Antigono
| Work data | |
|---|---|
| Title: | Antigono |
First act, scene III. |
|
| Shape: | Opera seria |
| Original language: | Italian |
| Music: | First setting by Johann Adolph Hasse |
| Libretto : | Pietro Metastasio |
| Premiere: | October 10, 1743 |
| Place of premiere: | Hubertusburg |
| Place and time of the action: | in and around Thessaloniki , capital and port of the Macedonian Empire, around 230 BC Chr. |
| people | |
Antigono (later Alessandro, rè d'Epiro called) is an opera - libretto in three acts by Pietro Metastasio . It has been set to music by numerous composers. It was performed for the first time in the setting by Johann Adolph Hasse on October 10, 1743 in the Hubertusburg, which belongs to the Dresden court . Despite the similarity of names, it should not be confused with the Antigona libretti by Gaetano Roccaforte and Marco Coltellini .
A German translation of the libretto by Johann Anton Koch appeared in 1773 under the name Antigonus in the fifth volume of his unfinished complete edition Des Herr Abbot Peter Metastasio Kayserl. Royal Court Poet's Dramatic Poems.
action
The opera is about the Macedonian king Antigono , who is engaged to the Egyptian princess Berenice. His son Demetrio also falls in love with her and is therefore banished by his father. When Alessandro von Epirus, who also fell in love with Berenice, invades Macedonia, Demetrio remains loyal to his father and hits Alessandro back. Antigono then leaves his bride to him.
“ANtigonus Gonatas, King of Macedonia in Berenice, a print princess from Egypt fell in love / desired the same / would also get her for his wife / and named the day for the long desired marriage with her. From this his great house and other unfortunate cases arose. A violent love affection arose between the Printzen Demetrio, his son / and Berenice. The king became more closely aware of them / than the inexperienced lover noted / and in his jealous anger he sent the Printzen / who until then had been his only pleasure / and the hope of the kingdom / from the royal. Residency in misery: In the meantime, King Alexander fell in Epiro, who could not endure / that another Berenice, if he had been cut off / received as his wife / entered Macedonia / overcame Antigonum in a battle / and took him prisoner in Tessalonica . The chased Demetrius came to his father when he was in danger / and tried in every way / to get him to safety; and after he had finally had the good fortune / to receive the kingdom / and the freedom / he wanted to go back to misery; Only Antigonus, moved by such great trials of obedience / reverence / and love to tenderness, embraced him / held him back / and voluntarily left the disputed property to Berenice.
The reason for this story is from Tro. Pomp. drawn / but the greater part is forged.
The show place is in Tessalonica, a seaside city in Macedonia. "
The following table of contents is based on the German translation of the libretto by Johann Leopold von Ghelen , published in Vienna in 1745 .
first act
Lonely place in the inner gardens of the royal palace
Berenice tells Antigono's daughter Ismene that Demetrio was banished by Antigono out of jealousy. In addition, her former admirer Alessandro attacked the country, and Antigono had to postpone the wedding because of that. Ismene then confesses her love for Alessandro, whom she should actually hate as an enemy of her father, and shows understanding for Berenice's love for Demetrio. However, Berenice rejects this. Her affection is only for her bridegroom Antigono.
Demetrio asks Berenice to flee with him because Alessandro is about to conquer the city. Berenice refuses. Antigono arrives, finds Demetrio at Berenice's and angrily sends him away. Berenice tries to appease Antigono. Demetrio comes back and reports on Alessandro's arrival in the port.
Sea port to Thessaloniki with many ships
Alessandro and his general Clearchus come ashore. Despite Ismene's requests, Alessandro and Berenice are arrested. Alessandro offers Berenice marriage. However, she wants to remain true to Antigono. Antigono is led away. Alessandro allows Ismene to visit her father. Clearchus leads Berenice into the castle, where she is supposed to use the time to reflect.
Demetrio meets Berenice and his old friend Clearchus, whose life he once saved. However, this treats him as an enemy and arrests him. After Berenice is taken away and they are alone, Clearchus greets Demetrio amicably. His previous behavior was just a cover-up. He tells Demetrio that his father is trapped and lets him go. However, Demetrio decides not to flee, but to free his father.
Second act
Room with statues and paintings
Clearchus announces a visitor to Alessandro. He wonders about Alessandro's gloomy mood despite his victory. The latter tells him of Berenice's refusal to marry him. The announced visitor is Demetrio. He asks Alessandro to release Antigonus. In return, he offers himself up as a hostage. Alessandro is touched by this love of his sons and ready to release Antigono. The only thing he wants in return, however, is to keep Berenice, and Demetrio has to persuade her to do so.
Demetrio doesn't want to leave Berenice to Alessandro. He tells her about Alessandro's condition. After some hesitation, she agrees because she can't manage to refuse him a wish. Demetrio noticed from her behavior that Berenice loves him.
Demetrio informs Alessandro that Berenice has agreed to marry him. Alessandro is amazed at the torment that Demetrio causes.
Ismene tries to comfort Alessandro about his unrequited love for Berenice. This tells her that Berenice has now agreed to the wedding.
Alessandro releases Antigono. But his joy ends when Ismene tells him Berenice's approval. Ismene suffers from her love for Alessandro.
Great vestibule in the royal palace
Antigono blames Demetrio for helping bring Berenice to Alessandro. Then Berenice happily reports that the Macedonian army is standing by the walls and waiting for him. His general Agenor has already won his first victory. Before he can set off, however, Antigono is stopped by Clearchus. He is now to serve as a hostage. Berenice urges Demetrio to flee. Even though he tells her in the face that she loves him, she continues to deny it.
Third act
Foundations of an old tower in front of the prison cells
Before entering his cell, Antigono assures Ismene that he is not ready to leave Berenice to his enemy. He would rather take poison than watch it. He asks Clearchus to tell Alessandro that he does not agree with the condition.
Demetrio intends to swap clothes with Antigono and go to prison in his place. Since the door is locked, this is not possible. Ismene tells him about Antigono's determination to take poison. Demetrio wants to prevent this at all costs.
Cabinet with locked doors, an armchair on the left
Demetrio begs Alessandro to let his father go. When the latter refuses, he threatens him with his sword. Reluctantly, Alessandro gives him his signet ring. Demetrio sends a subordinate to free Antigono. A short time later, Clearchus comes and asks suspiciously where the signet ring came from. After Alessandro tells him, he threatens Demetrio with his saber. Since this threatens Alessandro as well, a stalemate arises. Ismene now reports that Antigono is free. As his goal has been achieved, Demetrio hands over his saber to Alessandro. Despite his anger, Alessandro renounces revenge against the now defenseless.
Berenice praises Demetrio for his nobility and confesses her love for him. Not wanting to betray his father, he decides to go out and kill himself. Berenice remains confused.
Royal castle
Antigono had Alessandro captured. However, he now misses Demetrio and lets them look for him. He generously releases Alessandro and gives him back his sword. Alessandro blames himself for treating Ismene so badly. Then Berenice brings the news that Demetrio wants to kill himself because of his unattainable love for her. She begs Antigono to save his son.
After Ismene has already prematurely reported Demetrio's death, Clearchus tells that he met him in the forest and stopped him from doing the crime. Demetrio is coming too. Antigono leaves Berenice to him as a thank you for his loyalty, and Ismene and Alessandro also get together.
history
The historical background of the invasion of Macedonia by Alexander II of Epirus , the victory over Antigonus II Gonatas and his defense by the young Demetrios, the son of Antigonos and later Demetrios II of Macedonia , is in Marcus Iunianus Iustinus ' excerpt of the 26th century. Book of Pompeius Trogus ' Historiae Philippicae . Claude Boyer's play La mort de Démétrius from 1660 could have served as a direct model for Metastasio's libretto . As with Metastasio, the framework is already overlaid by the complex love affairs, including Ismenes' love for Alexander.
More than 40 settings were made in the 18th century, at least six each for Naples and Rome. This was the most successful of his dramas first set to music by Johann Adolph Hasse . Nicola Conforto's setting from 1750 was his debut at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples and was successfully performed in London seven years later. Josep Durán brought the Italian style to Barcelona with his setting. The versions by Johann Nepomuk von Poißl and Antonio Gandini were made in the 19th century . A German translation of the libretto by Johann Leopold von Ghelen was published in Vienna in 1745 on the occasion of the name day of Empress Maria Theresa .
In 1795 Joseph Haydn set the scene of Berenice from the third act (scene 7) to music in his cantata Berenice che fai, Hob XXIVa: 10.
Settings
The following composers used this libretto for an opera:
| year | composer | premiere | Performance location | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1743 | Johann Adolph Hasse | October 10, 1743 for the Dresden court of August III. | Hubertusburg | also on January 20, 1744 in the Small Electoral Theater in Dresden; on September 10, 1744 in Hamburg; 1744 in Naples, revised by Antonio Palella ; 1746 in Braunschweig, partly German; 1747 in Milan; 1753 as Alessandro, re d'Epiro at the Teatro Ducale in Parma and various others |
|
| 1744 | Paolo Scalabrini | 1744, Theater an der Kotzen | Prague | also on September 10, 1744 and November 11, 1747 in the opera on Gänsemarkt in Hamburg |
|
| 1744 | Niccolò Jommelli | September 1744, Teatro Grande | Crema | revised in autumn 1746 in the Teatro in Lucca; Carnival 1757 at the Nuovo Teatro in Cremona |
|
| 1745 | Andrea Bernasconi | February 13, 1745, Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo | Venice | revised Carnival 1752 in the Teatro Dolfin in Treviso |
|
| 1746 | Baldassare Galuppi | May 24, 1746, King's Theater on Haymarket | London | first version | |
| 1750 | Georg Christoph Wagenseil | May 14, 1750, Schönbrunn Palace Theater | Vienna | ||
| 1750 | Nicola Conforto | December 18, 1750, Teatro San Carlo | Naples | also in 1757 at the King's Theater on Haymarket in London | |
| 1752 | Ferdinando Bertoni ( pasticcio ) | November 4, 1752, Teatro San Moisè | Venice | also Carnival 1754 in the Teatro Rangoni in Modena |
|
| 1752 | Melchiorre Chiesa and Giovanni Battista Sammartini ( pasticcio ) | December 26th 1752, Teatro Regio Ducale | Milan | ||
| 1754 | Giuseppe Sarti | 1754, Det Kongelige Teater | Copenhagen | Revised for the autumn fair 1765 in the Teatro Filarmonico in Verona | |
| 1754 | Gioacchino Cocchi | Carnival 1754 | Bergamo | ||
| 1755 | Antonio Maria Mazzoni | Autumn 1755, Palazzo Ribeira / Ópera do Tejo | Lisbon |
|
|
| 1756 | Christoph Willibald Gluck | February 9, 1756, Teatro Argentina | Rome |
|
|
| 1756 | Antonio Gaetano Pampani | December 26th 1756, Teatro Regio | Turin | also Carnival 1762 in the Teatro Omodeo in Pavia | |
| 1757 | Giuseppe Re | Carnival 1757, Teatro Omodeo | Pavia | ||
| 1758 | Antonio Ferradini | April 29, 1759 (information in the libretto: Mass 1758) | Reggio nell'Emilia | also Carnival 1760 in the Teatro Regio Ducale Vecchio in Mantua | |
| 1760 | Josep Durán | around June 30th 1760, Teatro de la Santa Creu | Barcelona | ||
| 1762 | Baldassare Galuppi | Carnival 1762, Teatro San Benedetto | Venice | second version |
|
| 1762 | Niccolò Piccinni | November 4, 1762, Teatro San Carlo | Naples | ||
| 1764 | Tommaso Traetta | June 16, 1764, Teatro Nuovo | Padua | also Carnival 1766 in the Teatro delle Dame in Rome; on September 22, 1770 in the Imperial Court Theater in Saint Petersburg | |
| 1765 | Francesco Zannetti | 1765, Teatro Nuovo | Livorno | ||
| 1766 | Giuseppe Scolari | May 30, 1766, Teatro San Carlo | Naples | ||
| 1767 | Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi | 31st January 1767, Teatro Regio Ducale | Milan | also Carnival 1777 in the Teatro Nazari in Cremona; Carnival 1778 at the Teatro dei Quattro Cavalieri Associati in Pavia | |
| 1767 | Gian Francesco de Majo | December 26th 1767, Teatro San Benedetto | Venice | also in autumn 1772 in the Teatro Condes in Lisbon | |
| 1768 | Johann Gottfried Schwanenberger | February 2, 1768, court theater | Braunschweig | ||
| 1769 | Pietro Pompeo Sales | January 2, 1769, Cuvilliés Theater | Munich | ||
| 1769 | Alessandro Felici | 18th January 1769, Teatro della Pergola | Florence |
|
|
| 1770 | Pasquale Cafaro | 13th August 1770, Teatro San Carlo | Naples | revised in 1774 | |
| 1772 | Carlo Ignazio Monza | February 18, 1772, Teatro Argentina | Rome | ||
| 1773 | Felice Alessandri | Spring 1773, Teatro Sant'Agostino | Genoa | ||
| 1773 | Pasquale Anfossi | Ascension Mass 1773, Teatro San Benedetto | Venice | also Carnival 1774 in the Teatro della Pergola in Florence; Somme 1775 in the Teatro degli Accademici Risvegliati in Pistoia; Spring 1779 in the Pubblico Teatro in Forlì; Spring 1780 in the Teatro San Sebastiano in Livorno; Carnival 1782 at the Teatro Zagnoni in Bologna | |
| 1775 | Gaetano Latilla | August 13th 1775, Teatro San Carlo | Naples | ||
| 1777 | anonymous | Autumn 1777, Teatro | Loreto | further performances of anonymous settings or pasticci in 1777 at King's Theater on Haymarket in London; Autumn 1790 in the Teatro degli Avvalorati in Livorno | |
| 1778 | Anton Adam Bachschmid | January 1778, court of Raymund Anton von Strasoldo | Eichstatt |
|
|
| 1778 | Michele Mortellari | Carnival 1778, Teatro Ducale | Modena | ||
| 1779 | Giuseppe Gazzaniga | January 31, 1779, Teatro Argentina | Rome | ||
| 1780 | Josef Mysliveček | 5th April 1780, Teatro delle Dame | Rome | ||
| 1780 | Paolo Francesco Parenti | 1780s | probably composed in the 1780s | ||
| 1781 | Luigi Gatti and Pasquale Anfossi | 3rd February 1781, Teatro alla Scala | Milan | ||
| 1785 | Giovanni Paisiello | January 12th 1785, Teatro San Carlo | Naples | ||
| 1786 | Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli | April 13th 1786, Teatro Ducale | Mantua | also in autumn 1786 at the Teatro Onigo in Treviso; Carnival 1791 at the Teatro Rangoni in Modena | |
| 1788 | Lorenzo Rossi | 1788, Teatro Civico | Alessandria | ||
| 1788 | Luigi Caruso | Carnival 1788, Teatro delle Dame | Rome | Revised on May 24, 1794 in the Teatro La Fenice in Venice | |
| 1794 | Francesco Ceracchini | October 21, 1794, Teatro della Pergola | Florence | ||
| 1798 | Antonio de Santis | January 12th 1798, Teatro San Carlo | Naples | ||
| 1808 | Johann Nepomuk of Poissl | February 12, 1808, Cuvilliés Theater | Munich | as Antigonus , “serious opera” in three acts |
|
| 1824 | Antonio Gandini | October 28, 1824, Teatro di Corte | Modena |
Recordings and performances in recent times
-
Christoph Willibald Gluck :
- 2019: Performance at the Margravial Opera House in Bayreuth as part of the International Gluck Festival . Handel Festival Orchestra Halle , conductor: Michael Hofstetter . Singers: Mauro Peter (Antigono), Anna Kasyan (Berenice), Samuel Marino (Demetrio), Francesca Lombardi Mazzulli (Ismene), Valer Sabadus (Alessandro), Terry Wey (Clearco). A recording was broadcast on Deutschlandfunk Kultur on July 20, 2019 .
-
Johann Adolph Hasse :
- 1999: Performance in the church of Lohmen . Batzdorfer Hofkapelle, conductor: Stefan Maass . Singers: Jean Pascal Schulze (Alessandro, Ismene), Antje Bitterlich (Berenice), Britta Schwarz (Demetrios), Tom Quaas (speaker). A recording was broadcast on October 3rd, 1999 on MDR Kultur .
-
Antonio Maria Mazzoni :
- 2011/2014: CD. Divino Sospiro, direction: Enrico Onofri . Singers: Michael Spyres , Geraldine McGreevy , Pamela Lucciarini , Ana Quintans , Maria Hinojosa Montenegro , Martín Oro
Web links
- Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Johann Adolph Hasse as full text from progettometastasio.it , accessed on October 1, 2014.
- Libretto (French) of the opera by Johann Adolph Hasse as full text at livretsbaroques.fr , accessed on October 1, 2014.
- Product information on the CD Antigono by Antonio Maria Mazzoni including PDF booklet with English libretto.
Digital copies
- ^ Johann Anton Koch: The abbot Peter Metastasio Kayserl. Royal Court Poet's Dramatic Poems, translated from Italian. Fifth volume. Krauss, Frankfurt and Leipzig in 1773 as digitization at the Munich digitization center .
- ↑ a b c Libretto (German translation by Johann Leopold von Ghelen), Vienna 1745 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Johann Adolph Hasse, Verona 1748. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Paolo Scalabrini, Hamburg 1744 as digitized version at the Berlin State Library .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Jommelli, Lucca 1746 as digitized version in the Internet Archive .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Andrea Bernasconi, Venice 1745. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Ferdinando Bertoni, Venice 1752. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Melchiorre Chiesa, Milan 1752. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Mazzoni, Lisbon 1755. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Christoph Willibald Gluck, Rome 1756 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Gaetano Pampani, Turin 1757 as a digitized version in the Internet Archive .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Ferradini, Reggio nell'Emilia 1758. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian / Spanish) of the opera by Josep Durán, Barcelona 1760 as a digitized version on Google Books .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Baldassare Galuppi, Venice 1762. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi, Milan 1767 as a digitized version on Google Books .
- ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera by Pietro Pompeo Sales, Munich 1769 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Pasquale Cafaro, Naples 1770 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Carlo Ignazio Monza, Rome 1772 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Pasquale Anfossi, Florence 1774 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gaetano Latilla, Naples 1775 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by anonymous, Livorno 1790. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Michele Mortellari, Modena 1778. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giuseppe Gazzaniga, Rome 1779 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Josef Mysliveček, Rome 1780 as a digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Luigi Gatti and Pasquale Anfossi, Milan 1781 as digitized version in the Internet Archive .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Paisiello, Naples 1785 as a digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli, Mantua 1786. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Luigi Caruso, Rome 1788 as digitized version in the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio de Santis, Naples 1798. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (German) of the opera by Johann Nepomuk von Poißl, Munich 1808 as digitized version at the Munich Digitization Center .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Gandini, Modena 1824. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Don Neville: Antigono. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ↑ Haydn - Berenice che fai ?. Work information on flaminioonline.it (Italian) , accessed on September 4, 2016.
- ^ Antigono (Johann Adolf Hasse) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 1, 2014.
- ↑ a b Antigono (Johann Adolph Hasse) at operabaroque.fr , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Paolo Scalabrini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on August 24, 2016.
- ^ Antigono (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Andrea Bernasconi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ A b c Don Neville: Metastasio [Trapassi], Pietro (Antonio Domenico Bonaventura). In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ↑ PARTITURE A STAMPA di Baldassare Galuppi at italianopera.org , accessed on October 1, 2014.
- ↑ List of stage works by Georg Christoph Wagenseil based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
- ^ Antigono (Nicolò Conforti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ List of stage works by Nicola Conforto based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on October 2, 2014.
- ^ Antigono (Ferdinando Bertoni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Melchiorre Chiesa) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Giuseppe Sarti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Gioacchino Cocchi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 2, 2014.
- ↑ Antigono (Antonio Mazzoni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Christoph Willibald Gluck) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ Antigono (Antonio Gaetano Pampani) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Giuseppe Re) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 2, 2014.
- ^ L'Antigono (Antonio Ferradini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Josep Durán) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ Antigono (Baldassare Galuppi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ Antigono (Niccolò Piccinni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on October 2, 2014.
- ↑ List of the stage works by Niccolò Piccinni based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 29, 2014.
- ↑ Antigono (Tommaso Traetta) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ L'Antigono (Francesco Zannetti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Francesco Zannetti) at Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed October 2, 2014.
- ↑ Antigono (Giuseppe Scolari) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Gian Francesco de Majo) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Johann Gottfried Schwanenberger) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ Antigono (Pietro Pompeo Sales) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ List of the stage works by Pietro Pompeo Sales based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on October 2, 2014.
- ↑ Antigono (Alessandro Felici) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Pasquale Cafaro) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ Antigono (Carlo Ignazio Monza) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Felice Alessandri) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ Antigono (Pasquale Anfossi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Gaetano Latilla) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ Antigono (Anton Bachschmidt) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Michele Mortellari) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Giuseppe Gazzaniga) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Josef Mysliveček) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ Carlo Gervasoni: Nuova Teoria di Musica , Parma 1812, p. 227 ( online at Google Books).
- ^ Antigono (Luigi Gatti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ Antigono (Giovanni Paisiello) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ Antigono (Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Lorenzo Rossi) at opening night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed October 2, 2014.
- ↑ Antigono (Luigi Caruso) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ List of the stage works by Luigi Caruso based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Francesco Cerrecchini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Antigono (Antonio de Santis) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ List of stage works by Johann Nepomuk Poißl based on the MGG at Operone, accessed on September 30, 2014.
- ↑ Antigono (Johann Nepomuk Poissl) at Opening Night! Opera & Oratorio Premieres , Stanford University, accessed October 2, 2014.
- ^ Antigono (Antonio Gandini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ↑ Monika Beer: On the way to Europe. Review of the performance of Gluck's setting in Bayreuth 2019. In: Opernwelt , August 2019, p. 68.
- ↑ The perfect ambience for baroque vows of love. Information on the broadcast of July 20, 2019 on Deutschlandfunk Kultur , accessed on January 2, 2020.
- ↑ Opera on the radio 1999 on euro-opera.de , accessed on January 27, 2015.
- ^ Antonio Mazzoni: Antigono - Enrico Onofri. CD information from Allmusic , accessed January 27, 2015.