Horní Pěna

Horní Pěna
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihočeský kraj
District :	Jindřichův Hradec
Area :	1484 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 6 '  N , 15 ° 3'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 5 '56 "  N , 15 ° 2' 35"  E
Height:	496  m nm
Residents :	602 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	377 01 - 378 31
License plate :	C.
traffic
Street:	Jindřichův Hradec - Nová Bystřice
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	2
administration
Mayor :	Karel Dušek (as of 2018)
Address:	Horní Pěna 93 378 31 Horní Pěna
Municipality number:	546364
Website :	www.hornipena.cz

Horní Pěna (German Oberbaumgarten ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located five kilometers southeast of Jindřichův Hradec ( Neuhaus ) and belongs to the Okres Jindřichův Hradec . The place is laid out as a double- row village. It has about 590 inhabitants.

geography

The street village Horní Pěna extends at the foot of the Javořická vrchovina along the Pěněnský potok, which is dammed above the place in the Pěněnský rybník ( wooden weir pond ). There are also other smaller fish ponds in the area around Horní Pěna. The Hejlíček (558 m) and the Řasy (642 m) rise to the south.

Neighboring towns are Otín ( Ottenschlag ) in the north, Hrutkov in the northeast, Kačlehy ( Gatterschlag ) in the east, Kunějovské Samoty in the southeast, Bílá and Nová Ves ( Schönborn ) in the south, Malíkov nad Nežárkou ( German Moliken ) in the southwest, Dolní Žďár ( Niedermühl ) and Dolní Pěna ( Niederbaumgarten ) in the west and Jindřichův Hradec ( Neuhaus ) in the northwest.

history

The village of Pěna , which was founded between the 13th and 14th centuries during the colonization of the area around Neuhaus , was first mentioned in a document in 1359. The Ui dialect (Northern Bavarian) that was spoken until 1945 with its special Bavarian passwords indicates settlement by Bavarian German tribes from the Upper Palatinate area. Over the centuries, the spelling of the place changed to "Pyenna" (1369), "Pomerium alias Pyenna" (1385) and after the districts separated to "Oberbaumgarten" (1654). A new wooden weir pond was built in 1437, which stopped the frequent flooding of the municipality. In 1596, the Jesuits, who wanted to prevent possible evangelical tendencies, achieved that the Lord's Supper was abolished in both forms (bread and wine).

The registers have been kept since 1610. In 1658 Adam Paul Graf Slawata awarded the community the "Paumgartner Court". In 1748 Oberbaumgarten, together with other communities, asked for a school to be built. The school was opened in 1754. The lessons were paid for in kind from the farmers. To be better protected against possible bad harvests , bulk boxes are built in 1785 .

The construction of the Reichsstraße through Oberbaumgarten began around 1816, and in 1936 it was paved. Until the abolition of patrimonial rule in 1848, Oberbaumgarten belonged to the entails of the Neuhaus rule . Owners were the lords of Neuhaus , who after their extinction in the male line were inherited by the Slawata and these in turn by the Czernin von Chudenitz . The Church of St. Michael was the parish church for the surrounding villages. In order to have enough money for an advance fund, the supplies of the Schüttkasten were sold in 1864. 11 years later, the empty bulk box was auctioned. A volunteer fire brigade was established in 1876. In 1897 a hurricane caused significant damage to the community. The old bulk box was converted and used for residential purposes. Large parts of the Oberbaumgartner lived from forestry, livestock and agriculture, whereby viticulture played no role due to the unfavorable climate and the nature of the soil. In addition to various types of grain, potatoes and fruit were also grown. In addition to the usual small businesses, there was also a mill, a steam dairy and a savings and loan fund. The dairy in Oberbaumgarten was the first dairy in southern Bohemia and was supplied with 22,000 liters of milk every day.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914–1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking regions of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia that had been German Austria since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded the disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. With this, Oberbaumgarten, whose residents were 98.2% German Moravians in 1910, also fell to the new state. In the interwar period , the land reform of 1919 and the 1926 language regulation, the settlement of Czechs strengthened the growing aspirations for autonomy of the Germans and led to tensions within the country and further to the Munich Agreement , which regulated the cession of the Sudeten German areas to Germany. In 1938 the place came to the German Reich and became a part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War , which claimed 21 victims among the local residents of Oberbaumgarten, the community came back to the Czechoslovak Republic . On May 30, 1945 Oberbaumgarten was occupied by omilitant Czechs at the same time as the surrounding towns. They took five men hostage and then drove the local population and finally the hostages across the border into Austria; the teacher was shot dead. Five men who were already in Austria were brought back to Neuhaus by Czech "partisans" and abused there. Three men were killed in the process. According to the Beneš Decree 108, the property of the German population was confiscated without compensation . The local residents in Austria were transferred to Germany with the exception of twelve families in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam communiqué . Eight people immigrated to the United States, four to Australia, two to Taiwan and one to Canada. The place was then repopulated.

On 1 January 1961 took place the incorporation of Malíkov nad Nežárkou and Dolní Pěna ( low Baumgarten ). The Pěněnský rybník has been used for recreational purposes since the 1920s, and there is a cottage colony on the wooded east bank.

Seal and coat of arms

In 1658 the village had a municipal seal . It shows a bear standing upright on a piece of lawn, holding a sign in its front paws. 3 bars can be seen on these. It is the ancestral coat of arms of the then rulers, the Counts Slawata of Chlum and Koschumberg. Even after the reign of Neuhaus passed to Count Czernin, the seal remained the same. From 1848 the seal is mirrored. It is no longer clear today whether this was a mistake by the sealer or intentional.

Around 1900 the community received a new seal. It showed the patron saint of the parish church, the Archangel Michael fighting with Satan. This seal was used until 1918. After 1918 a bilingual community stamp was introduced.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	533	533	0	0
1890	485	485	0	0
1900	457	457	0	0
1910	461	453	8th	0
1921	452	392	25th	8th
1930	409	356	52	1

Community structure

The municipality Horní Pěna consists of the districts Horní Pěna ( Oberbaumgarten ) and Malíkov nad Nežárkou (until 1947: Německý Malíkov , German: German Moliken ), which also form cadastral districts.

Attractions

• Parish church St. Michael, from the Gothic building of the 14th century still the ribbed choir and sacristy, organ loft from the 15th century with ribbed vault; Remodeling in 1773, addition of aisle, next to the main altar side altars of St. Wenzel and Veit, new altar (1894), pulpit from 1759 and organ from 1734
• Rectory
• Plague column (Marian column) on the village square (1720)
• Chapel of the Annunciation in Malíkov nad Nežárkou
• Cemetery around the church, second on Gatterschlager Straße 1775–1806, abandoned due to rising groundwater, third cemetery in 1881 with cemetery chapel (renovation of the cemetery cross through donations from displaced persons in 1994)
• Statue of St. John of Nepomuk
• two stone crosses by the church
• Proisl Kreuz (renovation of the cross by Hans Proisl in 1996/97)
• Czerny-Kreuz direction Gatterschlag
• Schirmer cross at the fork in the road
• Schoolhouse (1754), new building (1855), for Ober- and Niederbaumgarten, three-class from 1879 to 1926, then two-class
• War memorial (1930)
• Post office (1895), new building (1912)

regional customs

Rich customs determined the annual course of the German local residents:

• On the days of prayer - the last three days before Ascension - processions lead through the corridors and to the field crosses. At each visit, prayer is held in front of four stations (cross, picture, martyr and chapel).
• For the feast of Corpus Christi, the future processional path and the place of the altars are decorated the day before. The children pick flowers in the gardens and meadows. The evening bells herald the festival. The four altars are set up at dawn. During the festive procession, the girls are dressed in white and have a "wreath" in their hair.

Say

• The legend of the Shocha women

Personalities

• Johann Friedl (1812–1886), architect
• Franz Riebel (1857–1951) professor at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences and book author
• Walter Glaser (1906–1960), physicist
• Wulf Oesterreicher (1942–2015), Romance studies

swell

• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , p. 28.
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities in the home districts of Neubistritz, Zlabings, Nikolsburg and Znaim. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1992, ISBN 3-927498-16-5 , p. 171.
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 361 (Oberbaumgarten).
• Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2008, p. 105.

literature

• Josef Altrichter: Memorial book of the community of Oberbaumgarten (1931)
• Josef Altrichter: History of houses in the municipality of Oberbaumgarten
• Luguda: Our Walter (Oberbaumgarten)
• Maria Oesterreicher: 50 years after our expulsion from our beloved homeland
• Maria Oesterreicher: The Oberbaumgarten cemetery in South Bohemia
• Maria Oesterreicher: memorial stones, memorials, martyrs, columns and crosses of the village of Oberbaumgarten (1990)
• Maria Oesterreicher: The village of Oberbaumgarten in South Bohemia (1990)
• Maria Oesterreicher: On the dialect of the village of Oberbaumgarten and its neighboring towns in the district of Neubistritz / South Bohemia (1995)
• Maria Oesterreicher: Drawings by Franz Kramer from Oberbaumgarten (1998)

Web links

Commons : Horní Pěna  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/546364/Horni-Pena
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: The forms of settlement, rural building and material culture in South Moravia. Contributions to the folklore of South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 1989, ISBN 3-927498-09-2 , p. 10.
4. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: Dictionary of the South Moravian dialects and their use in language, song and writing. With examples from everyday life. Self-published, Vienna 1999.
5. ↑ Altrichter: Memorial book of the community Ober-Baumgarten. Volume 1-3. 1981.
6. ↑ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace. St. Germain and the Consequences. 1919-1989. Amalthea, Vienna et al. 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X .
7. ↑ Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2008, p. 106.
8. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. 2001, pp. 357, 359, 361, 573.
9. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria in 1945/46. With special consideration of the federal states of Vienna and Lower Austria. Vienna 1995, (Diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995; typed).
10. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. 2001, p. 361.
11. ↑ Altrichter: Memorial book of the community Ober-Baumgarten. Part 1.
12. ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.
13. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/546364/Obec-Horni-Pena
14. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/546364/Obec-Horni-Pena
15. ^ Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark . Volume 1: Vienna and Lower Danube. 2nd, revised edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag ao, Berlin ao 1941, p. 357.
16. ↑ Hans Zuckriegl: In the Thayana fairy tale, the later Czech Podyjí National Park and the Austrian Thayatal nature reserve. Self-published, Vienna 2000, p. 100 f.