Hůrky (Nová Bystřice)

Hůrky
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Jihočeský kraj
District :	Jindřichův Hradec
Municipality :	Nová Bystřice
Area :	229 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 3 '  N , 15 ° 8'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 2 '58 "  N , 15 ° 8' 3"  E
Height:	672  m nm
Residents :	178 (March 1, 2001)
Postal code :	378 33
License plate :	C.
traffic
Street:	Nová Bystřice - Senotín
Railway connection:	Jindřichův Hradec - Nová Bystřice

Town view from the southeast

Hůrky (German: Adamfrey , also called mine ) is a district of Nová Bystřice ( Neubistritz ) in Okres Jindřichův Hradec ( Neuhaus district ) in South Bohemia . It belongs to the Bohemian Canada Nature Park . The place is laid out as a longitudinal tangler village.

history

The place was founded in the Schönteichgau in 1634 by the owner of the Neuhaus estate , Count Adam Paul Slavata of Chlum and Koschumberg (1603–1657). He settled miners from Saxony and gave Adamfrey the privileges of a mining town, including a seal and coat of arms. The local residents were exempt from robots, contributions, military service and billeting and were allowed to serve beer and wine without taxes. In 1659 all rights were confirmed by Ferdinand Wilhelm Slawata. Since the copper and sulfur deposits soon proved to be unproductive, mining was finally stopped in 1690 and the town was downgraded to a market town. In the 18th century the inhabitants lived mainly from weaving and lace making, which were sold as far as Hungary. From 1729 the children of Adam's freedom were taught in the village, before that they were schooled in Zinolten . The parish registers of the place be performed since the year 1769th Since relatively little agriculture was practiced in the community, there was an emigration of residents over the years. To prevent this, under Emperor Josef II, a colony of Adam's freedom was built from the property of the dissolved Paulan monastery, which was named a monastery .

In the 19th century, more and more area of ​​the community was used for arable farming. A new school building, which was built in 1797, had to be demolished and rebuilt in 1858. Around 1840 cotton weaving began in the village, where 300 residents found their income. Because of the textile production already established here, a factory for ribbon weaving was built in 1891. When it was connected to the rail network in 1898, Adams Freiheit experienced an economic boom. This was a narrow-gauge railway built in 1897 from Nová Bystřice to Jindřichův Hradec ( Neubistritz to Neuhaus ), which is still in operation. In 1900 a major fire destroyed the local church. From 1902 onwards, embroidery was also produced in homework. Because of its height above sea level, Adam's Freedom was the snowiest place in the district. The inhabitants of Adam Freedom only partly lived from cattle and agriculture, whereby the viticulture cultivated further in the east of South Moravia played no role due to the climate and the nature of the soil in Adam Freedom. In addition to small businesses and the housework (knitting, weaving) carried out in Adams Freiheit, there was also a ribbon weaving mill and a Raiffeisenkassa in the village. The annual fairs always took place on the Monday after the apostles division (July 15th) and after Raphael (September 29th).

After the First World War and the Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919, the place, of which 99.6% of the inhabitants belonged to the German language group in 1910, became part of the new Czechoslovak Republic . Settlers and newly filled civil servant posts have led to an increase in the influx of people belonging to the Czech language. The place was electrified in 1929. After the Munich Agreement , the place came to the German Reich in 1938 and became part of the Reichsgau Niederdonau .

After the end of the Second World War - which claimed 21 victims among the local residents - the territories transferred to Germany in the Munich Agreement were reassigned to Czechoslovakia . On May 28, 1945 the place was occupied by a group of militant Czechs, at the same time and system as the surrounding communities. A group of hostages was taken and 393 German Moravians and finally the hostages were driven across the border into Austria. In August 1945 the victorious powers determined the post-war order in the Potsdam Communiqué (conference). The last five families held back to train Czech workers in ribbon weaving were forcibly evacuated in 1946 . The assets of the Germans were confiscated by the Beneš Decree 108 . The Catholic Church in the communist era expropriated . The local residents expelled to Austria were transferred to Germany with the exception of approx. 25%, in accordance with the original transfer goals of the Potsdam communiqué. One person each emigrated to Canada or to another European country.

1985 Hůrky was incorporated into Nová Bistřice.

Coat of arms and seal

The oldest known market seal dates from 1636. It shows a shield with two diagonally crossed mountain hammers inside a romanization. These are covered with a five-petalled rose. Around this time, the identical but larger court seal of Adam's freedom was created.

Coat of arms: With the seal, a coat of arms was also given to the place. It shows a black mine symbol in the gold shield. Above it lies a five-petalled blue rose with golden clusters.

Population development

census	Total population	Ethnicity of the inhabitants
year		German	Czechs	Other
1880	486	479	7th	0
1890	474	473	0	1
1900	449	449	0	0
1910	511	509	2	0
1921	421	400	1	20th
1930	413	393	3	17th
1991	157
2001	178

Attractions

• Parish church of St. Jacob the Elder, in front of it a chapel from 1732, rebuilt in 1816, burned down in 1900 and rebuilt. Side altars by Mathias Neubauer.
• Chapel of John of Nepomuk (18th century)
• War memorial
• Pilgrimage Chapel Maria Schutz (1841)

Sons and daughters of the place

Franz Schäffer (1900–1971) writer, director of the Krahuletz Museum

literature

• Franz Wondrak: History of the market Adam's freedom. Part 1: The development of the place and its first beginnings. Bibus, Neubistritz 1937.
• Festschrift for the 300th anniversary of the market town of Adamfrey from July 17th to 19th, 1937. Festive committee for the 300th anniversary, Adamfrey 1937.
• Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1990, ISBN 3-927498-13-0 , p. 1.
• Bruno Kaukal: The coats of arms and seals of the South Moravian communities. In the home districts of Neubistritz, Zlabings, Nikolsburg and Znaim. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 1992, ISBN 3-927498-16-5 , p. 22.
• Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 366 f . (Adam's freedom).
• Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen / Steige 2008, p. 26.

Web links

• Cultural database of displaced persons

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi/649601/Hurky
2. ↑ ^{a b} Vincenz Robert Widimsky: City coat of arms of the Austrian imperial state. Volume 1: Kingdom of Bohemia. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1864, p. 6 .
3. ↑ Felix Ermacora : The unreached peace. St. Germain and the Consequences. 1919-1989. Amalthea, Vienna et al. 1989, ISBN 3-85002-279-X .
4. ^ Johann Wolfgang Brügel : Czechs and Germans. 1918-1938. Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, Munich 1967.
5. ↑ Gerald Frodl, Walfried Blaschka: The district of Neubistritz (South Bohemia) and the Zlabingser Ländchen from A to Z. 2008, p. 28.
6. ^ Charles L. Mee : The Potsdam Conference 1945. The division of the booty (= Heyne story. 32). Wilhelm Heyne, Munich 1979. ISBN 3-453-48060-0 .
7. ↑ Cornelia Znoy: The expulsion of the Sudeten Germans to Austria in 1945/46. With special consideration of the federal states of Vienna and Lower Austria. Vienna 1995, (Diploma thesis to obtain the master’s degree in philosophy, Faculty of Humanities at the University of Vienna, 1995; typed).
8. ^ Alfred Schickel, Gerald Frodl: History of South Moravia. Volume 3. The history of the German South Moravians from 1945 to the present . South Moravian Landscape Council, Geislingen an der Steige 2001, ISBN 3-927498-27-0 , p. 366 f . (Adam's freedom).
9. ^ Archives of the National Museum in Prague
10. ^ Josef Bartoš, Jindřich Schulz, Miloš Trapl: Historický místopis Moravy a Slezska v letech 1848–1960. Volume 9: Okresy Znojmo, Moravský Krumlov, Hustopeče, Mikulov. Profil, Ostrava 1984.
11. ↑ http://www.czso.cz/csu/2009edicniplan.nsf/t/010028D080/$File/13810901.pdf
12. ^ Karl Ginhart : Handbook of German art monuments in the Ostmark . Volume 1: Vienna and Lower Danube. 2nd, revised edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag ao, Berlin ao 1941, p. 141.
13. ^ Felix Bornemann: Arts and Crafts in South Moravia. 1990, p. 1