Friedrich Tiedemann

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Friedrich Tiedemann, 1820

Friedrich Tiedemann (born August 23, 1781 in Kassel , † January 22, 1861 in Munich ) was a German anatomist and physiologist .

life and work

Tiedemann studied in Marburg, Würzburg, Paris and Göttingen and in 1806 received a professorship for anatomy and zoology at the University of Landshut . From 1816 until his retirement in 1849 he was professor of anatomy and physiology in Heidelberg. As director of the Anatomical Institute he was the successor of Jacob Fidelis Ackermann , Tiedemann was followed by Jacob Henle .

Soon after his appointment to Landshut, he published the three-volume work Zoology, designed for his lectures , from 1808–1814 . In the 1st volume he deals with humans and mammals, in the 2nd and 3rd the birds. In the Anatomy of the Educational History of the Brain , published in 1816, Tiedemann compared the embryonic development of the brain in vertebrates and humans and found principles of development that corresponded. He was one of the pioneers of the theory of evolution . Together with Leopold Gmelin , he published fundamental work on digestion in humans and animals during his time in Heidelberg ( Die Digestion after Trials , 1826-1827). Tiedemann's efforts to obtain more corpses for teaching in Heidelberg and the surrounding area were often unsuccessful. However, the Heidelberg anatomical collection experienced a considerable upswing under Tiedemann. He used these preparations for demonstration purposes during lectures. He prepared himself and had a great deal of craftsmanship.

Tiedemann was a determined exponent of an experimental natural science and rejected romantic natural research in the tradition of Schelling's natural philosophy . In the treatise On the Brain of the Negro, compared with that of the European and the Orang-Outang (1836), he joined the contemporary racist theories on which the research branch used to scientifically justify the "exploitation of part of humanity by white colonial masters" was based on racial anatomy and found that there are no innate intellectual differences between people of different skin color. When determining the volume of skull contents and brain sizes, he found "the same, average size fluctuating within certain limits in all human races", showed that humans neither have the largest brain in absolute terms nor in comparison to body size and thus contradicted the results of Soemmering, Broca and other colleagues of his time. Tiedemann's only publication was this treatise first published in English (in the “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London”) and only in 1837 in Heidelberg under the title Das Hirn des Negers compared with that of the Europeans and orang-outangs ( Orang-Utan is Malay and was translated as "forest man"). Tiedemann wanted to pay tribute to the abolition of slavery by the British government (1833). In 1828 he became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . Since 1812 he was a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences , since 1814 of the Académie des Sciences , since 1838 of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and since 1857 of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . In 1849 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

Tiedemann was married to Jenny Rosa von Holzing (1791–1871) since 1807. The marriage had seven children, three of whom died young. The three sons took part in the Baden Revolution in 1848/49 ; the eldest, Gustav , was shot in 1849, the other two emigrated to the United States. His daughter Kunigunde was married to Vincenz Fohmann in her first marriage and to Theodor von Bischoff in her second marriage .

The saying comes from Tiedemann

"Doctors without anatomy are like moles: they work in the dark and their hands are mounds of earth."

tomb

Grave of Friedrich Tiedemann in the grave of Theodor Bischoff in the Old Southern Cemetery in Munich (Gräberfeld 42 - Row 13 - Place 14 - Location )

The grave of Friedrich Tiedemann is in the grave of his son-in-law Theodor von Bischoff in the Old Southern Cemetery in Munich (Gräberfeld 42, row 13, place 14, location ).

Friedrich Tiedemann's daughter Kunigunde von Bischoff (born Tiedemann, * March 3, 1809, Nuremberg † March 23, 1889) had originally acquired the grave site for her father in 1861, before the grave site was converted into the Bischoff family grave when her husband Theodor von Bischoff died in 1883 was enlarged. Friedrich Tiedemann is no longer mentioned on the grave.

Fonts

  • Zoology, designed for his lectures , 1808–1814
  • with Martin Münz (panels): Anatomy and educational history of the brain in the human fetus: together with a comparative representation of the structure of the brain in animals , 1816 ( digitized version )
  • with Martin Münz: Anatomy of the tube holothuria of the pomeranian starfish and stone sea urchins: an award document crowned by the French Institute in MDCCCXII , Thomann, Landshut 1816 digitized
  • with Joseph Liboschitz and Nikolaus Michael Oppel : Natural history of the amphibians. Issue 1: Crocodile genus , Heidelberg: Engelmann 1817
  • The digestion after experiments , 2 volumes, 1826–1827
  • On the Brain of the Negro, compared with that of the European and the Orang-Outang , London 1836 (German: Das Hirn des Negers compared with that of the European and Orang-Outang , Heidelberg 1837, digitized version )
  • Human Physiology , CW Leske, 1836 digitized version
  • History of tobacco and other similar luxury foods , 1854

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Friedrich Tiedemann  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Sara Doll: Friedrich Tiedemann, Profession: Anatom. In: Sara Doll, Joachim Kirsch, Wolfgang U. Eckart (eds.): When death serves life - man as a teaching aid. Springer, Germany 2017, pp. 27–28. doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-662-52674-3
  2. ^ Ernst Klee: German Medicine in the Third Reich. Careers before and after 1945. 2001, cited here: p. 147.
  3. ^ Ernst Klee: German Medicine in the Third Reich. Careers before and after 1945. 2001, p. 147.
  4. ↑ Kornelia Grundmann: The Race Skull Collection of the Marburg Museum Anatomicum as an example for the craniology of the 19th century and its development up to the time of National Socialism. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 13, 1995, pp. 351-370, here: p. 353.
  5. ^ List of members Leopoldina, Friedrich Tiedemann
  6. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF file) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed April 16, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Claudia Denk, John Ziesemer: "Grabstätte 186" in Art and Memoria, Der Alte Südliche Friedhof in Munich (2014), p. 497 ff


personal data
SURNAME Tiedemann, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German anatomist and physiologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 23, 1781
PLACE OF BIRTH kassel
DATE OF DEATH January 22, 1861
Place of death Munich