Staré Město pod Landštejnem
| Staré Město pod Landštejnem | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Jindřichův Hradec | ||||
| Area : | 6927 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 0 ′ N , 15 ° 15 ′ E | ||||
| Height: | 545 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 466 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 378 81 - 378 82 | ||||
| License plate : | C. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Nová Bystřice - Slavonice | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | Městys | ||||
| Districts: | 8th | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Alena Šindlerová (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Staré Město pod Landštejnem 19 378 82 Staré Město pod Landštejnem |
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| Municipality number: | 547212 | ||||
| Website : | www.staremestopl.cz | ||||
Staré Město pod Landštejnem (German old town ) is a minority town in Okres Jindřichův Hradec in the Czech Republic . It is located 24 kilometers southeast of Jindřichův Hradec and belongs to the Jihočeský kraj region . The place was created as a Breitangerdorf .
geography
The place is located south of the Javořická vrchovina on Pstruhovec ( Taxenbach ) in the Česká Canada Nature Park near the Austrian border in South Bohemia. South-east of Staré Město, the tip of the Bohemian Saß , which belongs to Austria, protrudes into Czech territory. At the northern foot of the local Hohe Stein ( 679 m ) lies the Dreiländerstein ( Trojmezí ), which marks the triangle between Bohemia , Moravia and Austria . The fortification lines of the Czechoslovak Wall run on the mountain slopes north of the village . At the deserted Košťálkov ( Gottschallings ) there is a border crossing for hikers to Klein-Taxen .
Neighboring towns are Stálkov in the northeast, Kadolec in the east, Maříž and Reinolz in the southeast, Klein-Taxen in the south, Veclov and Dobrotín in the southwest, Podlesí in the west and Pomezí and Landštejn in the northwest.
history
Staré Město was founded around 1170 on an old mule track leading from Italy via Raabs and Markl ( Pomezí ) to Bohemia by the Lords of Tierna from the Raabs house . In the 14th century, the place was expanded to the market village of the neighboring Landstein Castle and was called Landstein . In 1495 the town was raised to the status of the Old Town ( Staré Město ) and from 1568 as Old Landstein ( Starý Landštejn ). The first Jews can be traced around 1600 and a little later a Jewish cemetery was built outside the village. Registries have existed since 1668. In 1840, 1036 people lived in the place. Until the abolition of patrimonial rule in 1848, Altstadt was the main town of Landstein's rule. In the second half of the 19th century, the market town lost more and more of its importance. The lack of a connection to the railway network prevented the settlement of industrial companies. In 1880 a volunteer fire brigade was founded in the old town. Until 1918, many old townspeople in Vienna worked as bricklayers, which meant that the local dialect was partly similar to Viennese.
After the First World War and the Peace Treaty of Saint Germain in 1919, the place, of which 90% of the inhabitants belonged to the German language group in 1910, became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . Settlers and newly filled civil servants have led to an increased influx of people with Czech identity. After the Munich Agreement , the place came to the German Reich in 1938 and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau .
After the end of the Second World War - which claimed 15 victims among the local residents - the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement were reassigned to Czechoslovakia . When the population of German origin began to be mistreated by the Revolutionary Guards, civilian deaths occurred. On May 29, 1945, the old town was occupied by militant Czechs at the same time as the surrounding towns. They took men hostage and then drove the local population and finally the hostages across the border into Austria. 13 people remained in the place. The property of the German residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 , and the Catholic Church was expropriated during the communist era . The local residents in Austria were transferred to Germany with the exception of 13 families, in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam Protocol. Four people emigrated to Canada, three to the United States and one to Australia.
During the Cold War , Staré Město pod Landštejnem was on the Iron Curtain . In 1952 the official name Staré Město was changed to Staré Město pod Landštejnem to distinguish it from places of the same name . On December 6, 2017, Staré Město pod Landštejnem's status as Městys was renewed.
Community structure
The municipality of Staré Město pod Landštejnem consists of the districts Dobrotín ( Dobroten ), Landštejn ( Landstein ), Návary ( Auern ), Podlesí ( German Bernschlag ), Pomezí ( Markl ), Staré Město pod Landštejnem ( old town ), Veclov ( Wetzlers. ) And Vitín ( Wittingau ). Staré Město pod Landštejnem also includes the settlements of Buková ( beeches ), Dobrohoř ( Ebergerschhof ) and Filipov ( Philippsdorf ).
In the municipal area are the corridors of the extinct villages, Weiler and monolayer Arnolec ( Arnolzhof ), fire Häusler, Detris ( Dietreichs ) Hanftlův mlýn ( Hanftl ) Košlák ( Kokschlag ) Košťálkov ( God scarf-form ), Kuní ( Cain ), Lužánky ( Auhäuser ) , Pernarec ( Bern resin ), Rajchéřov ( Reichers ) Romava ( Romau ) and Staré Hutě ( Althütten ), where in 1900 lived a total of 1,638 people. The towns on the border with Austria were liquidated in the 1950s when the Iron Curtain was erected.
Basic settlement units are Dětřiš, Dobrotín, Košlák, Košťálkov, Kuní, Návary, Pernárec, Podlesí, Pomezí, Rajchéřov, Romava, Staré Hutě, Staré Město pod Landštejnem, Veclov and Vitíněves.
The municipal area is divided into the cadastral districts of Dětřiš, Dobrotín, Košlák, Košťálkov, Kuní pod Landštejnem, Návary, Pernárec, Podlesí pod Landštejnem, Pomezí pod Landštejnem, Rajchéloštejo. Forests occupy 4525 ha of the cadastral area.
Seal and coat of arms
The community seal has probably been around since the market survey. It shows a sign with a diagonal division. In the upper half with a three-leaved branch. This is also how the market seal from around 1600 with a legend is designed. The coat of arms is diagonally divided by red and black and in the upper area there is a three-leaved branch in silver.
Population development
| census | Total population | Ethnicity of the inhabitants | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | German | Czechs | Other | |
| 1880 | 931 | 903 | 25th | 3 |
| 1890 | 826 | 788 | 38 | - |
| 1900 | 827 | 755 | 71 | 1 |
| 1910 | 740 | 667 | 70 | 3 |
| 1921 | 613 | 456 | 114 | 43 |
| 1930 | 572 | 419 | 130 | 23 |
Attractions
- Landštejn Castle in Landštejn
- Church of the Assumption of Mary, built 1495–1514 under Lord Kraiger von Kraigk in Gothic style
- stately church of John the Baptist, built in the 13th century
- Castle Dobrohoř ( Ebergersch ) in Stare Mesto pod Landštejnem, classicist building from the 19th century
- Jewish cemetery northwest of the village, laid out around 1610
- Dreiländerstein am Hohen Stein and other boundary stones between Bohemia and Moravia
- Path chapel with a Vesper picture around 1500
- Mission cross in front of the church
- Viktoriakreuz, iron cross on a stone base in place
- Red Cross, the hall processions lead to him
- Jewish temple, leveled by the Czechs
- War memorial 1927
Sons and daughters of the church
- Josef Hahn (1912–1999), Slavist and translator, Andreas Gryphius Prize winner from 1966, author of a two-volume Cyrillo-Methodian bibliography
- Hans Reutter (1884–1950), historian, board member of the German History Association of Moravia, writer on local history and folklore, honorary citizen of Zlabings.
economy
The place had the right to hold a weekly market every Tuesday. The annual markets took place on the Monday after April 23rd, July 26th and November 25th.
literature
- Adolf Gottwald: old town. On the history of one of the oldest Sudeten German villages. Heimatkreis Freudenthal / Altvater, Freudenthal / Altvater undated (around 1975).
- Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , p. 1 f.
- Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. In the home districts of Neubistritz, Zlabings, Nikolsburg and Znaim. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1992, ISBN 3-927498-16-5 , p. 26 f.
- Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 368 f . (Old town).
- Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2008, p. 32.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/547212/Stare-Mesto-pod-Landstejnem
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
- ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. 2008.
- ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. 2001.
- ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. 2001, p. 368 f.
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/547212/Obec-Stare-Mesto-pod-Landstejnem
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/547212/Obec-Stare-Mesto-pod-Landstejnem
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/547212/Obec-Stare-Mesto-pod-Landstejnem
- ^ Archives of the National Museum in Prague (Eichler Collection); Thurnwald seal collection; Coat of arms in the Ortschronik Old Town
- ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.
- ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. 1990, p. 1 f.
- ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. 2008, p. 34.