Terčino údolí
Terčino údolí (also: Tereziino or Terezino údolí , German: Theresiental ) is a landscape park in the valley of the Strobnitz River in the south of the Czech Republic . The park was laid out in 1756 and decorated in the 19th century in the Romantic style. In the park landscape, native plant species and exposed exotic species mix, the buildings are listed. Theresiental has had the status of a national natural monument since 1949 .
history
The park is located in the valley of the Strobnitz, 1 to 3 kilometers southwest of the town of Nové Hrady . The land belonged to the noble Buquoy family , who first set up a pheasant enclosure here in 1667 . In 1756 the count and secret imperial councilor Johann Nepomuk von Buquoy had an English landscape park laid out with the name Valloncherie at the instigation of his wife Theresia . The gardener Ignác Fnoika directed the work on the originally 68.8 hectare site. The design was based on Jean-Jacques Rousseau's ideas about human society and nature, which were widespread at the time . Based on these ideas, other similar parks were created in Bohemia at that time, for example in Krásný Dvůr , Veltrusy , Vlašim and in the Moravian Lednice .
At the beginning of the 20th century, the park was still relatively well preserved and cared for, as can be seen from Antonín Cechner's description from 1920. In 1915 and 1936 it was badly damaged by floods. The area has been protected as a national natural monument since 1949, and the buildings are listed . Nevertheless, the Theresiental was inadequately maintained during the period of socialism and often with problematic methods. Some buildings have only been restored in the last few years, and some of the smaller architectural elements have completely disappeared. It was not until the 1980s that a retention basin at the edge of the valley protected the area from flooding.
Today the park bears the name of its founder Theresia von Buquoy. Its current size is 138.3 hectares. The site is open to the public. Since 2007, an approximately seven-kilometer-long nature trail with 12 stations has provided information about the nature and history of the Theresiental.
architecture
In front of the park, there were only two buildings on the site: the Gothic castle fortress Cuknštejn and the Hamerský mlýn mill . The festival has belonged to the Buquoys since 1620 and was included in the landscape composition. After the Second World War it was supposed to function as a union rest home, but never fulfilled this function because it was too close to the Iron Curtain - the Austrian border is only four kilometers away. In 2000, the dilapidated structure passed into private ownership and has been restored since then. It will be a cultural center and exhibition space. The mill was redesigned in a neo-Gothic style by the Buquoys in 1860 . It was still in operation in 1930. Today it is a pension.
The owners equipped the park with a number of other structures. You can still enter the park through the entrance gate built in 1797. In the years 1788–1797 the bathhouse in the Empire style , the Wenceslas Building (later Neugebau , Czech Lázničky ) was built. Originally it housed two side wings with utility rooms, a salon, a cabinet, kitchen and toilets as well as the bathroom itself, which was furnished in the style of a stalactite cave . After the Second World War it served as a children's rest home, today it is a ballroom and restaurant. In 1803 the Blue House (Modrý dům) was built, also an Empire building, in which the Countess spent the summer and organized music evenings until 1817 . Damaged in floods in 1915 and 1936, it was never rebuilt and has been in ruins ever since. The Swiss hut from 1852, which offers a panoramic view of Nové Hrady, is used as another guest house.
The landscape composition was complemented by other architectural objects such as pavilions and small “monuments” that were adorned with verses on friendship. Typical elements for the landscape architecture of the Theresiental are water and white. Six white bridges cross the Strobnitz, plus two more in natural colors. Several ponds and an artificial 10 meter high waterfall were created on the small river in 1817 , one of the most famous attractions of the valley.
landscape
The Theresiental is located between the Gratzener Bergland and the Wittingau basin , at an altitude of 490 to 550 m nm. From the waterfall, the Strobnitz flows through a deeply cut rocky gorge, otherwise the terrain is rather flat. The subsoil consists of biotitic orthogneiss and muscovite . Only smaller rock formations come to the surface. The floodplain is filled with sandy clay sediments. Brown earth and gley predominate in the soils .
In the forest, native and exotic species mix. The most important indigenous trees are Scotch pine , spruce , beech , black alder , sycamore , elm , English oak , larch and lime trees . Many oaks are older than the park. The oldest specimen, a summer oak, has a circumference of 730 cm and is around 500 years old. In addition, the park was also filled with exotic trees. At the Blue House , some false cypresses over 15 meters high and the unmistakable solitaire of a plane tree have been preserved, alongside Weymouth pines and Douglas firs , horse chestnuts , copper rock pears and red oaks . In the herb layer outweigh common types such as hair woodrush , blueberry , forest hawkweed and wood anemone . Forest whitefish , forest goat's beard and hare lettuce have settled on the rocky slopes . Among the animal species, the beetles, butterflies and birds are worth mentioning: the hermit lives in old linden and oak trees, the black mountain goat and the mourning rose beetle are also represented . Of the butterflies of living here Small and Large Purple Emperor and the birds Dove , Golden Oriole , Middle Spotted Woodpecker , Spotted Flycatcher , Pied Flycatcher and Collared Flycatcher . The dipper can often be found on the Strobnitz. It is the only native songbird that searches for food under the surface of the water.
The open areas are designed as whistle grass wet meadows and thistle herbaceous corridors. Common species are broad-leaved orchid , wood lice , cuckoo's light carnation , snake knotweed , common devil bite and large meadow button . Occasionally arnica herbaceous plants can be found . The live of butterflies Bright Burnet-Large Blues , the Glanville fritillary and the dovetail , of the fowl garden warbler , redstart , Star and Yellow Warbler and mammals vole , field vole , vole , wood mouse , shrew and pygmy shrew .
Today, about half of the park is forested, and many parts of the park that were formerly open are now occupied by trees. The forest is worked more intensively than in many other protected areas: dead wood is cleared, the spread of exotic trees is not hindered and the protection plan provides for the forest areas to be reduced again and former lines of sight to be exposed. The management of the protected area tries to meet the requirements of a landscape park.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Antonín Cechner: Soupis památek uměleckých a historických v politickém okrese kaplickém , Praha 1920, p. 304-105.
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 46 ′ 44 ″ N , 14 ° 45 ′ 26 ″ E