Český Rudolec

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Český Rudolec
Coat of arms of Český Rudolec
Český Rudolec (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihočeský kraj
District : Jindřichův Hradec
Area : 4929 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 4 ′  N , 15 ° 19 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 3 ′ 56 "  N , 15 ° 19 ′ 12"  E
Height: 511  m nm
Residents : 923 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 378 53 - 380 01
License plate : C.
traffic
Street: Studená - Slavonice
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 10
administration
Mayor : Luděk Plucar (as of 2018)
Address: Český Rudolec 123
378 83 Český Rudolec
Municipality number: 546097
Website : www.ceskyrudolec.cz
Center of Český Rudolec with parish church

Český Rudolec (German Böhmisch Rudoletz ) is a municipality with approx. 950 inhabitants in the southern Czech Republic, just east of the historical border between Bohemia and Moravia , not far from the border with Lower Austria . The village is nine kilometers west of Dačice and belongs to the Okres Jindřichův Hradec . The place is laid out as a longitudinal village.

geography

Český Rudolec is located on the right in the valley of the Bolíkovský potok / Wölkingbach in the east of the Javořická vrchovina and is part of the Česká Canada Nature Park . Rudolecký rybník is located northwest of the village. The 655 m high Stříbrný Kopec / Silberberg rises in the southwest.

Neighboring towns are Markvarec / Markwarec in the north, Lipolec / Lipolz in the northeast, Lidéřovice in the east, Nová Ves / Neudorf in the southeast, Peníkov / Pönigenhof and Stoječín / Stoitzen in the southwest, Matějovec / Modes in the west and Radíkov / Radisch and Horní Radíkov / Ober- Radically in the northwest.

history

The site , which was laid out after archaeological finds in the middle of the 13th century, was first mentioned in documents in 1343. The founders were probably miners who dug for ore on the Silberberg. From 1353 the existence of the fortress and a parish is documented. Until 1406 Rudolec was owned by the Margraves of Moravia and was part of the Rudolec dominion. After that it belonged to different noble families.

During the Reformation the place became Lutheran, so that from 1567 only non-Catholic pastors were named. In 1612, Cardinal Franz Seraph von Dietrichstein tried in vain to reintroduce the Catholic faith in Rudoletz. Only after the victory of the imperial troops in the battle of the White Mountain and the onset of the Counter-Reformation was it possible to recatholicize the place. During the Thirty Years' War Rudoletz was ravaged and plundered several times, so that at the end of the war only a handful of residents lived in the village. It took almost 20 years until Rudoletz had enough residents again for an independent parish. The parish registers of the place were made since the year 1652nd In 1673 Margarethe Countess von Trautensohn-Falkenstein acquired the property. During their reign, which lasted until 1720, the fortress was converted into a renaissance castle. The place name was also given the addition "Bohemian"

Countess Margarethe was followed by Maria Theresa von Trautensohn-Falkenstein until 1741, under which the rule reached its heyday and the castle mill, brewery and sawmill came into being. In 1712 a post office was built on the postal connection from Prague to Vienna. In 1775 there was a peasant uprising in the Rudoletz rule because of the robot . Datschitz , Teltsch and Studein joined this uprising . But in order to avoid punitive action by the troops, the insurgents soon asked for forgiveness. This was granted to them, but they had to endure the compulsory billeting of soldiers. Potatoes were first grown in 1787 and mined for silver in nearby Silberberg.

From 1810 onwards, the Russian counts, from 1815 the Rasumovsky family, owned the rulership, whose head at the time, initially working as a diplomat in Vienna, settled permanently in Vienna at the beginning of the 19th century (spelling in Vienna as in Rasumofskygasse ). This was also built by the Wölkingsthaler ironworks. The ore for the ironworks came from Zoppanz and from more distant places. Lev Razumovsky had the castle tower and clock built in the middle of the 19th century and surrounded the building with an English park.

1856 divorced from the service was kk officer Michael Angelo Knights of Picchioni owner of the domain and the castle. After the castle fire in 1860, he had the castle rebuilt in the Tudor style . This gave it a certain resemblance to the Bohemian castle Frauenberg / Hluboká and was given the nickname Klein Hluboká or Moravian Hluboká . Bierstein, which was exported to the German Empire and England for beer production, was also extracted in the local area. In 1895 a telegraph office was opened in the village and a volunteer fire brigade was founded.

At the end of the First World War , the place, 96% of which was inhabited by Germans in 1910, became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . In the subsequent land reform , the forests of the Rudoletz rule were nationalized. By the 1930 census, the proportion of the Czech population increased twenty-fold from 1910. From 1933 onwards, the Sudeten German Party gained a strong following among the German Bohemians and Moravians and in 1935 became the second strongest party in parliament in Prague with two thirds of all German votes. In 1937 she began to plan with Hitler the annexation of the German areas of the Czech Republic to the German Reich.

In any case, Czechoslovakia would have defended itself militarily against Hitler and expanded the fortresses on the border; England and France should have intervened as obstetricians for the Czechoslovak Republic. In order to avoid the impending war, for which both were not yet prepared in 1938, together with Mussolini, in the Munich Agreement , without asking Czechoslovakia, they left the German-populated peripheral areas of the state to the German Reich . Thus, on October 1, 1938, Böhmisch-Rudoletz became part of the Reich and on April 15, 1939, it became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau (as Lower Austria was called from April 1939). Most of the Czechs in the village were forcibly relocated to the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia .

On the day of Germany's capitulation at the end of the Second World War , which killed 24 people in the village, the community fell back to Czechoslovakia on May 8, 1945. In the forest behind the village, in the direction of Lipolz, the Red Army set up a prison camp for up to 80,000 German soldiers. The Soviet camp administration was in the former German school. In July and August 1945 the prisoners of war were brought to the Soviet Union .

On May 28, 1945, the place and the surrounding villages were occupied by Czech militias. They took five men hostage and drove the German residents and finally the hostages across the border into Austria. The place was repopulated. In accordance with the Potsdam Agreement , the Red Army demanded in January 1946 the deportation of all Sudeten Germans from Austria to Germany. About 40% of the inhabitants of Böhmisch-Rudoletz managed to stay in Austria, the others settled in Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg and Hesse.

In 1946 the last lord of the castle, Ernst Ritter von Picchioni, who had moved to Latin America, was expropriated and his property was nationalized. The state farm, which subsequently managed the property for decades under communist guidelines, was unable to invest. After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, the owners changed several times without any of the development projects being implemented.

In 2009 a group of investors from Brno began to revitalize Rudoletz Castle together with a local initiative. With the help of an EU project, an information center was set up in the castle chancellery; the inn in the side wing is to be put back into operation, as is the brewery.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest known seal dates from 1749. It shows an eight-petalled heraldic rose within a pearl circle. Around the pearl circle is the inscription “RICH.V. SCHWOR.DES.BEY.GER.B.RVDOLECZ ".

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 580 538 39 3
1890 587 521 66 0
1900 519 476 42 1
1910 524 504 10 10
1921 488 301 149 38
1930 506 288 196 22nd

Community structure

Place view

The municipality of Český Rudolec consists of the districts Český Rudolec ( Böhmisch Rudoletz ), Horní Radíkov ( Ober Radisch ), Lipnice ( Lipnitz ), Markvarec ( Markwarding ), Matějovec ( Modes ), Nová Ves ( Neudorf ), Nový Svět ( New World ), Radíkov ( Unter Radisch ), Rožnov ( Rosenau ) and Stoječín ( Stoitzen ). Basic settlement units are Český Rudolec, Dolní Radíkov, Horní Radíkov, Lipnice, Markvarec, Matějovec, Nová Ves, Nový Svět, Peníkov ( Pönigenhof ), Rožnov and Stoječín.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Český Rudolec, Dolní Bolíkov-Nová Ves, Dolní Radíkov, Horní Radíkov, Lipnice u Markvarce, Markvarec, Matějovec and Stoječín.

Attractions

The castle is currently being renovated
  • Castle Český Rudolec / Böhmisch Rudoletz, which was originally built as a medieval fortress and, after the renovation in 1860, also known as the Moravian Hluboká, has been gradually being rebuilt since 2009
  • Church of St. John the Baptist, built in the 15th century
  • Chapel of the Holy Cross in the cemetery, built in 1761
  • Statue of St. John of Nepomuk in the market
  • Peníkov water mill / Pönigenhof, technical monument
  • War memorial for the fallen soldiers of the First World War
  • Kaiser Franz Joseph Memorial (smashed by Czech soldiers in 1918)

Say from the place

  • The devil stone

Personalities

literature

  • Church guide for South Moravia. Parish and staff status in the eastern part of the diocese of Brno. 1941, ZDB -ID 2351976-9 , p. 66.
  • Johannes Jungmann: Memories of Rudoletz. 1947.
  • Ludwig Kweta: A hundred years of looking back on the castle and rule of Bohemian Rudoletz. In: South Moravian Yearbook. 1963, ZDB -ID 134023-2 , pp. 70-74.
  • Ilse Tielsch-Felzmann : South Moravian legends. Heimatwerk publishing house, Munich 1969.
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , p. 3.
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities in the home districts of Neubistritz, Zlabings, Nikolsburg and Znaim. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1992, ISBN 3-927498-16-5 , p. 36 f.
  • Alfred Schickel , Gerald Frodl: The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present (= history of South Moravia. Vol. 3). South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 344 f.
  • Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2008, p. 166 f.
  • Emil Puffer: The prisoner of war camp in Bohemian Rudoletz. In: South Moravian Yearbook. Vol. 59, 2010, pp. 70 f.

Web links

Commons : Český Rudolec  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/546097/Cesky-Rudolec
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
  3. ^ Eleonora Polly: Zlabings and the Zlabingser Ländchen. Beginning and end of a German south-west Moravian settlement area and its inhabitants from 1190 to 1945. Self-published, Rottweil (Neckar) 1988, p. 23.
  4. ↑ General invoice of the pharmacists' association in Northern Germany. In: Archives of Pharmacy . Vol. 134, No. 3, 1855, pp. 345-416, here p. 368, doi : 10.1002 / ardp.18551340348 .
  5. ↑ Otto Kimminich : The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it (= Sudetendeutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste. Geisteswissenschaftliche Klasse session reports. 1988, 4). Verlag Sudetenland, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-922423-35-3 .
  6. ^ Schickel, Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. 2001, p. 344 f.
  7. ↑ Niklas Perzi: Knights, Proletarians and Investors. In: Der Standard , September 18, 2012, p. 14, and the newspaper's website September 17, 2012.
  8. ^ Anton Boczek (Ed.): Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Moraviae . Volume 7: Peter von Chlumecky (Ed.): 1334-1349. Department 2. Nitsch, Brünn 1860, p. 469 .
  9. ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.
  10. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/546097/Obec-Cesky-Rudolec
  11. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/546097/Obec-Cesky-Rudolec
  12. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/546097/Obec-Cesky-Rudolec
  13. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: In the Thayanaa fairy tale land, the later Czech National Park Podyjí and the Austrian nature reserve Thayatal. A hike through the Upper Thayatal, its history and its colorful world of legends and fairy tales. With a few curious glances into the world of legends and fairy tales of the Lower Thaya Valley. Self-published, Vienna 2000, p. 47.