Collar snapper
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Collared Flycatcher ( Ficedula albicollis ) |
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| Ficedula albicollis | ||||||||||||
| ( Temminck , 1815) |
The Collared Flycatcher ( Ficedula albicollis ) is a bird art from the family of flycatchers . He is a bird of character, especially in the orchards.
features
The collar snapper is small and compact. Its head is relatively large and has a short, thin beak that is slightly curved downwards and not slightly upwards like the pied flycatcher . The wings are broad and pointed, the tail is long, thin and fan-shaped. Males are strikingly patterned in black and white. The head and face are colored black, with the exception of the large, white spot on the forehead and the throat. The upper part of the back, the arm wings , the thumb wing and the hand wings are also black. A wide, white band stretches across the arms. The top of the tail is also black, the rest of the body is colored white. Females have a gray-brown face and no forehead spot like the males, and their back and shoulder feathers are also gray. The neck is light gray and the white band on the back of the male bird is also darker. The hand wings, the thumb wing and the outermost arm wings are black-brown, the white band on these is not that big. A light eyelid ring is drawn around the eyes. In the simple and youthful dress, the birds are even less contrasting in color, or the wings are more brownish. They are thus very similar to other birds of the species snapper, especially the pied flycatcher.
Of the slate-gray legs, only the feet can be seen, each with one clawed toe pointing backwards and three forwards. The beak and the large eyes are blackish gray. The collar snapper reaches a body length of 13 centimeters.
Way of life
The collar snapper mainly hunts insects in the air, but also looks for larvae , spiders and other invertebrates on the ground, especially in foliage . He eats berries less often . He sings slowly with pressed tones trüh ziit tru sidi , a typical call is a drawn out iip .
The collar snapper prefers deciduous forests and parks with old trees, cemeteries and orchards . It nests in tree hollows and also accepts artificial nesting aids. The breeding takes place in the period from May to July.
Habitat, distribution and existence
The collar flycatcher is found in deciduous forests, parks and gardens in eastern Europe and northern Asia . There it can be found in northwest Italy, southern Italy, southern Germany , Switzerland , Sweden , Austria , the Czech Republic , Eastern Europe , the Baltic part of Russia , Latvia , Ukraine and western France . In Asia it occurs in southern Russia, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan . As a breeding bird, the collared flycatcher is completely absent in northern Germany. The flycatcher moves to central and southern Africa from August to September, only to return to its breeding grounds in May.
Its existence in the distribution area is considered to be secured with a size of 1,400,000 to 2,400,000 copies. There has been a significant increase in populations over the past few decades . The largest populations are in Romania and Ukraine and include around 600,000 birds.
The German breeding population is estimated at 3,000 to 6,000 breeding pairs for the years 2005 to 2009. In the Red List of Germany's breeding birds from 2015, the species is listed in Category 3 as endangered.
literature
- Volker Dierschke: Which songbird is that? Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-440-10744-7 .
- Peter H. Barthel, Paschalis Dougalis: What is flying there? Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-440-09977-3 .
- Stein A. Sæther et al .: Sex Chromosome-Linked Species Recognition and Evolution of Reproductive Isolation in Flycatchers. In: Science. 318, No. 5847, 2007, doi: 10.1126 / science.1141506 .
Web links
- Ficedula albicollis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2008. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2008. Accessed January 7 of 2009.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Ficedula albicollis in the Internet Bird Collection
- Birdlife international
- Collar fly feathers
Individual evidence
- ↑ Christoph Grüneberg, Hans-Günther Bauer, Heiko Haupt, Ommo Hüppop, Torsten Ryslavy, Peter Südbeck: Red List of Germany's Breeding Birds , 5 version . In: German Council for Bird Protection (Hrsg.): Reports on bird protection . tape 52 , November 30, 2015.