Lodhéřov

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Lodhéřov
Coat of arms of Lodhéřov
Lodhéřov (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Jihočeský kraj
District : Jindřichův Hradec
Area : 2375 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 13 '  N , 14 ° 58'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 13 '7 "  N , 14 ° 57' 37"  E
Height: 535  m nm
Residents : 654 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code : 377 01 - 378 26
License plate : C.
traffic
Street: Jindřichův Hradec - Deštná
structure
Status: local community
Districts: 3
administration
Mayor : Zdeňka Klesalová (as of 2018)
Address: Lodhéřov 168
378 26 Lodhéřov
Municipality number: 546666
Website : www.lodherov.cz
Village square

Lodhéřov ( German  Riegerschlag ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located eight kilometers northwest of Jindřichův Hradec ( Neuhaus ) and belongs to the Okres Jindřichův Hradec ( Neuhaus district ). The place is laid out as a double row village.

geography

Lodhéřov is an elongated row village, which extends over three kilometers in a north-south direction in the valley of the Ženský potok ( Frauenbach ). It is located in the south of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands . The 659 m high Čertův kámen ( Devil's Stone ) rises on the northeastern edge of the village .

Neighboring towns are Najdek in the north, Horní Radouň ( Ober Radaun ) and Okrouhlá Radouň ( Disk Radaun ) in the northeast, Kostelní Radouň ( Kirchen Radaun ) in the east, Dolní Radouň ( Wenkerschlag ) in the southeast, Studnice ( Brunn ) in the south, Klenov and Pluhův Žďár ( Pluhow ) in the west and Mostečný in the northwest.

history

During the colonization of Hradec country was rowing stroke by the Knights Templar founded and German settlers. The Ui dialect (northern Bavarian) spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicates a settlement by Bavarian German tribes from the Upper Palatinate region, as they did after 1050, but especially in 12/13. Century took place. The village, named after its founder Rudger ( Lodhéř in Czech ), was first mentioned in a document in 1294. The form of the name changed several times over the next few centuries. In 1365 they wrote “Rugerslag” and from 1414 to 1790 “Rigerslag”. Not until 1842 did the form of writing known today become common.

On September 17, 1297 Ulrich II von Neuhaus gave the place to the Templars. The existence of the Church of St. Peter and Paul has also been documented since 1297. The church stood up to the Hussite wars of the Coming of the German knights in Neuhaus , who succeeded the Templars. In the 15th century the village came under the rule of Neuhaus. During the Reformation , the place is considered Lutheran from 1590. Only after the victory of the imperial troops in the battle of the White Mountain and the onset of the Counter-Reformation during the Thirty Years War , the place becomes Catholic again in 1622. A Jesuit branch existed in Riegerschlag until 1773. Parish registers have been kept in the village since 1651. In 1674 the church was enlarged and a tower was added. Another renovation of the church took place at the beginning of the 18th century when the chapel of the Virgin Mary of the Holy Mountain was added.

In 1880, Riegerschlag, almost exclusively inhabited by Germans, had 1,134 inhabitants and was the largest village in the district. In 1881 a volunteer fire brigade was established. Around 1866 a three-class school was built in the village. Before that there was a class at the school host. The main source of income was cattle and agriculture, whereby the viticulture cultivated in South Moravia was not profitable due to the harsher climate. In addition to various types of grain, potatoes, beets, cabbage, peas and flax were grown. In addition to the usual small businesses, there were two mills, a sawmill, two brick factories, a cement factory and a cheese factory in the village. The flax that was grown was processed and spun at home. In the 20th century, the number of residents was steadily declining and in 1910 only 988 people lived in the village. In 1913 the district of Neudek was separated from Riegerschlag and became an independent municipality.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded the disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. The South Moravian town of Riegerschlag, of which 99.9% of the inhabitants belonged to the German language group in 1910 , also fell to the new state. The promised equal status of the minorities was ultimately not granted by the majority people. Measures such as land reform and the language regulation followed. This resulted in an increased influx of people of Czech nationality through settlers and newly filled civil servants. A Czech minority school was also set up in Riegerschlag. These measures intensified tensions between the German and Czech populations. When the autonomy demanded by the German speakers was not negotiated and armed conflict threatened, the Western powers caused the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas, which was regulated in the Munich Agreement , to Germany. Thus, on October 1, 1938, Riegerschlag became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 52 victims among the local residents, the community came back to the Czechoslovak Republic . On May 30, 1945 the place was occupied by a motorized group of militant Czechs, at the same time and system as the surrounding communities. They took some hostages and drove the German residents and finally the hostages across the border into Austria. 19 people remained in the place. According to the Beneš Decree 108, the entire property of the German residents as well as the public and church German property were confiscated and placed under state administration. The local residents displaced to Austria were transferred to Germany with the exception of approx. 17%, in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Communiqué . Eight people emigrated to the USA, four to other European countries, three to Canada and one each to Australia, Brazil and New Zealand.

On January 1, 1975 Studnice was incorporated into Lodhéřov.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest known seal of the community comes from the 2nd half of the 17th century. It showed the crowned capital letter "M" with the inscription "RIEGERSCHLAG 16-58". From 1848 on, Riegerschlag only had an image-free community temple.

Population development

census Total population Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year German Czechs Other
1880 1,134 1,128 6th 0
1890 1,133 1,124 9 0
1900 1.101 1,096 5 0
1910 988 987 1 0
1921 889 814 69 6th
1930 854 739 112 3

Community structure

The municipality Lodhéřov consists of the districts Lodhéřov ( Riegerschlag ), Najdek ( Neudek ) and Studnice ( Brunn ), which also form cadastral districts.

Attractions

  • Church of St. Peter and Paul, built in the 13th century, remodeled in 1642, burned down in 1665, robbed in 1778 and rebuilt in 1785.
  • Rectory
  • Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
  • Statue of St. Jude Squidward
  • brick picture chapel "Our Lady of Lourdes" (1930)
  • War memorial (1920)

regional customs

  • The Kirtag always took place on June 29th at Peter and Paul.
  • On the last three days before Ascension, there are processions after mass for a good harvest.

Sons and daughters of the place

literature

  • Karl Ginhart : Handbook of the German art monuments in the Ostmark . Volume 1: Vienna and Lower Danube. 2nd, revised edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag ao, Berlin ao 1941, p. 397.
  • Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , p. 32.
  • Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. In the home districts of Neubistritz, Zlabings, Nikolsburg and Znaim. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1992, ISBN 3-927498-16-5 , p. 204 f.
  • Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present (= history of South Moravia. Vol. 3). South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 348 f.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/546666/Lodherov
  2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
  3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. Contributions to the folklore of South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 , p. 10.
  4. ↑ Hans Hadam: History of the former rule Neuhaus. District councilor Neubistritz of the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft, Stuttgart 1979.
  5. ↑ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace. St. Germain and the Consequences. 1919-1989. Amalthea, Vienna et al. 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X .
  6. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans. 1918-1938. Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, Munich 1967.
  7. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria in 1945/46. With special consideration of the federal states of Vienna and Lower Austria. Vienna 1995, (Diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995; typed).
  8. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present. 2001, p. 348 f.
  9. ^ Moravian coat of arms, 1947, p.410
  10. ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.
  11. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/546666/Obec-Lodherov
  12. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/546666/Obec-Lodherov

Web links

Commons : Lodhéřov  - collection of images, videos and audio files