Okres České Budějovice
| Okres České Budějovice | |
|---|---|
| Kraj | Jihočeský kraj |
| surface | 1,638.51 km² |
|
Inhabitants • Population density |
194,585 ( January 1, 2019 ) 110 inhabitants / km² |
|
Municipalities • of which cities • of which Městyse |
109 9 3 |
| LAU 1 | CZ0311 |
|
Vehicle registration number (issued until 2001) |
CB, CE |
|
|
The České Budějovice (short form: Budějovice) is a city in Czech Republic . It is located in the South Bohemian Region and contains 109 municipalities. The district extends over a total area of 1,638 km².
geography
location
The district borders on all other districts of South Bohemia (from west to north to south - Český Krumlov, Prachatice , Strakonice , Písek , Tábor , Jindřichův Hradec ). It borders on Austria to the southeast. The length of the state border is 22 kilometers.
surface
Okres České Budějovice with its current size was created in 1960. With an area of 1638 km², it is the second largest district in South Bohemia and the tenth largest in the Czech Republic. 53% of the total area of the district is used for agriculture, 32% are forests, 5.6% are water areas and 1.4% is built on. The trend is currently towards further development of the agriculturally used areas and their forest cover.
landscape
Most of the area consists of a hilly landscape. The central part is the Budweiser Pan , which is part of the South Bohemian valley basin and merges into the Gratzener Bergland in the southeast . The northern area is slightly wavy, the southern part merges into the foothills. The highest mountain is Vysoká in the Gratzener Bergland (1,034 m nm ). The lowest point is in the Vltava valley near Týn nad Vltavou (343 m above sea level). The mean sea level is around 500 m above sea level.
Bodies of water and forests
The high proportion of water bodies is characteristic of the district. In earlier times, up to 300 ponds were managed in these areas. The best known is the Bezdrev near Zliv . The Vltava flows from south to north and is mainly fed by the Malše and Lužnice near Týn nad Vltavou. The dam near Římov on the Malše supplies a large part of southern Bohemia with drinking water. The Vltava dam near Hněvkovice was built to supply the Temelín nuclear power plant . Most of the rivers and streams in the district belong to the "polluted" category.
The forests are of great importance as a supplier of raw materials for wood and a natural regulator of the climate and the water balance. Most of the mixed forests are in the southern and northern parts of the district.
climate
The district has a colder climate with an annual average temperature of 7 to 8 ° C. The mean amount of precipitation moves from 400 to 2,100 mm / m². 25% of the precipitation falls in spring, 40% in summer, 20% in autumn and 15% in winter.
cities and communes
Adamov ( Adamstadt ) - Bečice ( Betschitz ) - Borek ( Bida ) - Borovany ( Forbes ) - Borovnice ( Borownitz ) - Boršov nad Vltavou ( Payreschau ) - Bošilec ( Boschiletz ) - Branišov ( Branischen ) - Břehov ( Schwiehalm ) - Čakov ( Groß Cekau ) - Čejkovice ( Tschejkowitz ) - Čenkov u Bechyně - České Budějovice ( Budweis ) - Čížkrajice ( sitting in a circle ) - Dasný ( Kronfellern ) - Dívčice ( Diwtschitz ) - Dobrá Voda České Budějovice ( Gutwasser ) - Dobšice ( Dobschitz ) - Dolní Bukovsko ( Unterbukowsko ) - Doubravice ( Daubrawitz ) - Doudleby ( Teindles ) - Drahotěšice ( Drahoteschitz ) - Dražíč ( Draschitz ) - Dříteň ( Zirnau ) - Dubičné ( Dubiken ) - Dubné ( Duben ) - Dynín ( Dinin ) - Habří - Hartmanice ( Hartmanice ) - Heřmaň ( Hermannsdorf ) - Hlavatce ( Hlawatetz ) - Hlincová Hora ( Pfaffendorf ) - Hluboka nad Vltavou ( Frauenberg ) - Homole ( bumblebees ) - Horní Kněžeklady ( upper Knischeklad ) - Horní Stropnice ( Strobnitz ) - Hosín ( Hosin ) - Hosty ( Hosty ) - Hradce ( Prabsch ) - Hra nice ( Julienhain ) - Hrdějovice ( Hartowitz ) - Hůry ( Hurr ) - Hvozdec ( Hwostetz ) - Chotýčany ( Schmiedgraben ) - Chrášťany ( Chrastan ) - Jankov ( Jankau ) - Jílovice ( Jilowitz ) - Jivno ( Gieben ) - Kamenná ( Sacherles ) - Kamenný Újezd ( Steinkirchen ) - Komařice ( Komarschitz ) - Kvítkovice ( Kwitkowitz ) - Ledenice ( Ledenice ) - Libín ( Libin ) - Libníč ( Libnitsch ) - Lipí ( lips ) - Lišov ( Lischau ) - Litvínovice ( Leitnowitz ) - Ločenice ( Lotschenitz ) - Mazelov ( Mazalow ) - Mladošovice ( Mladoschowitz ) - Modrá Hůrka ( Blue Hurka ) - Mokrý Lom - Mydlovary ( Mydlowar ) - Nákří ( Nakersch ) - Nedabyle ( Hables ) - Neplachov ( Neplachow ) - Nová Ves ( Neudorf ) - Nové Hrady ( Gratzen ) - Olešnice ( Elexnitz ) - Olešník ( Wolleschnik ) - Ostrolovský Újezd ( Aujest Ostrolow ) - Petříkov ( Petersin ) - Pištín ( Pischtin ) - Planá ( plan ) - Plav ( Plaben ) - Radošovice ( Roschowitz ) - Roudné ( Ruden ) Rudolfov ( Rudolfstadt ) - Římov ( Rimau ) - Sedlec ( Selz ) - Slavč e ( Slabsch ) - Srubec ( Strups ) - Stare Hodějovice ( Hodowitz ) - Strážkovice ( Straschkowitz ) - Strýčice ( Stritschitz ) - Střížov ( Dries village ) - Svatý Jan nad Malší ( Lotschenitz ) - Ševětín ( Schewetin ) - Štěpánovice ( Stepanowitz ) - Temelín ( Groß Temelin ) - Trhové Sviny ( Schweinitz ) - Týn nad Vltavou ( Moldauthein ) - Úsilné ( Woselno ) - Včelná ( Bienendorf ) - Vidov ( Repoland ) - Vitín ( Wittine ) - Vlkov ( Wilkow ) - Vrábče ( Prabs ) - Vráto ( Brod ) - Všemyslice ( Schemeslitz ) - Záboří ( Saborz ) - Zahájí ( Sehaj ) - Závraty ( Zawraten ) - Zliv ( Sliw ) - Zvíkov ( Zwikow ) - Žabovřesky ( Schabowres ) - Žár ( Sohors ) - Žimutice ( Schimutitz )
The smallest place (also in the whole of the Czech Republic) is Vlkov with 24 inhabitants.
history
The earliest human settlement in the area occurred in the Bronze Age . The first Slavic peoples settled around 800 mainly in the area along the Malsch ( Pomalší ). The oldest written evidence from 1008 mentions the village of Doudleby . This place then belonged to the Slavnikids . At the end of the 12th century, the communities Borovany , Olešnice , Mohuřlce, Něchov, Todně and Žár were mentioned. Most of the settlement took place in the 13th and 14th centuries. The royal city of Budweis, which was founded in March 1265 by the Bohemian King Přemysl Ottokar II , was important from the beginning .
After the revolution of 1848/1849 in the Austrian Empire , the so-called politický okres was founded on February 1, 1850, with its seat in Budweis.
In 1960 the Okres České Budějovice was created by merging the former districts of České Budějovice, Trhové Sviny and Týn nad Vltavou . In addition, there were individual communities from the former districts of Třeboň , Kaplice , Český Krumlov , Vodňany and Soběslav .
On January 1, 2007, the municipality Čenkov u Bechyně came from the Okres Tábor and the municipality Dražíč from the Okres Písek .
population
The district includes 9 cities and a little over 100 municipalities, in which a total of about 181 thousand people live. This makes the district one of the most populous in South Bohemia and the seventh largest in the Czech Republic. The population density of 110 inhabitants / km² is also the highest in the district. The areas of České Budějovice, Rudolfov , Hluboká nad Vltavou and Zliv are most densely populated, followed by the area around Týn nad Vltavou and Trhové Sviny. The lowest population density is recorded in the Novohradec area, which is due to the settlement of the villages along the state border under the communist regime. About ¾ of the residents live in cities, the majority in České Budějovice (55%). In the long term, the number of residents in the district has been decreasing since 1961. In the last ten years, however, the immigration balance has improved (+487), but the birth balance is negative (−84). The average age in the region is 38.4 years, which is the same as the district average.
Politics and Social
education
The largest proportion of schools, health services, cultural and sports institutions are concentrated in the cities; especially on České Budějovice, Týn nad Vltavou and Trhové Sviny. There are 88 kindergartens with around 5000 children, 56 elementary schools with 18,000 pupils, 10 high schools (3500 pupils), 17 technical schools (4000 pupils), 14 training centers (5000 pupils), 5 technical colleges (5000 pupils) in the district. There is also the South Bohemian University with a focus on agriculture, education, biology, theology and health care with around 5500 students.
research
Six research centers of the Academy of Sciences are located in České Budějovice . Research is carried out in the areas of entomology , hydrobiology , parasitology , landscape ecology, molecular biology and soil biology.
Healthcare
Basic medical care is provided by a hospital with 1,500 beds, 4 polyclinics, 119 general practitioners, 84 paediatricians, 118 stomatologists, 30 gynecologists, 155 specialists and 84 other facilities. There are also 42 pharmacies.
Social affairs
There are six old people's homes with 700 beds, 2 pensions for pensioners with 276 beds and 8 other facilities with 185 beds in the district. Recently, the number of care facilities has been growing. There are currently 18 houses with 753 apartments. The total capacity of the social institutions can currently accommodate 7% of the population over 65 years of age.
environment
Although the situation has improved significantly in the last ten years, the district is one of the areas with the highest concentration of emissions . The Vltava and the other rivers are also polluted. The Malše was one of the cleanest rivers.
economy
Natural resources
The district has few natural resources. Only the mining of graphite near Týn nad Vltavou, building raw materials ( granite , quartz and sand ) and peat are significant .
Companies
In 2001 around 40,000 companies were registered in the district, 32,000 of which were partnerships. Around 1000 companies come from abroad. Out of 926,000 employees subject to social security contributions are in the economic sectors: 25.5% industry, 14.8% education and training, 11.7% trade and repairs, 11.4% health and social services, 10.8% construction. The average monthly wage in 2001 was CZK 15,178 (around EUR 500). This puts the district in first place in the region and 23rd in the Czech Republic. The economic structure, tourism and a high number of self-employed have a positive influence on the economic development of the district. With 4.6% unemployment, the district has the lowest unemployment rate in the Czech Republic (average: 8.9%). The highest unemployment rate is in the poorly developed area of Neubug (Novohradsko).
The products of some companies are also known worldwide, e.g. B. Bier Budvar or pencils Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth . Construction of the Temelín nuclear power plant began in the early 1990s.
Industry
The food industry, especially the production of beer, as well as metal processing, pencil production, the building materials industry and mechanical engineering make up the largest economic share. The industrial center is České Budějovice, further Týn nad Vltavou, Zliv, Borovany, Lišově, Ledenice and Trhové Sviny.
tourism
The landscape and nature attract many visitors from the Czech Republic and abroad to the district. In 2001 155 thousand tourists (48% from abroad) visited the district. The average length of stay was four days. Due to the proximity to Germany and Austria, there are still numerous day tourists to be recorded. The former military airfield Planá has been sponsored by the Okres and the city of České Budějovice since 2006 and is to be expanded into an international airport.
traffic
Okres České Budějovice belongs to the area with a high density of traffic both by road and rail. The problem is that the district is poorly developed from the infrastructure. This hinders the growth of the economy. The infrastructure in the northern part is better developed than in the rest of the district. The most important arteries are the road connections Dolní Dvořiště - České Budějovice - Praha (E 55) and Třeboň - České Budějovice - Plzeň (E 49). All other roads are only of regional importance. A border crossing was opened in Gratzen . The rail network consists of four important connections: České Budějovice - Praha, České Velenice - České Budějovice - Plzeň, České Budějovice - Horní Dvořiště, České Budějovice - Volary.
Culture and leisure
Cultural institutions
There are cultural institutions mainly in the cities; in the smaller towns this is mostly limited to libraries, of which there are 167 in the district. There are also 12 museums and 36 galleries. The South Bohemian Theater, the South Bohemian Museum and the South Bohemian Gallery in Alš have a prominent position.
Attractions
The Hluboká Castle , the former hunting lodge Ohrada and the Nové Hrady Castle with an exhibition of old glass are worth seeing . Of religious institutions dates back to the Romanesque little church of Hosín , the oldest church building in the region. There are also many churches in the Gothic (Dolní Bukovsko, Doudleby, Ševětín, Budweis Dominican Monastery ) and Baroque (Trhový Sviny, Dobrá Voda, Týn nad Vltavou).
The architectural monuments include many town buildings in České Budějovice, the city center of which is a historical monument reserve.
The original folklore architecture has been preserved in a number of villages, especially in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Holašovice , in Bavorovice and Munice (districts of Hluboká nad Vltavou ), Malé Chrášťany a Plástovice (districts of Sedlec ), Mazelov , Radošovice , Vitín and Záboíř .
Museums
The way of life of the population is best shown in the museum in České Budějovice (local history museum, motorcycle museum), in Týn nad Vltavou (local history exhibition, stone collections), in Vrábče (information about the Temelín nuclear power plant), in Purkarec ( rafting museum on the Vltava), in Rudolfov (mining museum), in Lišová (game machines), in Žumberk (folklore furniture) and Buškův hamr (water-powered machine shop).
Natural monuments
A large number of natural monuments have been preserved in the area. The most important and most visited are the Červené blato nature reserve (331 hectares of moorland) and the Terčino údolí natural monument (park landscape from the 18th century), both near Nové Hrady .
leisure
As sports facilities, there are 12 covered stadiums, 30 swimming pools, 320 sports fields, 81 gyms, 6 winter stadiums and a number of other facilities.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/okres/3301/Ceske-Budejovice
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/okres/3301/Ceske-Budejovice
- ↑ a b okres České Budějovice . In: Scientifically edited online encyclopedia encyklopedie.c-budejovice.cz about Budweis (Czech).
Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ' N , 14 ° 32' E