Dolní Pěna
| Dolní Pěna | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
|
||||
| Region : | Jihočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Jindřichův Hradec | ||||
| Area : | 530 hectares | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 7 ' N , 15 ° 1' E | ||||
| Height: | 473 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 386 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 377 01 | ||||
| License plate : | C. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Jindřichův Hradec - Třeboň | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Martin Matoušek (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Dolní Pěna 27 377 01 Jindřichův Hradec |
||||
| Municipality number: | 562467 | ||||
| Website : | www.dolnipena.cz | ||||
Dolní Pěna (German Niederbaumgarten ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located five kilometers south of Jindřichův Hradec and belongs to the Okres Jindřichův Hradec .
geography
The street village Dolní Pěna extends in the foreland of the Javořická vrchovina along the Pěněnský potok on the left side of the Nežárka . The place is surrounded by several smaller fish ponds and the larger Pěněnský rybník ( wooden pond ) in the southeast.
Neighboring towns are Jindřichův Hradec in the north, Otín and Hrutkov in the northeast, Kačlehy in the east, Horní Pěna in the southeast, Malíkov nad Nežárkou in the south, Dolní Žďár in the southwest and Horní Žďár in the west.
history
The village of Pěna , which was founded between the 13th and 14th centuries when the area around Neuhaus was colonized, was first mentioned in documents in 1359.
In 1654 28 peasant communities are recorded in the Berní rula , which were laid out in terraces on both sides of the valley in an east-west direction. There was a mill at the upper end of the village. The place was parish after Horní Pěna . Until the abolition of patrimonial rule in 1848 Niederbaumgarten belonged to the entails commission of the Neuhaus rule. Owners were the lords of Neuhaus , who after their extinction in the male line were inherited by the Slawata and these in turn by the Czernin . In 1850, 446 people lived in Niederbaumgarten.
One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking regions of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded the disputed territories against the will of the people of Czechoslovakia. With that, Nieder-Baumgarten, whose inhabitants were 95% German-Austrians in 1910, also fell to the new state. The general striving for autonomy of the Germans in the interwar period led to tensions within the country and further to the Munich Agreement , which regulated the cession of the Sudeten German territories to Germany. Between 1938 and 1945 the place Nieder-Baumgarten belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau .
After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 20 victims among the local residents, the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement were reassigned to Czechoslovakia . Nieder-Baumgarten and the surrounding towns were occupied by non-local militant Czechs on May 30, 1945. They first took some hostages and then drove most of the local German population across the border into Austria. Three hostages were shot. The property of the German residents was confiscated by the Beneš decree 108 and the local Catholic church was expropriated during the communist era .
The population sank to 240 by 1950 and fell again drastically in the second half of the 20th century due to rural exodus. In 1970 Dolní Pěna only had 135 inhabitants. The number of residential buildings also fell from 65 (1869) to 40 (1970).
Population development
| census | Total population | Ethnicity of the inhabitants | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | German | Czechs | Other | |
| 1880 | 390 | 373 | 17th | 0 |
| 1890 | 334 | 334 | 0 | 0 |
| 1900 | 298 | 280 | 17th | 1 |
| 1910 | 301 | 286 | 15th | 0 |
| 1921 | 299 | 266 | 31 | 2 |
| 1930 | 279 | 250 | 29 | 0 |
(Source of statistics: Faculty of Philosophy, Palacký University, Olomouc , Czech Republic)
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Dolní Pěna.
Attractions
- St. Cordis Chapel
- Niche chapel with a statue of St. John of Nepomuk on the stone bridge over the Pěněnský potok
- A war victims memorial commemorates the victims of the First World War .
Personalities
- Willi Schöberl (* 1940), winner of the Josef Löhner Prize
- Franz Schöberl (* 1934), winner of the Josef Löhner Prize
swell
- Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , p. 25.
- Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities in the home districts of Neubistritz, Zlabings, Nikolsburg and Znaim. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1992, ISBN 3-927498-16-5 , p. 160.
- Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 360 (Niederbaumgarten).
- Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2008, p. 101.
literature
- Theodor Tupetz: History of the German language island of Neuhaus and Neubistritz. In: Communications of the Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia. Vol. 26, 1888, ZDB -ID 516634-2 , pp. 283-303 , 359-381 .
- Hans Hadam: History of the former Neuhaus rule. District councilor Neubistritz of the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft, Stuttgart 1979.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/562467/Dolni-Pena
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
- ↑ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace. St. Germain and the Consequences. 1919-1989. Amalthea, Vienna et al. 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X .
- ↑ Otto Kimminich : The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it (= Sudetendeutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften und Künste. Geisteswissenschaftliche Klasse. Session reports. 1988, 4). Verlag Sudetenland, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-922423-35-3 .
- ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. 2001, p. 360.
- ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.