Hare lettuce

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Hare lettuce
Purple hare lettuce (Prenanthes purpurea)

Purple hare lettuce ( Prenanthes purpurea )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Tribe : Cichorieae
Genre : Lettuce ( prenanthes )
Type : Hare lettuce
Scientific name
Prenanthes purpurea
L.

The purple hare lettuce ( Prenanthes purpurea ), also simply called hare lettuce or purple lettuce , is a species of hare lettuce ( Prenanthes ) in the daisy family (Asteraceae). It is widespread in Eurasia .

description

Foliage leaf
illustration
Flower heads
Achenes with pappus

Vegetative characteristics

The hare lettuce grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 150 centimeters. The stem is richly branched.

The bare leaves are oblong-lanceolate. The upper side of the leaf is green and the underside of the leaf is gray to blue-green. Populations with particularly narrow, partly linear, whole-margined leaves are called Prenanthes purpurea f. angustifolia . The lower leaves are stalked, oblong, obovate, indented, toothed to pinnate. The upper leaves are sessile, with a heart-shaped base and encompassing the stalk.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is in July and August. There are many long-stalked, nodding, cup-shaped partial inflorescences in a loose, paniculate overall inflorescence. The cups contain five to eight bracts and two to five reddish to purple or purple ray florets . The stylus protrudes 7 millimeters from the stamen of the flowers and the scar lobes roll completely backwards.

The round, unbeaked achenes have a distinct pappus .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The hare lettuce is a hemicryptophyte .

The scar flaps roll completely backwards, so that spontaneous self-pollination occurs if there is no insect visit . Pollinators are bee relatives, flies and beetles .

It is a shade to partial shade plant and important wild fodder, which is why small populations are threatened by game browsing . It is also important as a food plant for rare owls of the genus Cucullia (monk owls).

Occurrence

The hare lettuce is Eurasian widespread with a focus on western Europe. Its distribution area includes Spain , Andorra , France , Corsica , Italy , Germany , formerly Luxembourg, Poland , the Czech Republic , Switzerland , Liechtenstein , Austria , Slovenia , Hungary , the Balkan Peninsula , Bulgaria , Slovakia , Serbia , Ukraine , Georgia , the Caucasus and Turkey . Prenanthes purpurea is the only Prenanthes species that occurs in Central Europe.

In Germany the hare lettuce is found mainly in the hill country and in the mountains. In the Alps it reaches an altitude of up to 2043 meters. In the Allgäu Alps , it rises on the southeast ridge of the Kegelkopf in Bavaria to an altitude of 1850 meters. It is absent or very rare in the lowlands .

Hare lettuce usually thrives in mixed mountain forests with beech , fir , oak and spruce, rich in herbs and grass, and grows in tall herbaceous corridors and in clearings on forest paths. It achieves its optimum in the high-montane beech forest . The lettuce grows best on fresh, fairly nutrient-rich, preferably low-lime, neutral to moderately acidic, musty or musty humus, medium to deep loam soils with a humid climate . He is a Fagion-association in Central Europe characteristic species .

swell

literature

  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  • Gerhard Wagenitz (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Volume VI. Part 4: Angiospermae, Dicotyledones 4 (Compositae 2, Matricaria - Hieracium) . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-489-86020-9 , pp. 1180–1182, 1437 (revised reprint of the 1st edition (Volume VI / 2 from 1929) with addendum).
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Prenanthes purpurea L., Purple Hasenlattich. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , p. 997.
  3. ↑ Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Prenanthes purpurea In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW-Verlag, Eching near Munich, 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 669.

Web links

Commons : Purple Hasenlattich ( Prenanthes purpurea )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files