Dolní Radouň

Dolní Radouň
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihočeský kraj
District :	Jindřichův Hradec
Municipality :	Jindřichův Hradec
Area :	1448 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 12 '  N , 15 ° 0'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 12 '2 "  N , 15 ° 0' 14"  E
Height:	494  m nm
Residents :	214 (March 1, 2001)
Postal code :	377 01
License plate :	C.
traffic
Street:	Jindřichův Hradec - Kostelní Radouň
Railway connection:	Jindřichův Hradec – Obrataň

Dolní Radouň , until 1947 Německý Radouň , ( German Wenkerschlag ) is a district of the city of Jindřichův Hradec in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers north of Jindřichův Hradec. The place was laid out as a double-row village.

geography

The neighboring towns are in the north Kostelní Radouň ( Churches Radaun ), in the south Jindřichův Hradec ( Neuhaus ) and in the west Studnice ( Brunn ).

history

The first written mention of the place took place in 1256. The place is called "Radvina magna". In the years 1378, 1437, 1493 and 1654 the place name "Radun Theutonicalis" appears in several documents. At that time, the place belonged to the Neuhaus rulership. The parish registers of the place are in the neighboring village since 1651 Rieger blow out.

The place was probably deserted in the 17th century, as it was repopulated according to plan in the 18th century. The “ui” dialect (Northern Bavarian) spoken by the inhabitants until 1945, with their special Bavarian passwords , indicates that the settlers came from the Upper Palatinate region. After the resettlement, the place name "Wenkerschlag" became established in 1785. The origin for this new name is either Saint Wendelin or a new settler named Wenker. In 1842 there were 4 mills with sawmills and a linseed oil press. Flax in particular was grown and processed in the village. But around 1880 flax cultivation became unprofitable and the villagers began to migrate. In 1903 the district road was built through the town. In 1906, Wenkerschlag received a stop on the local railway from Neuhaus to Wobratein . Most of the residents of Wenkerschlag lived from livestock and agriculture. Due to the climate and the nature of the soil, rye, oats, flax (until 1880) and potatoes were mostly grown. In contrast, livestock farming was promoted, particularly pig breeding, beekeeping and milk production.

After the First World War , 1914-1918, was one of the successor states of Austria-Hungary to Czechoslovakia . It claimed for itself those German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia which had been German Austria (later Austria ) since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German Austrians living there - in 1910 89% of the local residents. In the interwar period, there was an increase in the influx of people with Czech identity due to the appointment of new officials and new settlers. Tensions mounted throughout the country. As armed conflict loomed, the Western powers, in the Munich Agreement , caused the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas inhabited by Sudeten Germans to Germany. Thus, on October 1, 1938, Wenkerschlag became part of the German Reichsgau Niederdonau . From 1925 the swampy pond began to be drained and the brook regulated. As a result, Wenkerschlag became the best delivery community for the district's warehouse cooperative. In the same year a Czech minority school was established in the mill. The place was electrified in 1929. In 1939 a storm destroyed the entire harvest of the community.

During the Second World War , the place suffered 33 victims. After the end of the Second World War, the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement were reassigned to Czechoslovakia . On May 30, 1945 the place was occupied by a motorized group of militant Czechs, at the same time and system as the surrounding communities. They took ten hostages and drove the German residents and finally the hostages to Austria via Neubistritz. Serious abuse accompanied this event. Two hostages and four other people died. The assets of the German residents were confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , the assets of the Protestant church were liquidated by the Beneš decree 131 and the local Catholic church was expropriated during the communist era . In accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Declaration, the Red Army demanded the deportation of all Sudeten Germans from Austria to Germany. Nevertheless, 12 families were able to stay in Austria. The remaining displaced people from Wenkerschlag were transferred to Germany. A villager emigrated to Switzerland.

In 1980 the place was incorporated into Jindřichův Hradec . In 2001 the village consisted of 96 houses.

Coat of arms and seal

In 1658 the place received a court seal from Count Slawata von Chlum and Koschumberg. The seal picture showed a bear standing upright on a piece of lawn, which is holding a curly pointed shield in its front paws. The seal was changed around 1900. It now showed the inscription "GEMEINDEAMT.WENKERSCHLAG.POL.BEZ.NEUHAUS.BÖHMEN" with a small sign in the middle.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	822	789	33	0
1890	823	762	61	0
1900	742	687	55	0
1910	624	561	63	0
1921	616	499	114	3
1930	586	470	112	4th
1991	239
2001	214

Attractions

• Filial church of the Assumption of Mary (1878) with altarpiece and Stations of the Cross by Kamaryt.
• Elementary school (1863)

regional customs

• From May 16, a rosary service was held for St. John of Nepomuk for a week.

Personalities

• Richard Hanslovsky (1922) - local history researcher
• Franz Longin (1933) - landscape supervisor for South Moravia since 1979. Awarded the Golden Medal of Honor of the Republic of Austria by Federal President Dr. Alexander Van der Bellen (June 23, 2019)

Sources and literature

• Johann Führer, Franz Longin: Wenkerschlag-Kreis Neubistritz-Südböhmen. 1984.
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , p. 39.
• Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. Contributions to the folklore of South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 .
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities in the home districts of Neubistritz, Zlabings, Nikolsburg and Znaim. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1992, ISBN 3-927498-16-5 , p. 249 f.
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 349 f .
• Richard Hanslovsky: Villages on the South Bohemian language border. For example Wenkerschlag. Self-published, Ulm 2002.
• Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2008, p. 138 f.

Web links

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/630071/Dolni-Radoun
2. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. Contributions to the folklore of South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 , p. 10.
3. ↑ Heinz Engels (Hrsg.): Sudetend German dictionary . Volume 1. Oldenbourg, Munich et al. 1988, ISBN 3-486-54822-0 .
4. ^ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia; Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 10: Tabor Circle. Ehrlich, Prague 1842, p. 246 .
5. ↑ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace. St. Germain and the Consequences. 1919-1989. Amalthea, Vienna et al. 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X .
6. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans. 1918-1938. Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, Munich 1967.
7. ↑ Otto Kimminich : The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it (= Sudetendeutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste. Geisteswissenschaftliche Klasse. Session reports. 1988, 4). Verlag Sudetenland, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-922423-35-3 .
8. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. 2001, pp. 349, 544, 573.
9. ↑ Ignaz Seidl-Hohenveldern : International Confiscation and Expropriation Law (= contributions to foreign and international private law. 23, ISSN  0340-6709 ). de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1952.
10. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria in 1945/46. With special consideration of the federal states of Vienna and Lower Austria. Vienna 1995, (Diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995; typed).
11. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. 2001, p. 349 f.
12. ^ Johann Führer, Franz Longin: Wenkerschlag-Kreis Neubistritz-Südböhmen. 1984.
13. ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.