Johann Nepomuk of Poissl

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Johann Nepomuk of Poissl

Baron Johann Nepomuk von Poissl , occasionally Poissl , (born February 15, 1783 at Haunkenzell Castle (municipality of Rattiszell , district of Straubing-Bogen ); † August 17, 1865 in Munich ) was a German composer and artistic director .

Life

Baron von Poißl began studying in December 1800 at the Philosophical Faculty of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Landshut and initially only worked as a sideline composer and singer. In 1805 he continued his musical education with Georg Joseph Vogler and Franz Danzi in Munich .

Poissl achieved his first success as an opera composer with the first performance of his Antigonus in 1808. Mozart , Gluck and Haydn were his role models . Danzi introduced him to Carl Maria von Weber in Munich in the summer of 1811 . In April 1812 Poißl also met Giacomo Meyerbeer there. After the successful premiere of his opera Ottaviano in Sicilia in July 1812, Poissl wanted to go on a study trip to and through Italy and therefore made a petition to the Bavarian King Maximilian Joseph , but received only inadequate gratuities.

In June 1814 his opera Athalia sparked enthusiasm in Munich as an avowedly “national” great opera. This was followed by performances in Stuttgart, Frankfurt am Main, Darmstadt, Prague (here in May 1816 under Weber's direction with considerable success), Weimar, Berlin (for the first time with connecting recitatives between the musical numbers and sets by Karl Friedrich Schinkel ) and in Karlsruhe in 1821. The The success of the premiere of Der Wettkampf zu Olympia in April 1815 (further performances in Stuttgart 1815, Darmstadt and Weimar 1816 and Dresden 1820/21, where Weber conducted again) seems to have exceeded that of Athalia .

At the invitation of Grand Duke Ludwig I , Poißl came to Darmstadt ( Grand Duchy of Hesse ) in 1816 , where Athalia and the Olympics won his applause. At the beginning of 1817 Poissl went to Berlin at the invitation of the general manager of the royal theater, Count Carl von Brühl , but did not find a job there either. For unknown reasons, he did not take the opportunity to lease the Estates Theater in Prague as director in 1818.

In September 1823 he became the second court music director in Munich, in May 1824 court theater director in the Royal Court and National Theater and in June 1825 court music director. In 1825 he was granted another great success with the magical opera The Princess of Provence . His own artistic productivity decreased as he became director, and operas such as Weber's Der Freischütz or Euryanthe replaced his stage works. In February 1833 Poissl was relieved of his position as court theater director, but remained court music director until his appointment as chief chamberlain.

In 1842 Poißl received the Commander's Cross 1st Class of the Grand Ducal Hessian Order of Ludwig .

tomb

Grave of Johann Poissl on the old southern cemetery in Munich location

The tomb of Johann Poißls is on the old southern cemetery in Munich (burial ground 8 - number 10 - Place 24/25) Location .

Works (selection)

Church music, choral works, songs etc., instrumental concerts, essays on music and musical life

Operas

  • The opera rehearsal , comic opera; Libretto: Franz Danzi or Poißl after Francesco Gnecco ; Premiere : Munich, February 23, 1806
  • Antigonus , serious opera; Libretto: Poißl after Pietro Metastasio ; Premiere: Munich, February 12, 1808
  • Ottaviano in Sicilia , dramma eroico; Libretto: Poißl; Premiere: Munich, July 30th, 1812
  • Aucassin and Nicolette , Singspiel; Libretto: Franz Karl Hiemer after Michel-Jean Sedaine ; Premiere: Munich, March 28, 1813
  • Athalia , great opera; Libretto: Johann Gottfried Wohlbrück after Jean Racine ; Premiere: Munich, June 3, 1814; further performances in Stuttgart 1815, Frankfurt am Main 1815, Prague 1816 and Berlin 1817
  • The competition at Olympia , great opera; Libretto: Poißl after Pietro Metastasio; WP: April 21, 1815
  • You like me , comic opera; Libretto: Johann Baptist von Zahlhaas ; composed in 1816, not performed
  • Nittetis , great opera; Libretto: Poißl after Pietro Metastasio; Premiere: Darmstadt, June 29, 1817
  • Issipile , great opera; Libretto: Poißl after Pietro Metastasio; composed in 1818, not performed
  • La rappresaglia ; opera semiseria; Libretto: Poißl after Cesare Sterbini ; Premiere: Munich, April 7th, 1820
  • The Princess of Provence , magic opera; Libretto: Poißl after Felice Romani ; Premiere: January 23, 1825
  • The Untersberg , romantic opera; Libretto: Eduard von Schenk; Premiere: Munich, October 30, 1829
  • Zayde , romantic-tragic opera; Libretto: Poißl; Premiere: Munich, November 9th, 1843

literature

  • Hans Michel Schletterer :  Poissl, Johann Nepomuk . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 26, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 376-380.
  • Erich Reipschläger: Schubaur , Danzi and Poissl as opera composers. A contribution to the development history of German opera on Munich soil . Wegener, Berlin 1911.
  • Till Gerrit Waidelich: Neither “Italian” nor “French”, but purely German. Johann Nepomuk von Poissl's “Athalia” as an opera “without risk in the Gluck's genre” . In: Joachim Veit, Frank Ziegler (eds.): Weber Studies 3, 1996, ZDB -ID 1175318-3 , pp. 318-346.
  • Hermann Arnold: Johann Nepomuk von Poißl. Man, work, work . In: Contributions to the history in the district of Cham 13, 1996, ISSN  0931-6310 , pp. 145–170.
  • Johann Nepomuk von Poißl: Letters (1807–1855). A look at the history of music and theater in Munich . Edited and commented by Volkmar von Pechstaedt. Hainholz, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-932622-71-5 , ( Hainholz Musikwissenschaft 10).
  • Marcus Chr. Lippe: On the German-language opera production in Munich around 1800 . In: ders. (Ed.), Oper im Aufbruch: Genre concepts of the German-speaking music theater around 1800 , pp. 231–248.

Web links

Commons : Johann Nepomuk Poissl  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Government Gazette for the Kingdom of Bavaria , No. 39, of October 29, 1842.
  2. ^ Libretto from The Princess of Provence as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
personal data
SURNAME Poißl, Johann Nepomuk from
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German composer and artistic director
DATE OF BIRTH February 15, 1783
PLACE OF BIRTH Haunkenzell Castle, Rattiszell , Straubing-Bogen district
DATE OF DEATH 17th August 1865
Place of death Munich