Nová Bystřice

Nová Bystřice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihočeský kraj
District :	Jindřichův Hradec
Area :	8179 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 1 '  N , 15 ° 6'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 1 '9 "  N , 15 ° 6' 11"  E
Height:	588  m nm
Residents :	3,281 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	378 33
License plate :	C.
traffic
Street:	Jindřichův Hradec - Heidenreichstein
Railway connection:	Jindřichův Hradec - Nová Bystřice
structure
Status:	city
Districts:	13
administration
Mayor :	Vladimír Bláha ( ČSSD ) (Status: 2018)
Address:	Mírové nám. 58 378 33 Nová Bystřice
Municipality number:	546798
Website :	www.novabystrice.cz

Nová Bystřice (German Neubistritz ; before Neufistritz ) is a town in the Okres Jindřichův Hradec in the Czech Republic . It is located in the Jihočeský kraj region near the border with Austria.

geography

Nová Bystřice is located at the confluence of the Bystřický potok in the Dračice . Neighboring towns are Dobrá Voda in the north, Hůrky , Klenová ( Leinbaum ) and Albeř in the northeast, Klášter ( monastery ) in the east, Artolec in the southeast, Nový Vojiřov ( Bohemian Bernschlag ) in the west and Sedlo in the northwest. To the south is the border crossing at Grametten . The area around Nová Bystřice is part of the Česká Canada Nature Park .

history

Town square with a castle

The Bavarian-Austrian ui dialect with its special passwords , such as Bui, Huit (Bub, Hut), indicates a settlement by Bavarian tribes, which began after 1050, but especially towards the end of the 12th century. During this time, the "northern forest" over Nova Bystrice is also colonized. Christianization, three-field economy and German town law were important reasons for the German colonization in the east. The area of ​​the later Fistritz / Bistritz initially belonged to the Austrian rule of Raab . On April 18, 1175, Conrad II von Raabs the Johanniterkommende Mailberg transferred a forest and a farm on the river "Vistricz" ( Bystřický potok ). There the Johanniter first built a monk cell, from which the first parish church of Bistritz later developed. The settlers of the living space around the monk's cell came from Lower Austria . After the Counts of Raabs went extinct in 1191, the rule of Raabs came to the Zöbinger, who were successively followed by the Weikertschlag, Hirschberg and finally the Plain-Hardegg. After the death of the brothers Otto and Konrad von Plain-Hardegg, who died in the war against Hungary, Queen Margarethe , wife of the Bohemian King Ottokar II. Přemysl , transferred the rule of Raab to the Supreme Marshal of Bohemia and Governor of Styria, Wok von Rosenberg . His son Heinrich I von Rosenberg had to cede the rule of Raab to the Austrian Duke Albrecht with a document issued on March 26, 1282 in Vienna , whereby the northernmost part with Fistritz / Bistritz fell to Bohemia. Sezema von Landstein, who came from the Witigon family branch of the Lords of Landstein, is proven to be the owner of the Bistritz estate in 1282 . He was followed by his son Witiko / Vítek and then his son Wilhelm von Landstein . In 1341 Bistritz was raised to the rank of town and in 1348 Emperor Karl IV granted the Lords of Landstein freedoms and privileges.

After the death of Wilhelm's son Litold around 1381, Bistritz fell to King Wenzel IV as a settled fief, together with the Landstein castle and lordship . He left both lords to his highest court master, the Austrian nobleman Konrad Kraiger von Kraigk . His son Lipold inherited the dominions of Bistritz and Landstein in 1399 . As captain of Budweis he stood on the side of the Catholics at the beginning of the Hussite Wars . Therefore the Hussite army leader Jan Žižka burned Lipold's castle and town of Bistritz in 1420 and took Lipold's wife Anna von Meseritsch and her daughter Dorothea prisoner. After Lipold's death in 1433, Bistritz came to his brother's son Wolf Kraiger von Kraigk. He was a supporter of the Utraquists and resided mainly at the castle in Bistritz. In 1482 he confirmed the previous privileges to the city of Bistritz. Bistritz, which was destroyed during the Hussite Wars, was rebuilt under his rule. Then the place name "Neufistritz / Neubistritz" became common. After Wolf's death in 1491, his son Konrad took over the rule of Neubistritz. In 1513 he sold it to his brother's son Wolf, who was accepted into the gentry class by Emperor Ferdinand I and appointed burgrave of Prague.

The Reformation spread in the 16th century . After Wolf's death in 1554, his sons Wilhelm and Jan inherited the rule of Neubistritz. After both died without offspring, their indebted rule came to Johann the Elder in 1575. Ä. von Lobkowitz ( Jan starší z Lobkovic ). At that time, the rulership of Neubistritz consisted of Albeř, Žišpachy, Kutbrun ( Dobra Voda ), Klenová, Artoleč, Peršlák, Lhota, Koproun, Kuňov, Romanova and the settlements Rejchýřov and Klášter. In 1602 Neubistritz came to Disiderius Proskovský von Proskov, who two years later sold it to the Imperial Councilor Radoslav Kinsky von Wchynitz and Tettau. He confirmed the previous privileges and granted the subjects the right to revert . In 1607 a fire destroyed large parts of the city and the castle.

In 1615, Lucie Otýlie von Neuhaus acquired the rule of Neubistritz. She was a sister of Joachim Ulrich von Neuhaus , with whom in 1604 the Witigon family branch of the Lords of Neuhaus died out. Since 1602 she was married to Wilhelm Slavata , with whom she had four sons. She called the first cloth weavers from Iglau to Neubistritz. For the wedding of her son Adam Paul with Maria Margarethe von Eggenberg in 1626 she gave him the lordships of Neubistritz and Chlumec . Although he was left by Maria Margaretha on the day of the wedding, he no longer married. He resided at Neubistritz Castle and appointed miners from Saxony because of the suspected silver deposits . After Adam Paul's death, Neubistritz inherited his brother's son Ferdinand Wilhelm Slavata, who already owned Platz and Teltsch . Since he held the office of royal governor , he stayed most of the time in Prague, where he died in 1673. He was followed by his brother Johann Georg ( Jan Jiří ), who died in 1689. In 1693 Neubistritz came to the baron Jan Leopold Ernst von Fünfkirchen , who was married to Maria Anna Countess Couple. After several changes of ownership, Neubistritz acquired Countess Theresie von Trautmannsdorff in 1843 . Other owners were u. a. the Lords of Riese-Stallburg and Friedrich von Schönburg-Waldenburg . He sold Neubistritz in 1909 to the Viennese Kern family who, after the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918, lost part of their property through the subsequent land reform . Most of the land was distributed to Czech farmers and new settlers. Jewish residents also lived in Neubistritz since the beginning of the 19th century. A cemetery was established for them in 1878 and a religious community in 1893.

After the abolition of patrimonial Neubistritz had been the seat of a judicial district since 1850. In the 19th century, linen and cotton factories , which at times employed more than 1,500 workers, were of economic importance . At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, many people emigrated to America . In 1929 the brewery was shut down.

One of the successor states of Austria-Hungary after the First World War , 1914-1918, was Czechoslovakia , which claimed the German-speaking areas of Bohemia , Moravia and Austrian Silesia that had been German Austria (later Austria ) since the end of 1918 . The Treaty of St. Germain awarded these disputed territories to Czechoslovakia against the will of the German population there. The city of Neubistritz, 96% of the inhabitants of which were German-Austrians in 1910, fell to the new state.

In the interwar period , measures such as the 1919 land reform , the 1926 language ordinance, resettlements and new appointments to civil servants' posts by members of the Czech ethnic group led to increased tensions throughout the country. When the autonomy demanded by the Sudeten Germans was not negotiated and armed conflict threatened, the Western powers induced the Czech government to cede the peripheral areas to Germany. This was regulated in the Munich Agreement . On October 1, 1938, Neubistritz formed its own district , which belonged to the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War , the request of the ČSR government Beneš was met by the victorious powers and the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement were reassigned to Czechoslovakia . On May 28, 1945, militant Czechs began, systematically and at the same time as the surrounding towns, with the “wild” expulsion of German citizens across the border into Austria. In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqués (conference). At this point in time all German Austrians had already been expelled from Neubistritz . According to the Beneš Decree 108, the property of the German residents as well as the public and church German property were confiscated and placed under state administration.

After the communists took over power in Czechoslovakia in 1948, the area of ​​Nová Bystřice was declared a political restricted area because of its proximity to the border with Austria and was located at the so-called Iron Curtain . Subsequently, numerous houses and farms in the border villages were left to decay. After the political change in 1989, measures were taken to expand the infrastructure. This gave tourism an economic importance. The textile company Alma Ltd, which employed around 400 workers in the 1990s, was shut down in 2007.

Coat of arms and seal

The coat of arms that Wolfgang Kraiger von Kraig awarded on October 20, 1482 on behalf of the king to 'His faithful in Newen Vistericz' ... 'The Justice of Prague' does not include the award of a city coat of arms. Regardless of this, there has been no change since then. At the same time as the aforementioned town charter from 1482, Neubistritz was also renewed the right to keep a seal .

Registries have been kept since 1664

Paulaner monastery

Paulaner monastery

On June 24th 1501 Konrad Kraiger von Kraigk donated the Paulaner monastery "Heilbrunn" ( Sana cella ), east of Neubistritz, and donated a forest near Albern to him. In 1533 the monastery was destroyed by Anabaptists . During the reign of the Slavata, the monastery was renovated in 1626 and the baroque Trinity Church was built in 1668–1682 according to plans by Giovanni Domenico Orsi de Orsini and Francesco Caratti .

As part of the Josephine reforms , the monastery was secularized in 1785. The monastery buildings were destroyed in the 1950s.

Population development

With the suburbs Fichtau, Schäferei, Tiergarten

census	Houses	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year			German	Czechs	other
1790	244
1842	368	3,450
1880	499	3,692	3,548	129	15th
1890	495	3,430	3,343	70	17th
1900	505	3.215	3,181	27	7th
1910	509	3,218	3,074	124	20th
1921	535	2,802	2,385	240	177
1930	564	2,665	2,229	313	123
1939		2,824
Sources: Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The districts of Neubistritz and Zlabings from AZ. 2008
Statistickỳ lexikon obcí České Republiky 1992, Praha 1994

Community structure

The municipality Nová Bystřice consists of the districts

• Albeř ( Albern ) with Terezín ( Theresienthal )
• Artolec ( Artholz )
• Blato (until 1956 Žišpachy , German Sichelbach )
• Hradiště ( Castle Stables )
• Hůrky ( freedom of Adam )
• Klášter ( monastery ) with Klášter I ( monastery ), Klášter II ( Konrads ) and Mýtinky ( Braunschlag )
• Klenová ( linen tree ) with Klenovské samoty
• Nová Bystřice ( Neubistritz ) with Mnich ( Münichschlag ) and Za Mnišským rybníkem or Obora ( Thiergarten )
• Nový Vojířov, (formerly Český Peršlag or Peršlák ; German Bohemian Bernschlag )
• Ovčárna ( sheep farm )
• Senotín ( Zinolten )
• Skalka ( Gebharz ) and
• Smrčná ( Fichtau ).

Basic settlement units are Albeř, Artolec, Blato, Hradiště, Hůrky, Klášter I, Klášter II, Klenová, Mnich, Mýtinky, Nová Bystřice, Nový Vojířov, Ovčárna, Senotín, Skalka, Smrčnámý and Za Mnišský.

The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Albeř, Artolec, Blato u Hůrek, Hradiště u Nové Bystřice, Hůrky, Klášter, Klenová u Hůrek, Konrac ( Konrads ), Mnich u Nové Bystříice, Nová Bystovice, Nové Bystříice , Nové Bystřice, Nové Bystřice .

Town twinning

• Heidenreichstein , Austria

Attractions

• Landštejn Castle
• Fountain in the town square from 1656
• Jewish cemetery , 500 meters north of the city
• Museum of Czechoslovak Fortifications
• Neuhauser Lokalbahn (JHMD), operates regular passenger and freight traffic on the narrow-gauge railway to Jindřichův Hradec (gauge 760 mm)
• Plague column and fountain with the statue of Saint Luke
• Parish church of St. Peter and Paul was built in 1355 and rebuilt in the Baroque style after the Thirty Years War
• The renaissance facade of the town hall dates from 1654
• Nová Bystřice Castle was built in the 16th century on the site of a castle from the 13th century
• St. Katharina Church was built in 1585 by Wilhelm Kraiger von Kraigk in the Renaissance style. It initially served as a cemetery church and was rebuilt in 1685.
• City walls
• Stone of the Republic in front of the former Peršlák barracks from 1938.

sons and daughters of the town

• Bernhard Merth (1864–1922), educator. Author of language books.
• Josef Mauczka (1872–1917), university professor in Chernivtsi and Prague.
• Paula Müller-Lützenburger (1888–1951), assistant at the Vienna Art Academy, flower and landscape painter
• Emil Garhofer (1889–1961), President of the Chamber of Commerce
• Ferdinand Chaloupek (1900–1988), member of the National Council
• Hans Hadam (1913–1998), local history researcher
• Gerhard Swoboda (1923–1974), painter and graphic artist
• Ingild Janda-Busl (* 1941), author and doctor

literature

• Franz Kolmann: Chronicle of Neubistritz, 1867, new edition Znaim 1939
• Hans Hadam: Neubistritz. History of the city and the former rule, Stuttgart, 1981.
• Georg Dehio, Karl Ginhart : Handbook of the German art monuments in the Ostmark, Verlag Schroll now Berger, 1943.
• Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 .
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia Verlag Maurer, Geislingen / Steige. Neubistritz p. 22, 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 ,
• Walfried Blaschka, Gerald Frodl: The districts of Neubistritz and Zlabings from A – Z, on behalf of the South Moravian Landscape Council in Geislingen / Steige, Neubistritz 91f. 2008
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Verlag Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , Neubistritz: 206, 208, 348, 349, 352-354, 364, 366, 371, 468, 469, 491, 509, 539, 544, 573 -576.
• Alfred Schickel: The expulsion of the German population from Czechoslovakia: history, background, reviews. Ed .: Federal Ministry for Displaced Persons and Refugees, Documentation, ISBN 3-89182-014-3
• Felix Ermacora : The Sudeten German Questions . Legal opinion, on behalf of the Bavarian State Government. Publisher: Langen Müller, 1992, ISBN 3-7844-2412-0

Web links

Commons : Nová Bystřice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website (cz)
• Stone of the Republic
• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/546798/Nova-Bystrice
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
3. ^ Leopold Kleindienst: Die Siedlungsformen, rural building and material culture in South Moravia , 1989, p. 9, ISBN 3-927498-09-2
4. ↑ Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. Knee, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-927498-19-X .
5. ↑ http://www.planet-wissen.de/kultur/mitteleuropa/geschichte_tschechiens/pwiedeutscheintschechien100.html
6. ↑ Valentin Schmidt and Alois Picha: Document book of the city of Krummau in Bohemia . I. Volume. 1253-1419. Prague 1908, pp. 2 and 5.
7. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The districts of Neubistritz and Zlabings from A – Z. South Moravian Landscape Council. Page 91f. 2008
8. ^ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace: St. Germain and the consequences; 1919-1989 , Amalthea Verlag, Vienna, Munich, 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X
9. ^ Fritz Peter Habel: Documents on the Sudeten Question , Langen Müller, 1984, ISBN 3-7844-2038-9 , Land reform in the ČSR, 1918 to 1938. P. 471
10. ^ Wolfgang Brügel: Czechs and Germans 1918 - 1938 , Munich 1967
11. ↑ O. Kimminich: The assessment of the Munich Agreement in the Prague Treaty and in the literature on international law published on it , Munich 1988
12. ↑ http://territorial.de/ndrdonau/neubistr/landkrs.htm
13. ↑ http://territorial.de/ndrdonau/rgnddona.htm
14. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty . Wilhelm Heyne Verlag, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
15. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume III. Maurer, Geislingen / Steige 2001, Neubistritz. ISBN 3-927498-27-0 .
16. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria 1945/46 , diploma thesis for obtaining the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995, page 77
17. ^ Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian municipalities , South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige, 1992, Neubistritz 151f, ISBN 3-927498-16-5 .
18. ^ Neuhaus district archive , Sign. A 118
19. ^ Coat of arms on the town hall of Neubistritz
20. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/546798/Obec-Nova-Bystrice
21. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/546798/Obec-Nova-Bystrice
22. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/546798/Obec-Nova-Bystrice
23. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated August 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.