Aigen in the Mühlkreis

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Aigen im Mühlkreis (former municipality)
Historical coat of arms of Aigen in the Mühlkreis
Template: Infobox community part in Austria / maintenance / coat of arms
Aigen cadastral municipality
Aigen im Mühlkreis (Austria)
Red pog.svg
Basic data
Pole. District , state Rohrbach  (RO), Upper Austria
Judicial district Rohrbach
Pole. local community Aigen-Schlägl
f5
Coordinates 48 ° 38 '48 "  N , 13 ° 58' 21"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 38 '48 "  N , 13 ° 58' 21"  Ef1
height 596  m above sea level A.
Residents of the stat. An H. 1898 (January 1, 2015)
Building status 596 (2001 f1)
Area  d. KG 17.41 km²
Post Code 4160 Aigen
prefix + 43/7281 (Aigen im Mühlkreis)
Statistical identification
Cadastral parish number 47001
image
Location of the former municipality in the Rohrbach district (as of 2014)
Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; DORIS

Marketplace

Aigen im Mühlkreis was a market town with 1898 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2015) in Upper Austria in the Rohrbach district in the Upper Mühlviertel . The community was in the judicial district of Rohrbach . On May 1, 2015, the municipality was merged with the neighboring Schlägl to form the new municipality of Aigen-Schlägl , after a referendum held in both municipalities on September 7, 2014 yielded a positive result.

geography

Aigen im Mühlkreis lies at 596  m above sea level. A. Höhe in the upper Mühlviertel . In terms of the nature conservation spatial structure, the northern municipal area belongs to the Bohemian Forest spatial unit and the southern area to the southern Bohemian Forest foothills . The border between the two units runs along the closed tree line of the so-called "High Bohemian Forest".

The extension of the former municipality is around 8 km from north to south and up to around 6 km from west to east. The total area covered 17.41 km², which Aigen was in the middle of the 42 municipalities in the district at that time.

Neighboring communities were Schlägl in the east and south and Ulrichsberg in the west. In the north, Aigen bordered the Czech Republic and the Okres Český Krumlov .

Geology and soils

The landscape of the municipality is a part of the Bohemian Massif, which goes back to a very old mountain range, which was created by the Variscan mountain formation in the Paleozoic ( Carboniferous ). This resulted in various granites and gneisses. Furthermore, between the Bohemian Forest and the valley of the Große Mühl, the so-called pile fault from northwest to southeast consists of easily erodible mylonites . To the northwest of this fault there is predominantly cordierite paragneiss as well as Eisgarner granite and orthogneiss. To the south there is mainly Mauthausen granite as well as Schlieren granite and titanite stain granite. After the strong erosion of the former high mountains, during the Alpidic mountain formation in the Tertiary, the crystalline basement was abolished by several 100 meters, causing fractures and faults. Subsequently, sediments were deposited in the Tertiary and Quaternary periods . In the area of ​​the Große Mühl, a strip of river deposits has formed, with typical weathering phenomena such as wool sack weathering predominating, which led to the formation of block castles, block litter and boulders.

The soils in the municipal area are characterized by a lack of nutrients and a high proportion of potassium. They also have a poor phosphorus and calcium supply. The soil type is loamy sand or sandy loam. The soil quality depends on the depth and the water supply, with the grain size of the rock deciding whether the site is water-rich or dry. The rocky brown earth is the most important type of soil in the area, it is found below 1000 m above sea level as low-base to acidic, shallow to medium-sized soil that was formed on solid or debris. Furthermore, loose sediment brown earth has formed on gravelly or fine-grained starting material. However, due to litter use and spruce forests, real brown soils without signs of podsolic dynamics have become rare. Above 1000 meters above sea level, podzols and semi-podsols in particular formed during high precipitation, whereby the coniferous forest coniferous litter also has an acidic effect. Gley exists mainly in the area of ​​springs, streams, ditches, hollows and at the foot of slopes, with wet, acidic meadows dominating here. Other types of soil that occur are pseudogley , bog soils and moor soils in the area of ​​cold-air lakes in small depressions on streams or on locations without drainage as well as tendril-like soils over block debris.

Former parish structure

Districts are:

  • Aigen in the Mühlkreis
  • Grünwald
  • Rudolfing
  • Sun Forest

history

The Upper Mühlviertel originally belonged to the Duchy of Bavaria and since 1180 to the Duchy of Austria .

Aigen emerged in the course of colonization in this area by the Premonstratensian Schlägl Monastery . With the approval of the Austrian duke Frederick II. Led Propst I. Heinrich in 1242 the establishment of a settlement on the belonging to the monastery basic "intrinsic", where the settlers for twelve years an exemption has been granted. At the request of the Schlägler provost Johannes, Duke Rudolf IV granted the village of Aigen market rights with a certificate issued on July 28, 1362 in Passau . 1459 confirmed Duke Albrecht VI. the privilege of having a fair on the Sunday after All Saints' Day. Aigen has been part of the Principality of Austria ob der Enns since 1490 . In 1529, the judges and council of the Aigen market recognized a contract concluded in 1497 between the Schlägler provost and his subjects, regulating death and the besthaupt , which had previously been practiced according to Bohemian custom for some time. In the 16th century the Reformation spread and in 1585 a fire destroyed the Aigen market. To support the reconstruction, Emperor Rudolf II confirmed the previous privileges on June 17, 1598 and at the same time approved another fair, which was to be held on February 6, the feast of St. Dorothea . In 1599, Aigen was given a new market regime, which enabled a flourishing trade with Bohemia. In 1708 the citizens of Aigen were given the right to propose their own judge. During the coalition wars, Aigen was occupied several times and destroyed by fire in 1808. In 1852 the market houses burned down as a result of lightning. With the connection to the Mühlkreisbahn in 1888, there was an economic boom.

Aigen has been part of the federal state of Upper Austria since 1918 . After Austria was annexed to the German Reich on March 12, 1938, the place belonged to the "Gau Oberdonau". In 1941 the communities of Aigen and Schlägl were merged into an administrative community, which was dissolved again in 1945. In the 20th century, Aigen developed into a summer resort. In the last few decades it has become a tourist center of the Upper Mühlviertel.

Aigen was part of the judicial district of Aigen from 1850 , whereby the court seat was moved from Schlägl to Aigen in 1873. In 2003 the judicial district of Aigen was dissolved and the municipality was assigned to the Rohrbach judicial district.

After years of discussion about a possible merger with neighboring Schlägl , a referendum was held in both communities on September 7, 2014. In Aigen, a large majority of 90.88% was in favor of the merger (turnout 68.69%), in Schlägl those in favor of the merger received 84.22% of the votes cast (turnout 77.08%). The new community will be called Aigen-Schlägl and will be established by May 1, 2015 at the latest.

population

Population structure

In 2013, 1,906 people lived in the municipality of Aigen in the Mühlkreis, making Aigen the eighth largest of the 42 municipalities in the district. In terms of population density, Aigen had the fifth highest population density in the district with 108 inhabitants per km². At the end of 2001 94.1 percent of the population were Austrian citizens (Upper Austria 92.8 percent, Rohrbach district 96.9 percent), by the beginning of 2013 the value rose to 95.5 percent (Upper Austria 91.1 percent, Rohrbach district 96.9 percent) Percent). In 2013, only 87 foreigners were counted in the municipality, 56 percent of whom came from an EU country and 24 percent from ex-Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia). In 2013, 148 residents of Aigen also had a foreign country of birth, whereby the EU countries followed by ex-Yugoslavia also predominated here. In 2001, 89.9 percent of the population committed to the Roman Catholic Church (Upper Austria: 79.4 percent), 4.3 percent were without confession, 3.0 percent were of Islamic faith and 0.7 percent were Protestant.

The average age of the community population in 2001 was above the national average, which is also the result of the Aigen-Schlägl district elderly and care home located here. 16.9 percent of the residents of Aigen were younger than 15 years (Upper Austria: 18.8 percent), 58.9 percent between 15 and 59 years old (Upper Austria: 61.6 percent). The proportion of residents over 59 years of age was 24.2 percent, well above the national average of 20.2 percent. As a result, the average age of the population of Aigen changed in all segments. The proportion of people under 15 years of age fell to 14.2 percent on January 1, 2013, while the proportion of people between 15 and 59 years of age increased significantly to 65.3 percent. The proportion of people over 59 years of age, however, fell to 20.5 percent. According to marital status, in 2001 44.9 percent of the residents of Aigen were single, 42.0 percent married, 8.9 percent widowed and 4.3 percent divorced.

Population development

The population of the municipality of Aigen shrank by 21 percent between 1869 and 1923. In 1869 there were still 2065 people living in Aigen and in 1880 even 2201 people; in 1923, after a continual shrinking process, there were only 1623 people. As a result, the population of Aigen increased again by 20 percent by 1951, after which the population fell again by around nine percent by 1991. Most recently, the population leveled off at just over 1900 inhabitants. In the 1970s and 1980s, Aigen exhibited a slight emigration and a marginally positive birth balance. The population growth in the 1990s resulted from a more positive birth balance and immigration. Since the turn of the millennium, the community has had a negative birth balance, but this is offset by immigration. The district elderly and care home Aigen-Schlägl is an essential factor for the negative birth balance and immigration.

politics

Municipal council

The municipal council, as the highest body of the municipality, had 25 seats and is elected every six years in the course of Upper Austria-wide municipal council elections. The municipality board consists of seven members, whereby the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) is represented after the municipal council elections in 2009 with the mayor, the vice-mayor and four other members on the municipality board and thus has the absolute majority in this body. The Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) sends a member to the community council.

The strongest parliamentary group in the Aigen municipal council has always been the ÖVP, which in the period since 1945, with two exceptions, has always achieved an absolute majority of votes and mandates and often even achieved a two-thirds majority. Since 1945, the ÖVP has achieved election results between 41.2 and 75.2 percent. After around 56 percent in the elections in 1945 and 1949, the ÖVP had missed an absolute majority in 1955 and 1961 by making a home list. After the home list was no longer started in 1967, the ÖVP immediately achieved a two-thirds majority in 1961, which it narrowly missed in 1973. Since then, the ÖVP has achieved results between 61.6 and 75.2 percent, with the ÖVP achieving its best result so far in 2009. The SPÖ came to 21.4 to 43.9 percent since 1945. In 1945 the SPÖ had its best result, in 1949 its worst, with it reaching 21.4 to 28.8 percent since 1973. The FPÖ only ran between 1973 and 1997 and achieved 6.1 (1973) to 14.2 (1997) percent. The FPÖ has not stood as a candidate since then.

mayor

The mayor has been elected by direct election since 1997 , with no absolute majority for a candidate in a runoff election . The first direct mayor election was won by mayor Johann Peter (ÖVP), who has been in office since 1996, with 78.5 percent in the first ballot against the candidates from the SPÖ and FPÖ . He also won the elections in 2002 and 2009 with around 90 percent each, although there were no opposing candidates in these elections. On December 11, 2013 Herbert Kern took over the office of mayor.

Mayor since 1850:

Term of office Surname Term of office Surname Term of office Surname
1850-1860 Georg Sommer 1909-1919 Viktor Schützenberger 1951-1961 Franz Kehrer
1860-1864 Josef Almesberger 1919-1922 Franz Reingruber 1961-1973 Albert Aigner
1864-1867 Franz Almesberger 1922-1923 Hans Kempinger 1973-1991 Alfred Ruhaltinger
1867-1870 Ignaz Pröll 1923-1933 Viktor Schützenberger 1991-1996 Johann Veit
1870-1873 August Luger 1933-1935 Hans Ernstbrunner 1996-2013 Johann Peter
1873-1876 Carl Fuchs 1935-1942 Peter Paul Jauker 2013-2015 Herbert Kern
1876-1879 Georg Loeffler 1942-1945 Heinrich Kickinger
1879-1894 Karl Fuchs 1945-1946 Karl Siehs
1894-1897 Josef Luger 1946-1949 Rudolf Bitter
1897-1909 Simon Stoll 1949-1951 Peter Paul Jauker

Other options

As in municipal council elections, the ÖVP also dominated state elections in the municipality, where it was able to achieve an absolute majority in every election. The ÖVP achieved its strongest result in 1979 with 65.8 percent, its worst result was 51.6 percent in 1949. After highs of more than 60 percent in the 1970s and 1980s, the ÖVP came to 52.7 to 57.3 since 1991 Percent. The second strongest party in state elections was always the SPÖ, which achieved its strongest result in 1945 with 43.9 percent. After a slump to 28.9 percent by taking part in the WdU in 1949, the SPÖ came up with results around 40 percent in the 1950s and 1960s. Since then, the SPÖ's share of the vote has decreased almost continuously, with the SPÖ still reaching around 30 percent in the 1970s and then slowly falling to around 20 percent of the vote. The FPÖ achieved a double-digit result for the first time in 1991 with 16.1 percent, and in 1997 it achieved its best result to date with 17.9 percent. After a significant slump in 2003, the FPÖ was able to increase again. In the last state election in 2009, the ÖVP came in first with 57.0 percent. The SPÖ only got 19.1 percent and had to give up almost 10 percent of its share of the vote. The FPÖ was the third strongest force with 11.5 percent, the Greens achieved their best result so far with 8.6 percent.

coat of arms

AUT Aigen im Mühlkreis COA.jpg

Aigen's coat of arms goes back to the Middle Ages, although Aigen has not been awarded a coat of arms. The oldest evidence of the coat of arms comes from a letter of purchase dated April 24, 1446, whereby the coat of arms only shows two crossed mallets and the inscription "Sigillum: ciuium: in: opito:". A later seal with the same coat of arms from 1529, however, bears the changed inscription "S.ciuium opidi plagensis". The market coat of arms was given its current form under Abbot Siard Worath I (1701–1721), with the coat of arms relief on a marble tablet from 1712 at the old town hall in Aigen and for the first time in + SIGIL. OF . MARKHT. AIGEN can be found on a birth letter dated June 28, 1740. After 1850, the market town also used a color stamp with the three fir trees alone as a seal image. The municipality colors, however, are used according to old tradition without verifiable formal approval.

The blazon of the coat of arms reads: “ Humiliated divided; above in gold on three green hills a green, black-stemmed conifer; at the bottom split by silver and black with two crossed mallets in alternating colors. “The church colors are black, white and green. The Holzhauerschlegel symbolize the creation of the market by clearing the monastery forest and can also be seen as a speaking image for the name of the monastery. The trees in turn are reminiscent of the old place name Aigen am Wald and at the same time represent the wealth of forests and the importance of the timber industry.

Economy and Infrastructure

Agriculture and Forestry

In 2010 the statistics showed 46 agricultural and forestry holdings in the municipality of Aigen. These included only nine full-time businesses, 34 part-time businesses, two associations and one business with a legal personality. The total number of establishments had fallen by 16 establishments or 25 percent in comparison with the district or the province of Upper Austria compared to 1999, with the sharp decline in part-time businesses being responsible for the minus. The farms jointly cultivated a total of 738 hectares in 2010, with 35 percent of the area being farmed by full-time farmers and 34 percent by part-time farmers. The average area of ​​full-time farmers was 29 hectares below the Upper Austrian average.

education

In Aigen there was a parish school in front of the church as early as 1522, with the school moving into the Marktbrauhaus in 1856. In 1960 the primary school was renovated. In 1990, after an extension to the existing school, the Aigen elementary school moved into the common school building of the Aigen – Schlägl elementary school. There are also two after-school care groups in the elementary school. In addition to the Aigen-Schlägl elementary school, the municipality also has the Aigen-Schlägl New Middle School, which was founded in 1950/51 as a branch of the Rohrbach secondary school. Since the number of pupils at the secondary school in Rohrbach was so high that “foreign pupils” could only be accepted to a limited extent, a branch with a 1st class was created in Aigen, which was taught in the hall of the club house in Aigen. The main school building was built between 1951 and 1953, with the opening on October 31, 1953. In the 1973/74 school year, an extension for additional classrooms and a gymnasium was opened. In 1996 another renovation and extension takes place.

safety

The Aigen voluntary fire brigade was established on October 11, 1873. Initiator and founder Adalbert Swoboda was elected 1st in command by 35 men. The FF Aigen currently has a command vehicle, a small fire engine, a tank fire engine and a small rescue vehicle. The closest police station is the Peilstein police station in the Mühlviertel .

Culture and sights

Panorama from the Hochbuchet viewpoint

Personalities

literature

  • Isfried Hermann Pichler: Document book of the Schlägl Monastery: the legal and historical sources of the Cisterce Slage and the Premonstratensian Canons of Schlägl from the beginning up to the year 1600 . In: Schlägler writings . Volume 12, Stift Schlägl, Aigen im Mühlkreis 2003 (without ISBN).

Web links

Commons : Aigen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Province of Upper Austria: Natural area mapping Upper Austria. Landscape survey of the municipality of Aigen in the Mühlkreis. Final report. Attnang-Puchheim 2010
  2. ^ Population for community merger , ORF. September 7, 2014. 
  3. a b ( page no longer available , search in web archives: Province of Upper Austria ) Population levels in Upper Austria compared by citizenship@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www2.land-oberoesterreich.gv.at
  4. Statistics Austria: Population by religion and federal states 1951 to 2001 (accessed on October 2, 2013)
  5. a b Statistics Austria municipality data from Aigen
  6. a b ( page no longer available , search in web archives: Land Oberösterreich ) Resident population in Upper Austria compared by age group@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www2.land-oberoesterreich.gv.at
  7. ^ Province of Upper Austria ( Memento from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Municipal council elections in Aigen im Mühlkreis from 1945
  8. Province of Upper Austria ( Memento of the original from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Election result in mayoral elections @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.land-oberoesterreich.gv.at
  9. ^ Province of Upper Austria Mayor of the municipality of Aigen in the Mühlkreis since 1850
  10. ^ State of Upper Austria ( Memento from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) State election results in Aigen from 1945
  11. ^ State of Upper Austria coat of arms of the municipality of Aigen in the Mühlkreis
  12. Aigen-Schlägl elementary school
  13. NMS Aigen-Schlägl
  14. ^ FF Aigen