Mydlovary
| Mydlovary | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
|
||||
| Region : | Jihočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | České Budějovice | ||||
| Area : | 412 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 5 ' N , 14 ° 21' E | ||||
| Height: | 405 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 304 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 373 49 | ||||
| License plate : | C. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Dívčice - Zahájí | ||||
| Railway connection: | České Budějovice – Plzeň | ||||
| Next international airport : | České Budějovice Airport | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Petr Ciglbauer (as of: 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Mydlovary 61 373 49 Mydlovary |
||||
| Municipality number: | 535281 | ||||
| Website : | www.mydlovary.cz | ||||
| Location of Mydlovary in the České Budějovice district | |||||
|
|||||
.JPG)
.JPG)
Mydlovary (German Mydlowar , formerly Midlowar ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located three kilometers north of Zliv and belongs to the Okres České Budějovice .
geography
Mydlovary is located in the Zbudovská Blata, part of the Budweiser Basin ( Českobudějovická pánev ) in the headwaters of the Mydlovarský creek. The Olešnický vrch (499 m) rises to the east. To the southeast is the Mydlovary thermal power station, behind it the Mydlovarský rybník pond. To the north are the remaining holes of several lignite opencast mines , which last served as sewage sumps for uranium processing and are heavily contaminated. In the northwest is the area of the MAPE. The railway line České Budějovice – Plzeň runs to the west, and the Zbudov railway station is also located there .
Neighboring towns are Velice and Olešník in the north, Chlumec in the Northeast, Zahájí the east, Křivonoska and Munice the southeast, Zliv , Pištín, překážka and Pasica the south, Plástovice, Sedlec , Sedlecký Dvůr and Lékařova Lhota in the southwest, Zbudov the west and Dívčice and Nákří in the northwest.
history
The first written mention of the village belonging to the Frauenberg lordship was in 1352. King Vladislav II Jagiello granted Mydlovary and eight other Blata villages special privileges because of the sterile soils. After Adam II von Neuhaus curtailed the privileges of the villages of the Vladislavská blata who were subordinate to Frauenberg by raising orphan's money, an open rebellion broke out in the Blata in April 1581, which was bloodily suppressed. In 1835 Midlowar consisted of 28 houses with 214 inhabitants. There was an inn in the village. The parish was Zahay . Until the middle of the 19th century the village remained subject to the Frauenberg lordship belonging to the Prince Schwarzenberg .
After the abolition of patrimonial Mydlovary formed from 1850 with the district Zahájí a municipality in the district administration Budějovice / Budweis. In 1910 there were 680 Czechs and seven Germans living in the municipality; the district of Mydlovary had 309 Czech-speaking residents. In 1920 Zahájí broke away from Mydlovary and formed its own community. On June 14, 1964 it was incorporated into Dívčice. With almost 400 inhabitants, the place reached the highest population in its history in 1968. Since November 24, 1990, Mydlovary has again formed its own parish. In 2006 Mydlovary took third place in the "Village of the Year" competition.
Mining and industry
Lignite mining
After a large brown coal deposit had been discovered under the village and the surrounding area , the first mining attempts began in 1836 . Regular mining operations did not start until 1910. With the opening of the Svatopluk open pit mine , large-scale lignite mining began between 1917 and 1918. Later, with the mines Václav and Pavel, other open-cast mines were added. After the depletion of the lignite reserves north of the village became foreseeable in the 1950s, plans to relocate Mydlovary and mine it under the village were drawn up, but dropped again. In 1973 lignite mining was completely stopped.
Elektrárna Mydlovary
In 1922, the Mydlovary Power Plant ( Elektrárna Mydlovary EMy) started operations, producing electrical energy from inferior but cheap lignite. Within 20 years, this has grown into the largest power generator in South Bohemia with an output of 100 MW.
After the lignite mines were exhausted, the power plant was converted to lignite from the Falkenau basin . With the commissioning of the MAPE, the power plant took over its heat supply. In 1967 the power plant also took over the district heating supply for the city of Zliv. In order to improve the heat supply in the city of Budweis , the longest district heating pipeline in Czechoslovakia (15 kilometers) was built, which went into operation in 1974.
In 1998 the power plant stopped producing electricity. The supply of district heating to České Budějovice ended in 1999. In 2001 the power plant was converted from coal to natural gas. In 2002 part of the power plant was removed with the Esse.
A building permit issued in 2005 for the operators of the thermal power station, Jihočeská energetika as and E.ON Trend sro, to build a waste incineration plant aroused strong resistance in the community. On January 7, 2009, their successor E.ON Energie as abandoned these plans and now intends to build a biomass power plant.
MAPE
From 1959 a chemical processing plant for uranium ore was built . MAPE Mydlovary, the company name is an acronym for magnesium perchlorate, began operations on October 1, 1962, with the charred lignite pits serving as settling basins. At the same time, the power plant for the heat supply of the MAPE was expanded. The processing capacity of the MAPE was gradually increased from originally 300,000 t annually to 600,000 t.
After the political change , ore processing in the MAPE was stopped on November 1, 1991. By then, 16,745,835 t of uranium ore with an average uranium content of 0.184% had been leached via the two main technology lines acidic (3/4) and alkaline (1/4) and the residues had been deposited in the clarifier. The MAPE facilities were then used for other productions until 1994. After the complete closure, the site was divided. The unpolluted western part of the processing was privatized, the other part was renovated and recultivated by DIAMO by 2011.
Located between the villages of Mydlovary, Zahájí, Olešník, Nákří and Dívčice, the 227 hectare site of the uranium sludge ponds of the MAPE is now considered one of the country's greatest environmental hazards. A quarter of it is on the Mydlovary cadastre. The renovation work began in 1996. The completion of the renovation and recultivation work is not foreseeable; it is expected to last between 20 and 50 years. It is forecast that the drainage water to be discharged into the Vltava will be cleaned for 100 years.
Community structure
No districts are designated for the municipality of Mydlovary. The colony U elektrárny belongs to Mydlovary. Basic settlement units are Mydlovary and Mydlovary-u elektrárny.
Attractions
- Chapel of St. Trinity in the village square
- Memorial stone for the fallen of the First World War
- Memorial for the Zbudov judge Jakub Kubata, who was executed in 1581, west of the village at the train station Zbudov on Soudný potok
- Farmsteads in the South Bohemian peasant baroque
Web links
- Description of the contaminated site
- Completion of the rehabilitation and recultation on the processing site
- Dufek, Vladimír: Energetický areál Karolína Mydlovary in Stavební listy
- Presentation on selskebaroko.unas.cz
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/535281/Mydlovary
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer The Kingdom of Bohemia, Vol. 9 Budweiser Kreis, 1840, p. 48
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 30, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.mydlovary.cz/index.php?nid=1416&lid=cs&oid=192001 Spalovna v Mydlovarech nebude
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/535281/Obec-Mydlovary
