Kuehne + Nagel

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Kuehne + Nagel International AG

logo
legal form Corporation
ISIN CH0025238863
founding July 1, 1890
Seat Schindellegi , SwitzerlandSwitzerlandSwitzerland 
management Detlef Trefzger
(Chairman of the Management Board )
Jörg Wolle
( Chairman of the Board of Directors )
Number of employees 81,900 (end of 2018)
sales 24.825 billion CHF (2018)
Branch Transport / logistics
Website www.kuehne-nagel.com
As of December 31, 2018

The Kuehne + Nagel International AG is an international logistics - and goods transport company based in the district of Schindellegi the municipality Feusisberg in the Swiss canton of Schwyz .

history

Founding years

Kuehne + Nagel, company headquarters in Bremen 1909 to approx. 1944 (left building)

On July 1, 1890, August Kühne (1855–1932) and Friedrich Gottlieb Nagel (1864–1907) founded a freight forwarding and commissioning business in Bremen , which after Nagel’s death became the sole property of Kühne. In 1909, Kuehne acquired the " von Kapff 'sche Burg" at what was then the second Great Weser Bridge as the company's headquarters , and in 1910 the Jewish businessman Adolf Maass, who set up the Hamburg branch, became a partner in Kuehne + Nagel.

time of the nationalsocialism

In April 1933, shortly after August Kühne's death, Adolf Maass - with 45 percent the largest shareholder in Kuehne + Nagel - was pushed out of the company by his sons Alfred Kühne (1895–1981) and Werner Kühne (* 1898, mentioned 1951) . He was murdered in Auschwitz concentration camp in 1945 .

Kuehne + Nagel played a key role in the " M-Action " of the Nazi regime. By August 1944, the responsible NS agency had had the facilities of around 65,000 apartments in the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Luxembourg removed. 500 barges and 674 trains were required for this. Kuehne + Nagel helped with the implementation. The company was active directly and with the help of subcontractors in all occupied western countries. The transports from the Netherlands are the most extensively researched. For example, K + N chartered its own steamer to transport looted Jewish property to the German Reich. The first cargo ship from Amsterdam arrived in the Hanseatic city of Bremen in December 1942. The parts list shows 220 armchairs, 105 beds, 363 tables, 598 chairs, 126 cupboards, 35 sofas, 307 boxes with glass dishes, 110 mirrors, 158 lamps, 32 clocks, a gramophone and two strollers. It was the property of Dutch Jews who had been deported to concentration camps in the summer of 1941.

According to the historian Wolfgang Dreßen , Kuehne + Nagel carried out " 29 art transports from Paris alone [...] between 1941 and 1944 " for the Reichsleiter Rosenberg task force . A Kuehne + Nagel employee was also actively looking for furniture in southern France. According to Dreßen, there was extremely close cooperation with officials and the German occupation. There was a separate DIN standard according to which stolen goods were distributed.

"The company is therefore jointly responsible for the deaths of people, they earned money with it," Dreßen assigns Kuehne + Nagel's responsibility. The historian Frank Bajohr from the Munich Center for Holocaust Studies at the Institute for Contemporary History (IfZ) also sees the Kuehne + Nagel stores as “a relative proximity to mass murder”. Historian Johannes Beermann, who was researching the M-Transports, says that the responsible NS office in the West worked closely with the Kuehne + Nagel forwarding agency to send the stolen furniture from the deported Jews. Ultimately, Kuehne + Nagel took over the organization of the transports from the occupied western territories to the Reich itself.

Wolfgang Dreßen points out that Kuehne + Nagel was not alone, because other large logistics companies were similarly involved. However, Kuehne + Nagel was a leader in the criminal industry that had emerged; "The haulage company succeeded in asserting itself so successfully against potential competitors that Kuehne + Nagel received a monopoly on these lucrative government contracts in the course of the 'M-Aktion'," said Beermann, assessing the role of today's third-largest logistics company in the world. The Jewish property was often referred to as Dutch furniture .

Denazification and organization Gehlen

After the end of the war, the brothers Alfred and Werner Kühne were subjected to an extensive investigation by American agencies into their role in the National Socialist period . In addition to personal data, the company's economic situation was also examined. It became clear that the business owners, contrary to a description maintained by Kuehne + Nagel until 2015, earned well from 1933. The number of employees in Bremen was constant at 600 until 1945. The files do not contain any information on the " M-Action ". The company has been awarded the Gau diploma several times as a National Socialist model company . Because of these files, both Kühnes were not "denazified" but classified as " followers ". Neither of the two should have continued to run the internationally active forwarding company.

The denazification files contain the intervention of the CIA , which was classified as " top secret ". The letter is the order that Alfred Kühne is to be denazified. According to information from the secret service scientist Erich Schmidt-Eenboom , Kuehne + Nagel was one of the most important front companies of the newly established Gehlen organization . He assesses the importance of Kuehne + Nagel as follows: “In 1955, the CIA made a list of all the front companies in the Gehlen apparatus, and Kuehne + Nagel ranks very high here. On the one hand the Bremen head office, on the other hand the Munich branch, and on the third the Kuehne + Nagel's Bonn office was the seat of Gehlen's liaison to the federal government. "

From 1945

After the air raids on Bremen and Hamburg and in the post-war period, the Kühne brothers controlled the Kuehne + Nagel stores from the Lichtensee property in Hoisdorf , which Werner Kühne had to flee to the USA in 1938 from the Jewish industrialist family Hugo Hartig (1871–1928) from Hamburg - bought for 100,000 Reichsmarks (RM) .

From an exposé dated December 1945, by Alfred Kühne - with a request for a joint discussion with Erik Blumenfeld - addressed to the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce , it emerges that the company had “ only 360 employees ” in Hamburg before the war began and “ the company had branches after the war began in Holland, Belgium, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia and Turkey. The company has [...] its own material assets in commercial buildings, apartment buildings, warehouses, haulage companies, etc. in Bremen, Bremerhaven, Hamburg, Lübeck, Stettin, Berlin, Leipzig, most of which have been destroyed. Registered reparations over 3 million Reichsmarks. "

Between autumn 1945 and the end of 1953, “ half Jew ” and later co-founder of Rohde and Liesenfeld , Dieter Liesenfeld (1921–2010), was a partner in Kuehne + Nagel. Liesenfeld was already working for Kuehne + Nagel in Vienna in 1944, after the war at the age of 24 he acquired a share of 5,970 RM in the Kuehne + Nagel company assets (Alfred K .: 511,849 RM, Werner K .: 473,850 RM) and was an employee there. It was also agreed that the three company owners Alfred (45%), Werner Kühne (45%) and Liesenfeld (10%) would share their profits. In 1947 the Office of Military Government for Germany (US) appointed Liesenfeld as trustee (“ custodian ”) of the initially “ blocked ” Kuehne + Nagel companies and accounts, which from October 3, 1946 under the “Property Control custodian” “Willi Kerber from Bremen stood. The companies of Kuehne + Nagel Bremen and Hamburg, which were also placed under "Property Control" on November 15, 1946, included the company Johs with the company address Raboisen 40 in Hamburg . Weber & Freund , Carl Baumeister , Wilhelm Stellfeld , Eugen Rüdenburg , Joh. Heckemann , Kakao Sped. GmbH , Schmidt & Olwig GmbH and on the Wall peninsula in Lübeck the companies Ernst Röbken , Krook & Petersen and O. Bartsch & Co. Alfred and Werner Bold account and asset freezes and employment restrictions were lifted with their denazification in "Category IV" on July 1, 1948.

Former August Kühne House on Wilhelm Kaisen Bridge in Bremen (1962–2017)

The company headquarters in Bremen, destroyed in 1944 and located in the so-called “Kappfschen Burg” from 1910 on the Wilhelm-Kaisen-Brücke , which was newly built between 1958 and 1960 , was relocated. Alfred Kühne commissioned the architect Caesar Pinnau to build a new six-story building on a larger site, which was inaugurated as August-Kühne-Haus in March 1962 and added three floors in the early 1970s.

In 1950 a branch was opened in Buenos Aires / Argentina .

The shareholder Werner Kühne left the company in December 1951, founded Africana Transport GmbH in Bremen and took over the existing Kuehne + Nagel agency in Johannesburg / South Africa on his own account .

In 1953 bases were opened in Montreal and Toronto, Canada, with a branch in Vancouver (1957). In 1955 the Netherlands followed and in 1957 in Baghdad / Iraq the Orient Transport Company Ltd. followed via Kuehne + Nagel . and in 1960 a 75 percent stake in Société de Transit Oriental SAL in Beirut / Lebanon was entered into.

In April 1959, Kuehne + Nagel AG (capital CHF 500,000) was opened in Switzerland in Zurich / Basel.

Klaus-Michael Kühne (2012)

Klaus-Michael Kühne joins as a partner

In 1963 the founding grandson Klaus-Michael Kühne became a personally liable partner ( general partner ) and partner at the age of 26 . In 1965 Kuehne + Nagel Speditions-AG was founded in Bremen, which acted as a liable partner of Kuehne & Nagel KG . According to the weekly newspaper Die Zeit , in 1967 80 percent of the ten million marks share capital was owned by the family and 20 percent by employees, whose share ownership, however, was tied to their work in the company.

Today's administrative headquarters of the Kuehne Foundation and Kuehne + Nagel AG in Schindellegi (CH)

In 1969, the then 74-year-old company patriarch Alfred Kühne relocated the headquarters of Kühne + Nagel to Schindellegi above Lake Zurich on the Schwyz side.

After Alfred Kühne and his deputy Ludwig Rössinger (* 1898), who represented the Frankfurt KN branch in 1924 and was a partner in Kühne + Nagel from 1954, retired from the Supervisory Board in 1975 for reasons of age, Klaus-Michael Kühne and his deputy Rudolf took over Fill the posts.

In 1976 Klaus-Michael Kühne moved the company headquarters to Switzerland. In the same year, corporate co-determination was introduced in Germany. Due to the relocation to the Canton of Schwyz, the company does not have a supervisory board under German co-determination law .

Klaus-Michael Kühne drove the internationalization forward. During the first and second oil crises , he tried to set up a shipping company , got into financial difficulties and in 1981, the year his father died, he had to sell 50 percent of the shares to the then Lonrho Group of Tiny Rowland for 90 million DM . In 1983 the news magazine Der Spiegel reported on suspicious weapons transports from international arms dealers to Africa, in which Kuehne + Nagel was involved.

In 1990, Kuehne + Nagel took over the GDR traffic combine Deutrans .

In 1992 Klaus-Michael Kühne bought back the KN shares from Lonrho for 340 million marks. On July 1, 1992, the Berlin-based VBB Viag-Bayernwerk-Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH , a subsidiary with equal shares of VIAG and Bayernwerk , acquired a 33.34% stake in Kuehne + Nagel. From July 1992, another 10 percent was held by the Deutsche Handelsbank (DHB), formerly part of the GDR's Commercial Coordination , which belonged to the Bank für Gemeinwirtschaft and the Treuhandanstalt .

Kuehne + Nagel International AG has been a public company listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange since 1994 . Together with VIAG, Kühne brought 18 percent of the company's shares to the stock exchange and bought VIAG back in 1998. To finance it, Kühne went public in two tranches, 6 and 5.9 percent, so that 30 percent was traded on the market.

In December 2000, SembCorp Logistics Ltd. from Singapore bought a 20 percent block of shares in Kuehne + Nagel International AG and in October 2004 sold 7 percent of them back to Kuehne + Nagel and offered the remaining 13 percent to institutional investors .

Company anniversary 2015

In 2015, Kuehne + Nagel celebrated its 125th company anniversary on Bremen's market square . The company presented the illustrated company history in a glass pavilion and large trucks. The exhibition toured through the Group's European branches. The celebrations also attracted criticism: The President of the City Council, Christian Weber, described the extensive cordoning off of the square in favor of a glass pavilion and giant trucks guarded by security forces as "borderline" . On the occasion of the start of the anniversary, the daily newspaper “taz” pointed out that although the company did extensive “history marketing”, it largely omitted or substantially glossed over its prominent role in the Nazi era.

New building of the company headquarters and processing culture

In 2016, the Bremen Senate approved the demolition of the old company headquarters on the Weser and approved a much larger new building for the August Kühne House at the same location. With the discussion about the building on the Great Weser Bridge , which was finally approved by the Bremen coalition , the taz Bremen pointed out the role of the company in the time of National Socialism . In view of the fact that Kuehne + Nagel is supposed to pay a square meter price of only around 900 euros for the building plot, the newspaper launched a campaign to purchase an area of ​​2 × 2 meters for a memorial to the company's role in the Nazi era to buy. The 4,400 euros for the four square meters were collected within three days of the call.

On December 23, 2015, the newspaper reported on the action and announced that the action had already raised over 16,000 euros and the money would now be used for the memorial itself. For this, the newspaper wants to advertise a design competition.

Finally, the coalition agreed with the company on a memorial, which, however, is to be erected several hundred meters from the company building on the Teerhof Bridge . Because this would jitter the direct relationship to the family company, the decision sparked criticism. The Jewish community of Bremen sees the decision to locate the site at the pedestrian bridge as "a compromise with a bland aftertaste". According to the Weser-Kurier, the municipality said it was a burden that the Kuehne + Nagel company did not stand by its history, after the decision of the coalition committee.

On the night of Easter Sunday 2018, strangers erected a temporary memorial in front of the company headquarters. The activist Kai Wargalla (Greens) tweeted that the memorial had been "placed exactly where it belongs: right in front of K + N".

Company situation today

Typical semi-trailer with lateral sliding tarpaulin as Kuehne + Nagel in road transport is used

Kuehne + Nagel holds direct or indirect stakes in over 200 companies worldwide. The majority of these companies are Kuehne + Nagel national companies and are exclusively owned by the group.

Today, the company is active in over a hundred countries, operates 1,000 facilities with a total of around 7 million square meters of storage space and employs around 80,000 people.

The offer extends to all the usual logistics services such as B. in sea ​​freight , air freight , European road and rail transport as well as in contract logistics .

Processing of the company history

Until 2015, the Kuehne + Nagel company did not make any public statements about its role and involvement in the Nazi era; specifically on furniture transports and other logistics services for Nazi organs in the period from 1933 to 1945. At the request of the "taz" in January 2015, the company stated that "the role of Kuehne + Nagel in these periods is not relevant". "Unclear" is also "on whose behalf the transports were carried out". It is also pointed out that the company was in a difficult economic situation. The historian Jaromir Balcar assumes, however, that executives at Kuehne + Nagel knew very well which goods they were transporting as part of the M-Aktion.

After several articles in the "taz", which also referred to the forgotten former Jewish partner of Kuehne + Nagel, Adolf Maass, the role of Kuehne + Nagel was also taken up in an article in the policy magazine Kontrovers ( BR ) in spring 2015 . According to this research, the company benefited indirectly from expropriations by the Nazis, as the belongings of Jews deported from France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg were transported to Germany by Kuehne + Nagel. Kuehne + Nagel was thus involved in the so-called " M-Action ". In 1942, under this code name, Nazi agencies began looting Jewish homes in the occupied countries. About 70,000 homes of deported and fled Jews were affected. German Nazi authorities in the east were to be equipped with the appropriated, officially "confiscated" furniture. Kuehne + Nagel also pointed out to Bayerischer Rundfunk that the company archive burned down during the war in 1944 and that they had no documents on the period.

Under the pressure of research by Kontrovers and “taz”, Kuehne + Nagel issued a press release on March 17, 2015 in which the company admitted for the first time that it had acted “in part” on behalf of the Nazi regime.

Like other companies that existed before 1945, Kuehne + Nagel was involved in the war economy and had to maintain its existence in dark and difficult times. This was a great challenge in the First World War, but even more so in the Second World War. The historical material available to Kuehne + Nagel shows that the company was active beyond the German borders in the occupied territories from 1939 to 1945 and primarily carried out supplies for the army. Likewise, on behalf of the Reich government, the transport of confiscated goods of people persecuted politically and racially was dealt with. Most of this was furniture.

Kuehne + Nagel is aware of the shameful incidents during the Third Reich and regrets that part of its work was carried out on behalf of the Nazi regime. The circumstances of the time under the dictatorship must be taken into account, as well as the fact that Kuehne + Nagel survived the chaos of war by mobilizing all its strength and securing the company's existence.

In the same press release, the company announced its intention to present “facts from the time between 1933 and 1945” in “in-house documentation”. Requests from historians to inspect the company archive were therefore rejected at the time (March 2015). Further advances by renowned company historians also met with vehement rejection on the part of the company.

The role and fate of Adolf Maass

In 2006, two stumbling blocks were laid at the former home of the Maass couple in Hamburg-Winterhude . The politician Ulrike Sparr had looked for documents in various archives. She came across the statements of Adolf Maass' son Gerhard Maass. He characterized the Kühne brothers as "influential Nazis" who would have pushed his father out of the company.

In the commemorative publication for the 75th anniversary of the Kuehne + Nagel company in 1965, the work of Adolf Maass is definitely recognized. Regarding his departure, it says: “In April 1933, Adolf Maaß left the company to become a partner in a wholesaling company belonging to his relatives. Alfred and Werner Kühne continue to run the company as sole owners. "

50 years later, in the commemorative publication for the company's 125th anniversary, Adolf Maass is mentioned. However, the Festschrift is not open to the public and was printed in such a small edition that not even all members of the board received a copy. The chapter, which deals with the period from 1933 to 1945, is headed with the heading “In Dunkler Zeit”. Hamburg's Mayor Olaf Scholz said in his 2015 celebratory speech about the script: “It names the separation from the Jewish partner who later perishes in the Holocaust, the dependence on orders from the Nazi regime, the activities in occupied territories and the logistical support for the confiscation of Jewish property. Coming to terms with the years that the Festschrift calls the “dark times” is an important step. It is gratifying when, as here, it is understood as a moral duty that belongs to the company. ”However, essential circumstances and dimensions of the company's activities during the Nazi era are still left out of the chronicle, according to Werner Kühne's entry into the NSDAP on May 1, 1933 . The separation from Maas eight days earlier is characterized in the chronicle as a "friendly vote".

Ownership

53.3% Klaus-Michael Kühne on Kühne Holding AG
0.2% Owned by Kuehne + Nagel International AG
46.5% Free float

As of December 31, 2013

Board of Directors

The Board of Directors is composed as follows:

  • Jörg Wolle , Chairman of the Board of Directors since May 2016, Vice President 2013–2015, member since May 2010 ( DKSH Group and Lonrho Holdings)
  • Karl Gernandt , Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors since May 2016, Chairman 2011 to May 2016, member since 2008
  • Klaus-Michael Kühne, Honorary President (1975–1980 Chairman, 1981–1992 Deputy Chairman, from 1992 Chairman)
  • Thomas Staehelin, member since 1978
  • Hans Lerch, member since 2005
  • Jürgen Fitschen , member since 2008
  • Renato Fassbind, member since 2011
  • Martin C. Wittig , member since 2014
  • Hauke ​​Stars, member since 2016

(As of March 31, 2015)

Former members of the supervisory board / supervisory board members (selection)

  • Bernd Wrede, Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors from 2002 to 2016, member from 1999
  • Alfred Kühne, chairman of the supervisory board until 1975
  • Ludwig Rössinger, Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board 1968–1975
  • Rudolf Lück, Deputy Chair from 1975 to July 30, 1987 (†)
  • Mercedes Kühne, member 1968–1989
  • Roland W. Rowland , Chair 1981–1992 (Lonrho)
  • Robert F. Dunlop, member 1981–1983 (Lonrho)
  • Roger Badger, member 1983–1989 (Lonrho)
  • Friedrich Landwehrmann, 1985–1986 (Lonrho)
  • Albrecht Graf Matuschka , 1985–1986
  • Paul George Bull Spicer, 1985–1989 (Lonrho)
  • Philip M Tarsh, 1985–1990 (Lonrho)
  • Eberhard von Brauchitsch , 1990–1999
  • Otto Gellert , Deputy President from 1999 to 2001, member from 1992 to May 2006
  • Joachim Hausser, member 1992–2011 ( Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechsel-Bank , HKB Hypotheken- und Kommunalkredit-Bank (from 9/2003 part of HSH Nordbank ))
  • Georg Obermeier, Deputy President 1994–2002, member 1992–2011 (VIAG)
  • Peter Schüring, July 1, 1992–1997 (Deutsche Handelsbank)
  • Willi Gerner , 1993 - May 2000 ( Bayernwerk )
  • Albert Pfeiffer, 1994–1999 (VIAG), member until May 2006
  • Maximilian Ardelt , May 1996–1999 (VIAG)
  • Bruno Salzmann, 1999-2008
  • Erhard Schipporeit , 1999 - May 2000 (VIAG)
  • Georg Freiherr von Waldenfels , 1999 - May 2001 (VIAG)
  • Wolfgang Peiner , member 2000–2001 and 2007–2012
  • Wong Kok Siew, member May 2001 - October 2004 (SembCorp Logistics Ltd., Singapore, co-opted from December 2000)
  • Koh Soo Keong, member May 2001 - October 2004 (SembCorp Logistics Ltd., Singapore, co-opted from December 2000)
  • Willy R. Kissling, member 2003–2009
  • Hans-Jörg Hager , 2009 - May 2013 member

Employee rights and participation

Kuehne & Nagel employees are organized locally in works councils. Since the company has branches in numerous countries in Europe and operates across Europe, the employee representatives wanted to establish a European works council . Kuehne & Nagel would like to prevent this. Since 1996 the works councils have tried in vain to establish a Europe-wide employee representation.

Kühne & Nagel has founded a limited partnership (KG) in Germany and appointed a Swiss corporation as general partner. The German limited partnership employs thousands of people. Thanks to this model, Kuehne & Nagel was able to argue that its central management is in Switzerland - i.e. outside the EU - and therefore does not have to comply with any disclosure obligations. The company did not want to disclose the structure of the company abroad to its German works council. In March 2001, the ECJ granted employee representatives of the Bofrost company a comprehensive right to information in order to be able to prepare for the establishment of a European works council. The Federal Labor Court also agreed in March 2004 with this opinion. In January 2004, the ECJ affirmed Kühne & Nagel's duty to inform the employee representatives, even if the company is based in Switzerland. In June 2004 the Federal Labor Court agreed with this view.

In 2014, Kühne confirmed to the world the advantages of moving to Switzerland. In addition to the better salaries for managers, he sees greater power for the board of directors than in Germany: "In Switzerland, the board of directors is the natural executive body of a company," says Kühne. The head of the board of directors has a position of power not only vis-à-vis management . He is also an authority on the board of directors.

With the help of the European Transport Workers' Federation (ETF) , a new attempt was made in 2015: a project funded by the EU Commission enabled Kuehne & Nagel employee representatives to organize and hold Europe-wide meetings and seminars for the first time.

Picture gallery

Literature and Sources

  • Jaromír Balcar: Ex officio robbery: On the role of administration, economy and the public in the expropriation and compensation of Jews in Bremen Verlag Edition Temmen; Edition: 1 (November 12, 2014) ISBN 978-3-8378-1043-1
  • Kuehne + Nagel HafenCity Hamburg. The new architecture guide, No. 103, Stadtwandel-Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-86711-004-4
  • Over 100 years of eventful experience - an anniversary publication, Kühne & Nagel 100 Years, Hamburg 1990
  • Highlights of a turbulent time. 75 years of Kuehne & Nagel. 1890–1965, Bremen 1965
  • Kuehne & Nagel, Freight Forwarders in Bremen 1890–1940, 1940
  • Henchman of the Nazis? The past of Kuehne + Nagel , broadcast controversy by Bayerischer Rundfunk , ARD April 15, 2015

Archives holdings

  • Company archive Kühne & Nagel AG & Co., from 1902, approx. 10 running meters , including documents, files, minutes, business reports, pamphlets, photos, etc.
  • Staatsarchiv Hamburg , 731-8_A 902 Kühne & Nagel, newspaper clipping collection and more, u. a. Kühne & Nagel Treuhandverwaltung files between 1946 and 1949 for the K + N freight forwarders including the subsidiaries in Braunschweig, Lübeck, Düsseldorf and the assets of the owners Alfred and Werner Kühne.
  • HWWA company archive, from 1950 newspaper clippings collection, e.g. Partly on microfiches, K + N press releases and business reports, documentation before 1950 not found

Web links

Commons : Kuehne + Nagel  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Annual Report 2018. In: 2018-annual-report.kuehne-nagel.com. Retrieved January 10, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Portrait: Klaus-Michael Kühne. Fuhrmann im Düsenzeitalter, Die Zeit from April 21, 1967, page 2 , accessed on April 5, 2015
  3. ↑ a b Kuehne + Nagel masons - utilization without "relevance" . In: taz.de , February 6, 2015.
  4. ^ Kühne, Alfred German Biography (1982)
  5. ^ Kühne, Werner German Biography (1982)
  6. ↑ Nazi legacy of a transport company, loads of the past , in: tageszeitung from March 31, 2015, accessed on April 3, 2015
  7. ↑ Kühne + Nagel's role in the plundering of the Jews in: Die Welt
  8. ↑ Looting of Jewish Property - Accepting Acceptance at Acceptance . In: taz.de , November 29, 2010
  9. ^ Martin Sonnleitner: Kühne and Nagel: The shadow of the Nazi era | shz.de . In: shz . ( shz.de [accessed on March 8, 2018]).
  10. ↑ Initiative as a regulatory principle. Bremen freight forwarders and bailiffs during the Shoah , International School for Holocaust Studies (ISHS) yadvashem.org , accessed on February 25, 2016
  11. ↑ Johannes Beermann in: Jaromir Balcar (ed.): Raub ex officio , Edition Temmen 2014, pp. 208 ff.
  12. ↑ DIE WELT Kühne + Nagel's role in the plundering of the Jews
  13. ↑ Sunday newspaper on Holland furniture
  14. ↑ Files in the Bremen State Archive, researched as part of the BR documentation
  15. ↑ BR24 from March 25, 2015: The dark past of a transport company ( Memento from April 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  16. ↑ From the "Waldfrieden" country house to the "Lichtensee" nursing home
  17. ^ Stormarn: The Church Confronts the Nazi Era , Hamburger Abendblatt, March 16, 2004 , accessed on February 25, 2016
  18. ↑ Lichtensee: Thomas Hoske sorts photos and notes about the villa. A caretaker makes history. January 11, 2008, accessed February 25, 2016
  19. ↑ a b Hamburg State Archives, classified information - confidential to Chief Finance Department, Control Commission for Germany (British Element), York House, Berlin. Signed Theodor H. Ball (Director), Finance Branch, HQ Military Government, Land Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, 312 HQ CCG, BA0.R. of April 24, 1947, 731-8_A 902 Kuehne & Nagel
  20. ↑ Hamburg State Archives, 731-8_A 902 Kühne & Nagel
  21. ^ 50 years of K. & N. in Hamburg, Hamburger Abendblatt from February 1, 1952
  22. ^ Rohde Liesenfeld, Who belongs to whom , accessed on April 6, 2015
  23. ^ Mourning for Dieter Liesenfeld, CDU reformer from Blankenese , Hamburger Abendblatt dated December 27, 2010, accessed on April 6, 2015
  24. ^ Reparation files 2108 21, FHH, social authority, office for reparation, Dieterlesenfeld, Sig. 351-11-44813
  25. ↑ Property Record Information, Ref. No. 609 / PC / F / 2220 of 3/23/47; Hamburg State Archive, 731-8_A 902 Kuehne & Nagel
  26. ^ Hamburg State Archives, classified information - confidential, 731-8_A 902 Kühne & Nagel
  27. ^ German Property Control Office for Bremen Enclave dated November 19, 1947, Kühne & Nagel Treuhandverwaltung files between 1946 and 1949, Hamburg State Archives, 731-8_A 902 Kühne & Nagel
  28. ↑ Benarichtigung about categorizing Alfred Kuehne and Werner Kühne, dated July 1, 1948, State Archives Hamburg, 731-8_A 902 Kuehne & Nagel
  29. ↑ Handelsblatt of March 9, 1962 / HWWA
  30. ↑ Architecture Guide Bremen: August Kühne-Haus , accessed on April 5, 2015
  31. ↑ VWD (Ffm), No. 238 of October 12, 1950
  32. ↑ Company service VWD (FfM) no. 247, HWWA A_10_K489 from December 21, 1951
  33. ↑ Hamburger Echo, No. 103 from May 4, 1957
  34. ↑ Hamburg State Archives 371-19_2368
  35. ↑ Press release from K & N, dated March 24, 1959 (blocking period April 1, 1959), HWWA A 10 K 489
  36. ↑ Portrait: Klaus-Michael Kühne. Fuhrmann im Düsenzeitalter , in: Die Zeit from April 21, 1967, page 4, accessed on April 5, 2015
  37. ^ A man and his fortune, PUNKTmagazin of December 12, 2012 , accessed on April 6, 2015
  38. ↑ Personal details . 75th birthday of Ludwig Rössinger , in: Hamburger Abendblatt from February 22, 1973
  39. ↑ Hamburg State Archives, (731-8_A 767) newspaper clippings collection  in the German Digital Library , accessed on April 6, 2015
  40. ^ Deutsche Wirtschaftsarchive, Gesellschaft für Unternehmensgeschichte, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, edited by Klara van Eyll and Renate Schwärzel, page 165
  41. ^ Personnel reorganization at Kuehne & Nagel , Hamburger Abendblatt dated September 5, 1975, read in on April 3, 2015
  42. ↑ verdi-archiv (February 15, 2005): Logistics company with tradition ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  43. ↑ Entrepreneur Dark Urge . In: Der Spiegel from February 9, 1982
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  62. ↑ Statement in the BR documentation henchmen of the Nazis? The past of Kühe + Nagel.
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  64. ^ Charlotte Theile : 126 cupboards, 32 clocks, two strollers. In: sueddeutsche.de . April 15, 2015, accessed October 13, 2018 .
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  68. ^ Ulrike Sparr: Stumbling blocks in Hamburg: Adolf Maass , May 22, 2015
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  83. ^ Profile Willy Kissling, bloomberg.com
  84. ↑ Still active behind the scenes  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , dvz.de from January 7, 2013, accessed on April 5, 2014@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.dvz.de  
  85. ↑ Legal avoidance strategies are booming. German companies knock out co-determination. In: Handelsblatt of November 12, 2005
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  89. ^ Deutsche Wirtschaftsarchive, Gesellschaft für Unternehmensgeschichte, Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, edited by Klara van Eyll and Renate Schwärzel, pages 164–165