:

  • For cultural tourism in Slavonice, accessibility by train from Prague and Vienna is interesting for the relevant target groups
  • Continuity will be created for local public transport by rail
  • An alternative to truck transit through the sensitive recreational region is provided
  • Resident companies receive rail connections with links to various transport routes

A detailed description of the overall situation was provided in 2008 in a factual study commissioned by the Neue Thayatalbahn association.

In addition, there was a discussion in Lower Austria - in some cases very emotional - as to whether the route should be put back into operation or replaced by a cycle path on or next to the tracks. The discussion about a combined construction of both projects, a cycle path and a rail link, was also interesting. Despite all efforts to the contrary, the railway line is gradually being dismantled. Current developments will continue to be documented by the advocates of conservation, a reorganization of regional transport players is taking place in the Waldviertel Transport Forum as the successor organization of the Neue Thayatalbahn association - at the beginning of 2014, the concern will be pursued to bring heavy transit traffic back onto the rails.

Arts, crafts and culture

After the Iron Curtain was opened, activities of artists, craftsmen and cultural workers developed in Slavonice and the surrounding communities. They have settled here since the 1990s in order to use the space for creative ideas.

A focal point was the artist group Divadlo Sklep from Prague. Both the founding of the ceramic factory in Maříž and the artist restaurant Besídka go back to this.

The galleries as well as a number of manufacturers and small shops play an important role, presenting the artistic work in the area with their exhibitions and showrooms. The works of well-known artists can be found as well as the productions of small manufacturers as well as individuals and families who create art.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 2,662 2,654 8th 0
1890 2,544 2,514 14th 16
1900 2,553 2,503 27 23
1910 2,601 2,571 11 19th
1921 2,324 1,832 294 198
1930 2,288 1,817 323 148
1950 2,047
1970 2,300
1982 2,412
1991 2,609
2001 2,735
2011 2,556

Community structure

The town of Slavonice consists of the districts Kadolec ( Kadolz ), Maříž ( Maires ), Mutišov ( Muttischen ), Rubašov ( Rubaschhof ), Slavonice, Stálkov ( Stallek ) and Vlastkovec ( Laskes ). Slavonice includes the Léštnice ( Lexnitz ) and Nový Stálkov ( Neu Stallek ) desert areas . Basic settlement units are Dolní Bolíkov-Rubašov, Kadolec, Léštnice, Maříž, Mutišov, Slavonice, Stálkov and Vlastkovec.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Dolní Bolíkov-Rubašov, Kadolec u Slavonic, Léštnice, Maříž, Mutišov, Slavonice, Stálkov and Vlastkovec.

Legends from the city

  • De kloan Zwergaln in the Spiatzaling
  • The fiery little men

Personalities

  • Franz Josef Pabisch (1825–1879), priest, church historian, director of the seminary in Cincinnati
  • Josef Steindl (1852–1932), educator. Sculptor.
  • Leopold Tomschik (1903–1944), technician. Resistance fighters against National Socialism. Tomshik committed suicide the night before his execution.
  • Ernst Klement (1914–2002), German hammer throw trainer
  • Hubert Frank (* 1925), Austrian director
  • Anna Fárová (1928–2010), Czech art historian, editor of monographs and photographic literature, signatory of Charter 77
  • Wolfgang Znaimer (1933–2017), German calligrapher, winner of the culture award

literature

  • Hans Reutter: History of the city of Zlabings. In: Journal of the German Association for the History of Moravia and Silesia. Vol. 16, 1912, ZDB -ID 531857-9 , pp. 1–102, 302–373 ( online )
  • Hans Reutter: The city of Zlabings, a cultural and historical picture. 1939.
  • Karl Ginhart : Handbook of the German art monuments in the Ostmark . Volume 1: Vienna and Lower Danube. 2nd, revised edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag ao, Berlin ao 1941, p. 505.
  • Vicariate General Nikolsburg, Zlabings. In: Church guide for South Moravia. 1941, ZDB -ID 2351976-9 , p. 72.
  • Fritz Peter Habel: Documents on the Sudeten question. Langen Müller, Munich et al. 1984, ISBN 3-7844-2038-9 .
  • Eleonora Polly: The Zlabingser Ländchen was the place of work for important personalities. 1985.
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , Zlabings p. 40.
  • Felix Ermacora : The Sudeten German Questions. Legal opinion. With the text of the treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic on good neighbors and friendly cooperation. Langen Müller, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-7844-2412-0 .
  • Heinz Engels (Hrsg.): Sudeten German dictionary . Volume 1. Oldenbourg, Munich et al. 1988, ISBN 3-486-54822-0 .
  • Milada Rada, Oldřich Rada: The Book of the Cell Vaults. Jalna, Prague 2001, ISBN 80-901743-7-X
  • Jiří Černý: Poutní místa jihozápadní Moravy. Milostné obrazy, sochy a místa zvlátní zbonosti. Nová Tiskárna, Pelhimov 2005, ISBN 80-8655915-7 ( Pilgrimage sites in Southwest Moravia. ).
  • Gabriela Koulová, Jana Zoglauer Vinšová: Slavonice a okolí. = Slavonice and surroundings. = Slavonice and surroundings. S & D, Prague 2006, ISBN 80-86899-93-4 .

Web links

Commons : Slavonice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. http://www.uir.cz/obec/547166/Slavonice
  2. Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
  3. Hans Reutter: History of the city of Zlabings. In: Journal of the German Association for the History of Moravia and Silesia. Vol. 16, 1912, pp. 1-102, 302-373.
  4. Milada Rada, Oldřich Rada: The book of the cell vaults. Jalna, Prague 2001.
  5. Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. Südmährischer Landschaftsrat, Geislingen / Steige 2008, pp. 245-252.
  6. Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present (= History of South Moravia. Vol. 3). South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , pp. 208, 327–333, 335, 337, 339, 342, 344–347, 459, 464, 510, 573, 674, 576, 577.
  7. Brunhilde Scheuringer: Thirty years later. The integration of ethnic German refugees and displaced persons in Austria (= treatises on refugee issues. 13). Braumüller, Vienna 1983, ISBN 3-7003-0507-9 (also: Salzburg, University, habilitation paper, 1982).
  8. ^ Gustav Kolbe: Thayatalbahn New. Visions - facts - opportunities. Report. Kolbe, Nestelbach near Graz 2008, ( digital version (PDF; 1.28 MB) ).
  9. ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.
  10. http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/547166/Obec-Slavonice
  11. http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/547166/Obec-Slavonice
  12. http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/547166/Obec-Slavonice
  13. Hans Zuckriegl: In the Thayana fairy tale, the later Czech Podyjí National Park and the Austrian Thayatal nature reserve. Self-published, Vienna 2000, p. 132 f.
  14. Hans Reutter: Zlabingser sagas. In: German Moravian Homeland. Vol. 9, No. 5 = No. 58, 1923, ZDB -ID 351674-x , pp. 118-124.