Johann Rudolf Meyer (manufacturer, 1768)

The only existing portrait (Joseph Reinhart, approx. 1790).

A volume of Meyer's theory of nature, Aarau 1807.

Johann Rudolf Meyer Sohn (born  April 3, 1768 in Aarau , Republic of Bern , †  1825 probably in Mannheim , Grand Duchy of Baden ) was a Swiss silk ribbon manufacturer , naturalist, revolutionary and alpinist . He built the Meyer's tunnels and the Meyerhaus in Aarau and founded the oldest canton school in Switzerland . After the counter-revolution against the Helvetic Republic , he temporarily emigrated to Bavaria . One published by himThe encyclopedia of chemistry remained a torso . With his brother Hieronymus he climbed a four-thousand-meter peak for the first time in Switzerland . After his father left him debts, he ended up as a counterfeiter in the penitentiary .

Life

Meyersche Stollen and Meyerhaus

Johann Rudolf Meyer - hereinafter referred to as Meyer - was the eldest son of the Aarau silk ribbon manufacturer of the same name, philanthropist, patron and revolutionary (1739–1813) and the doctor’s daughter Elisabeth Hagnauer (1741–1781). Of his five surviving siblings, he was closest to Hieronymus called Jérôme (1769–1844). When Meyer was thirteen, he lost his mother. Two years later, the father married Marianne Renner (1747–1823), sister of an imperial general and the owner of Bad Schinznach . In 1788 Meyer went on a seven-month trip with Jérôme to the sales area of ​​his father's factory, which led to Stockholm and Riga . Determined to be a dyer and appreteur , he then studied physics for two semesters with Georg Christoph Lichtenberg in Göttingen and a few weeks in mineralogy with Abraham Gottlob Werner in Freiberg (Saxony). There he made friends with a favorite student of Werner, Johann Samuel von Gruner (1766-1824), who was distantly related to his stepmother. In 1790 Meyer and Jérôme joined the family company. In the same year, to the displeasure of his father, he married his impoverished childhood sweetheart Margarete Saxer (1769-1805). The couple had four children, of which Johann Rudolf (1791–1833) and Johann Gottlieb (1793–1829) reached adulthood.

Meyerhaus , garden facade before 1939.

Meyersche Stollen .

His wife's siblings had a piece of land outside the city. From 1791 onwards, Meyer drained part of it by building the Meyer's tunnels. He found the miners he needed in the iron mine of the state of Bern in neighboring Küttigen . He was familiar with mining because his father was involved in the Trachsellauenen lead-silver mine at the foot of the Jungfrau . Expert knowledge contributed by Gruner, who moved to Meyer in 1792 after completing his geology studies and was entrusted with the management of the aforementioned mines. In the year mentioned Meyer bought the land from the Saxer siblings. 1794–1797 he had a castle-like villa built there by Johann Daniel Osterrieth (1768–1839) from Strasbourg, which he lived in with Jérôme. In the two basement floors of the Meyerhaus he set up a silk dyeing factory that was supplied with water through the tunnels and replaced the one in the father's factory (now the Golatti retirement and nursing home).

Participation in the Helvetic Revolution

In 1798 the Meyer family took part in the Helvetic Revolution and made a significant contribution to the development of the Bernese Unteraargau into the independent canton of Aargau . Like his father, Jérôme and brother-in-law Johann Gottlieb Hunziker, Meyer worked on the Aarau Revolutionary Committee (Security Committee). He did not shrink from calling the French for help against his father's will. In addition to Gruner, who became the national printer and later chief miner of the Helvetic Republic , he also housed Heinrich Pestalozzi for months . The pedagogue was an enthusiastic supporter of the unified state and its best-known propagandist. Meyer took over the management of the family company when his father was elected to the Senate. Osterrieth was commissioned to plan the expansion of Aarau into the capital of the Helvetic Republic. From his project, however, only the Laurenzenvorstadt was implemented, as Lucerne became the new seat of government after just five months . In 1799, Meyer and Gruner tried to keep the Küttigen mine operating, but ceded it to the Helvetic mine administration again the following year.

Andreas Moser ( Johann Ulrich Schellenberg , 1800).

Aarau, 1809. 1:  Meyerhaus . 2: Cantonal school. 3:  Telliring (oldest gymnasium in Switzerland).

Seat of the district school was today to 1896 administration building .

In 1801 Meyer hired the Bavarian Pestalozzi student Andreas Moser (1766–1806) as private tutor and librarian. Probably under his influence, he demanded in an essay "that in any public education, whether physical or mental, there should be no interference of beliefs of any kind". Together with Gruner, he initiated the establishment of the oldest canton school in Switzerland, which opened in 1802. Moser also took part. He also introduced the Pestalozzian teaching method at Aarau's city schools. Because of Moser's other demands, Meyer sent his sons to Pestalozzi's institute in Burgdorf . The father and Jérôme helped finance the canton school. Meyer himself taught chemistry and physics there free of charge. The head of the school was the first editorial secretary of the Helvetian government, Georg Franz Hofmann . Maths teacher Johann Christian Martin Bartels was like Meyer a Lichtenberg student.

With the Telliring, Moser created the oldest gymnasium in Switzerland. In his work Common Sense , published in 1800 , he had openly propagated deism in addition to democracy . That is why Pastor Johann Jakob Pfleger made him the target of a smear campaign a few months after the cantonal school opened. The old-minded clergyman thus gave the signal for the outbreak of the counter-revolution against the Helvetic Republic ( Stecklikkrieg ), which Bern's aristocracy had prepared for a long time. Threatened with death, Moser had to flee to Munich. As a result, all other cantonal school teachers of the revolutionary period were dismissed and most of them were expelled from Aarau.

Emigration to Bavaria

Gratitude for that Elector Max Joseph , the monastery Geisenfeld had sold the Meyer family, the citizens built him this honor column.

When Bonaparte dissolved the Helvetic Republic in 1803, the Meyer family also faced political persecution. She therefore transferred her factory and her assets to Bavaria , where Elector Max Joseph and his Minister Montgelas carried out radical reforms. Relatives of Meyer's stepmother, the Barons von Schwachheim , had made a career in Bavaria. The first location of the Meyer's factory colony was Rohrbach an der Ilm Castle ( Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm district ), which belonged to an acquaintance of the Schwachheim family. In 1803 the Meyer family bought the abolished Geisenfeld and Wolnzach monasteries in the vicinity of Rohrbach , but exchanged them for those in Polling , Rottenbuch and Steingaden ( Weilheim-Schongau district ) in 1804 . The purchase negotiations were conducted by Gruner. Meyer alternated with Jérôme in the administration of Bavarian goods.

Around 300 people emigrated with their families. At first the colony consisted of Aargau and Basel bidders. The factory in Bavaria did not thrive because the Basel silk ribbon cartel poached it for the trimmings . The colony was joined by participants in the buck war of 1804, an uprising against the rule of the city of Zurich over the rest of the canton. The emigrants were successful in raising Swiss cattle. After Meyer lost his wife, he married Gruner's illegitimate daughter Marie in 1805 (life data unknown), who was hardly older than his sons. After the marriage he took over the administration of the Bavarian goods again. The couple spent their honeymoon in the thunder of cannons, as the French and Austrians fought in the area. Gruner bought four Schwaigen (cattle breeding farms) from Meyer , which he leased from him in return.

The Meyer's theory of nature

Catalog of Meyer's natural science library, which comprised around 40,000 volumes.

Meyer's passion, however, was the natural sciences. In 1805 he published a geognostic overview of the Helvetian mountain formations , which was wrongly attributed to Gruner. An early geological map of Switzerland can be found in the appendix. In 1806 he dedicated an encyclopedia of practical chemistry with the title Systematic Presentation of All Experiences in Natural Science to the elector of Bavaria, who was raised to the rank of king . Its basis was the scientific library, which he had acquired since 1790. With 40,000 volumes, it is said to have been the third largest in the German-speaking area. The study of nature was edited by four young German doctors who were quartered with the writer Heinrich Zschokke at Biberstein Castle. One of them, Karl Albrecht Kielmann, described Meyer at the time as "a man of rare genius and boundless perseverance in pursuing his ends". The work was printed at Meyer's expense by the later publisher Heinrich Remigius Sauerländer .

Because Meyer was unable to make up for the losses caused by emigration, although he sold parts of the Bavarian goods, he was deposed by his father in 1807. He then returned to Aarau to save the book project. Marie must have died before. Her father Gruner filed a lawsuit against his former friend in 1808 because he owed him the rent for his couples. In the dispute with his father, Meyer was supported by Jérôme. In 1809 he married his 16-year-old stepdaughter Christiane Luise Vinnassa (1793-1859). He also sold the Meyerhaus to Jérôme . He expanded the natural science project . When four of the twenty planned volumes were published, he temporarily relocated his physical institute to the University of Freiburg im Breisgau . But he was no longer able to finance the encyclopedia. This is also because from 1810 he built a new factory behind the villa in Aarau. With the help of a large underground water wheel, this used the energy of the water in the Meyer's tunnels to drive finishing machines.

First ascent of the Jungfrau

Virgin , photography, 1878.

In 1811 Meyer became the founding president of the Aargau Natural Research Society. He and Jérôme achieved international fame when they climbed the 4158 m high Jungfrau on August 3rd of that year together with the chamois hunters Joseph Bortis and Alois Volken from Fieschertal (Valais), making them the first people in Switzerland to climb a four-thousand-meter peak. Meyer helped by lifting and carrying loads that three men could hardly cope with, and that he had once knocked the strongest wrestler to the ground in Interlaken . In 1812 he organized another “trip to the ice mountains of Canton Bern”, during which his 18-year-old son Johann Gottlieb repeated the ascent of the Jungfrau and three guides from his 20-year-old son Johann Rudolf are said to have conquered the 4274 m high Finsteraarhorn . At that time, Meyer developed the idea of ​​taking height measurements with the help of the pendulum.

In 1811 he bought his father's warehouse, assets, factory equipment and looms. Nevertheless, the father took out a mortgage on Meyer's future inheritance, Rottenbuch and Steingaden , which exceeded the value of the goods. In 1812 he ceded Polling to Jérôme, who returned there and also took over the lead of the process with Gruner. When his father died in 1813, Meyer paid off the debt on Rottenbuch and Steingaden for the sake of the family honor. Jérôme was raised to hereditary nobility in 1814 for his services to Bavarian agriculture. In 1816 he lost the trial against Gruner. In the same year Meyer had to sell Rottenbuch and Steingaden back to the Bavarian state for a stick of cardboard. Nevertheless, in the famine year of 1817 , he made planting land available to poor people on his estate in Erlinsbach , which prompted Zschokke to comment: "May the good heavens richly reward this benefactor!" In the same year Meyer seems to have tried to turn his library into money in Vienna with the Basel bookseller Samuel Flick . After Jérôme Polling had sold one of his stepmother's nephews, he bought Ammerland Castle on Lake Starnberg in 1818 , where a confidant of Napoleon who had been sentenced to death had previously been hiding. There Meyer could have found refuge from his creditors. In 1819 he does not seem to have stayed in Aarau any more. Christiane Luise had returned to her mother in Bavaria. It is also conceivable that Meyer stayed in Paris with his sister Susanna Dorothea Hunziker (1767–1838), who then lost her husband.

As a counterfeiter in the penitentiary

Such 6 Kreuzer pieces made of silver-plated brass were found at Meyer.

In 1820 Meyer negotiated with the government of the Grand Duchy of Baden in Karlsruhe about the sale of his library. He also showed a copy of the relief of Switzerland in an inn for a fee , which his father had made by Johann Heinrich Weiss (1758–1826) from Strasbourg and Joachim Eugen Müller (1752–1833) from Engelberg . In October, however, Meyer was arrested for putting false 6 and 24 Kreuzer pieces into circulation. Embossing devices, coin dies and fake 6-Kreuzer pieces were found in his apartment . Meyer escaped from the police station, but was arrested again after a chase. The Allgemeine Zeitung wrote: "One does not understand how the respected, knowledgeable and wealthy man could sink so deeply."

During the 20 months of pre- trial detention , Meyer did not name any accomplices . In 1822 he was sentenced to three years in prison by the court in Rastatt . His last surviving expression of life is a letter dated April 28, 1822 from Karlsruhe. In it he writes to the stepmother: “In my time I will be able to justify myself to the world about everything.” He served the sentence in Mannheim . According to Franz Xaver Bronner, he died in the year in which he would have been released, that is, at the age of 57 years or less - possibly of tuberculosis .

Ludwig Thilo (1789–1831), who had been a cantonal school teacher from 1810–1818 and secretary of the Aargau Natural Research Society from 1815–1818, wrote about the dead friend: “This virtuous and celibate man was full of enthusiasm for science, but believed the law in force be nothing other than the right of the strongest; maybe he was the victim of this opinion? His tragic end cannot diminish the extent of his merits (...) "

Damnatio memoriae

Mint of the Canton of Aargau (only upper floors visible) in front of the Schlössli ( David Alois Schmid , around 1812).

With his crime, Meyer compromised the liberals with whom he had socialized in Freiburg and Karlsruhe, and his hometown, which was already decried as the " Jacobin nest ". Therefore he succumbed to the Damnatio memoriae . Neither the Aarauer Zeitung nor Zschokke's honest and experienced Swiss messenger reported his arrest. There are no more files on the subsequent criminal proceedings in either Karlsruhe or Aarau . On March 12, 1821, the Aargau government conducted a “secret council negotiation”, the “secret protocol” of which has disappeared. Presumably, it was decided at the time to cover up the affair , which was not difficult with the press censorship that had just been tightened . When the Aarau District Court declared Meyer insolvent and incapacitated in September 1821 , it pretended not to know his whereabouts. Against its better judgment, this court was supposed to declare Meyer missing in 1917. His legacy had been destroyed. During the Helvetic Revolution, however, he had walled up papers under a secret staircase in the Meyerhaus , which came to light when the building was converted into a Roman Catholic rectory in 1939. They are now in the Aarau City Archives, but have still not been cataloged.

It may never be possible to clarify where Meyer faked money. Opportunity would have had time, he probably in dyeing under his mansion, in his institute in Freiburg, in his factory, in his apartment in Karlsruhe and - in the 1807-1819 operating mint of the Canton of Aargau at the foot of Schlösslis . Mint master David Anton Städelin was already 82 years old when the minting stopped, Johann Jakob Trog was married to a relative of Meyer's mother. Embossing dies, which are said to have been found under a room floor in the Meyerhaus in the 1870s , could have been intended for the production of other types of coins than those found in Karlsruhe. In any case, the French ambassador to Switzerland, Count Auguste Talleyrand, had already voiced the suspicion in 1819 that counterfeit 5- franc coins in circulation in Alsace came from a forger's workshop in Aarau (“que l'atelier de cette fabrication frauduleuse existe à Arau”).

A great-grandson of Zschokke, who wrote a story of the extinct Meyer family in 1934, confined himself to the statement that the glory of the Jungfrau conqueror had unfortunately "darkened due to unfortunate circumstances". The 1996 comic by Reto Gloor and Markus Kirchhofer about Meyer and his father ends in the imaginary . When Meyer's true fate became known in 2011, it turned out to be as spectacular as the one invented by the authors - even without the appearance of a monster .

The end of the Meyer house

Meyer's son of the same name ( Rudolf Lehmann , Rudolf Rey, 1852).

Meyer's sons only survived their father by eight or four years. Johann Rudolf seems to have suffered from the loss of his mother and to have disapproved of his father's marriages with young girls. Under the influence of Ernst August Evers , who cleaned the canton school of Pestalozzians, he became a reactionary esthete, which may have deepened the estrangement from his father. After studying medicine in Tübingen , he married a half-sister of his mother in 1817, renouncing the citizenship of Aarau, and settled in Konstanz . There he published a book on natural philosophy in 1820 , which his father probably disliked as much as the former Helvetian minister Albrecht Rengger . After his father was arrested, Johann Rudolf returned to Aarau to teach at the canton school. Before he died at the age of 42, he had his father's library in Schaffhausen auctioned in 1831 . His brother Johann Gottlieb became a businessman and took over his father's company. When tuberculosis killed him at the age of 33, the factory and villa came into the possession of his associate Friedrich Heinrich Feer.

One of the daughters of Hieronymus, who died in Munich at the age of 75, was married to the head of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria . Christiane Luise had got her dowry back when her marriage to Meyer was divorced in January 1822. But she kept the name of her husband, whom she survived by 34 years. She found her final resting place in Langen, Hesse . The other Meyer also left Aarau. The last member of the family died as a doctor in Zurich in 1930. As mentioned, the Roman Catholic parish in Aarau converted the Meyerhaus into a parsonage in 1939 . In 1940, she built the Church of St. Peter and Paul in the rest of the park that was once part of it. Meyer's factory, including the underground bike room, had to give way to the extension of the main post office in the 1980s.

Fonts

• About principles of social connections. In an unknown publication, pp. 47–58, separate print Arau 1801.
• A bold word about the letter from the 40 citizens to Herr Kammerer Pfleger, together with an assessment of his answer to the same. (Aarau 1802.)
• Illumination of a few passages in Herr Kammerer Pflegeer's writing concerning the educational institutions in Arau. Aarau 1802.
• Geognostic overview of the Helvetian mountain formations. In Heinrich Zschokke , Johann Heinrich Füssli (ed.): Isis, a monthly publication by German and Swiss scholars. Volume 2, Orell Füssli , Zurich October 1805, pp. 857–878, 1121 (“by Rudolf Meyer in Aarau”), map; Reprinted under the title Geognostische Uebersicht über die Alpen in Helvetien in Carl Ulysses von Salis in Marschlins , Johann Rudolph Steinmüller (Ed.): Alpina. A writing dedicated to the precise knowledge of the Alps. Volume 1, Steinerische Buchhandlung, Winterthur 1806, pp. 244–265 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzut%2Fcontent%2Fzoom%2F2354658~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D), p. 244 (“by Mr. S. Gruner from Bern, former Helvetian mine director”).
• Systematic presentation of all experiences in the study of nature, designed by Johann Rudolph Meyer the Younger, edited by several scholars. 4 volumes (no longer published): 1st part (Ludwig von Schmidt, called Phiseldeck: systematic presentation of all experiences about more general potencies ), 3 volumes, In Commission with Heinrich Remigius Sauerländer, Arau 1806-1808, 1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzuz%2Fcontent%2Fzoom%2F10167111~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D , 2:  Digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzuz%2Fcontent%2Fzoom%2F10167729~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D , 3:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzuz%2Fcontent%2Fzoom%2F10168187~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ; 3rd part (Karl Albrecht Kielmann: systematic presentation of all experiences about the individual metals ), 1st volume, at the expense of Johann Rudolph Meyer des Jüngern, Arau 1807, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzuz%2Fcontent%2Fzoom%2F10324650~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D (2nd volume not published).
• Special discussions about the formality of Meyer's work and information about the course of its future continuation. Aarau 1808 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D6Fo_AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPR1~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
• Travel to the Jungfrau Glacier and climb its summit. Taken by Joh. Rudolf Meyer and Hieronymus Meyer von Aarau in August 1811. Especially reprinted from the miscommunication for the latest world customer. (Aarau 1811.) ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DSSsVAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA1~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseiten%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).

literature

• Ludwig Thilo: Sur l'idée de M. Rodolphe Meyer, de mesurer les hauteurs des montagnes au moyen du pendule. In: Correspondance mathématique et physique, Volume 5, Hayez, Bruxelles 1829, pp. 337-347 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3Dqbw2AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3D337~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D).
• Ernst Zschokke: The Meyer family from Aarau. In: Aarauer Neujahrsblätter, 1934, pp. 3–56 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Danb-001%3A1934%3A8%2311~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Linus Birchler : The Feerengut in Aarau. In: Aarauer Neujahrsblätter, 1939, pp. 47–55 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Danb-001%3A1939%3A13%2354~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Paul Ammann-Feer: The Feergut and the Meyer family. In: Aarauer Neujahrsblätter, 1940, pp. 3–34 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Danb-001%3A1940%3A14%2310~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Paul Ammann-Feer: The Feergut. Its history and its inhabitants. In: Building document for the inauguration of the Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul in Aarau, Aarau 1940, pp. 105–128.
• Sarah Brian Scherer: Meyer, Johann Rudolf. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . (June 27, 2007.)
• Peter Genner: From Aarau to Bavaria. Emigration and decline of the Meyer family of entrepreneurs. In: Aarauer Neujahrsblätter, 2011, pp. 36–69 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Danb-001%3A2011%3A85%2344~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D), 2012, p. 97–143 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Danb-001%3A2012%3A86%23105~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
• Peter Genner: After the rule of the monastery - Swiss revolutionaries in the Pfaffenwinkel. In: Der Welf, Yearbook of the Historisches Verein Schongau , 2013, pp. 69–192 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F27650986%2FAfter_dem_End_der_Klosterherrschaft_Schweizer_Revolution%C3%A4re_im_Pfaffenseite%3D%3D%3D~IA%3ZD%3D%3D%3D~IA%3D%3D~MD 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D), with family tree .
• Peter Genner: Johann Rudolf Meyer son (1768–1825) and the Meyer family. IG Meyersche Stollen, Aarau 2015 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2F2019.meyerschestollen.ch%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F03%2F150914_genner-text_j.r._meyer_sohn__fam._meyer.pdfIA~%3D 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Andreas Zimmerli: The Meyer's tunnels in Aarau. A building history of this extraordinary complex. IG Meyersche Stollen, Aarau 2015 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2F2019.meyerschestollen.ch%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F03%2F150914_die_meyerschen_stollen_eine_baugeschichte.pdf~GB%3D0DZ%3D SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
• Peter Genner: 200 years ago. Aaraus hushed up counterfeit money affair. In: Schweizer Münzblätter , September 2020, issue 279, pp. 101–117.

Web link

Commons : Johann Rudolf Meyer (industrialist, 1768)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual references and comments

1. ↑ Hans Joachim Herde: The audience of physics . Lichtenberg's listener. Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 978-3835300156 , pp. 17, 430, 750.
2. ↑ Martin Pestalozzi: The Unteraargau rebellion against the Bern contingent to defend against the French in 1798. In: Aarauer Neujahrsblätter, 1998, pp. 44–79, here: pp. 52 f. ( Digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Danb-001%3A1998%3A72%2361~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
3. ↑ On principles of social connections. In an unknown publication, pp. 47–58, separate print Arau 1801. Quoted from a review in: Der neue Schweizerische Republikaner (Bern), August 11, 1801, p. 416 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Ddsr-003%3A1801%3A4%23429~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ). In: The Republican based on liberal principles (Bern), December 27, 1801, p. 143 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DK9FYAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA143~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ), is named as the author "Meyer, Sohn, in Aarau".
4. ↑ Common sense about the art of making people happy (...) printed in the land of freedom for the year of the present and the time of the future. Johann Jakob Hausknecht, St. Gallen 1800; 2nd edition, Huber & Co., St. Gallen 1807 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DycFLAAAAcAAJ%26printsec%3Dfrontcover~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
5. ↑ Johann Jakob Pfleger: A word to his dear fellow citizens for instruction, warning and reassurance about Moser's common sense, Arau (June 9th) 1802. Cf. Johann Rudolf Meyer (father) et al. : To the citizen carer, chamberlain and first pastor in Aarau, (Aarau) June 29, 1802; Contributions to the assessment of the feud between the pastor and chamberlain, with Moser's common sense, (Aarau 1802); ditto, first continuation, (Aarau 1802); Johann Rudolf Meyer: A bold word about the letter from the 40 citizens to Herr Kammerer Pfleger, together with an assessment of his answer to the same (Aarau 1802); the same: Illumination of some passages in Herr Kammerer Pflegeer's writing concerning the educational institutions in Arau, Aarau 1802; Andreas Moser: The struggle of a layman with a priest (...) Helvetia (Bern) 1802 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DuzdOAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA1%26dq%3DDer%2BKampf%2Beines%2BLaien%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwj53fmqscEx3HUKEwj53fmqscDNAQ3HU%JDa%3D0ahUKEwj53fmqscDNAhU%26% 2520Kampf% 2520eines% 2520Laien% 26f% 3Dfalse ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
6. ^ Peter Genner: The hosts of the Helvetic Society. The Schwachheim-Renner family as the owners of Bad Schinznach and their emigration to Bavaria. In: Argovia, 2012, pp. 126-179 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Darg-001%3A2012%3A124%23138~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D).
7. ↑ Geognostic overview of the Helvetian mountain formations. In Heinrich Zschokke , Johann Heinrich Füssli (Ed.): Isis, a monthly publication by German and Swiss scholars. Volume 2, Orell Füssli , Zurich October 1805, pp. 857–878, 1121 (“by Rudolf Meyer in Aarau”), map.
8. ^ So in the reprint with the title Geognostische Uebersicht über die Alpen in Helvetien in Carl Ulysses von Salis in Marschlins , Johann Rudolph Steinmüller (Ed.): Alpina. A writing dedicated to the precise knowledge of the Alps. Volume 1, Steinerische Buchhandlung, Winterthur 1806, pp. 244–265 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzut%2Fcontent%2Fzoom%2F2354658~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D), here: p. 244 (“by Mr. S. Gruner from Bern, former Helvetian mine director”).
9. ^ Catalog on the scientific library bequeathed by Johann Rudolph Meyer sel. Aarau 1827 (pasted over: Schaffhausen 1831).
10. ^ New general journal of chemistry, 3rd volume, 3rd issue, Heinrich Frölich, Berlin 1804, p. 2 of a double-page supplement after p. 332 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fzs.thulb.uni-jena.de%2Frsc%2Fviewer%2Fjportal_derivate_00164077%2FNAJCh_1804_Bd03_%25200353 MDZ% ​​3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
11. ↑ Johann Rudolf Meyer: Special discussions about the formality of Meyer's work and information about the course of the future continuation of the same, Aarau 1808 ( digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3D6Fo_AAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPR1~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
12. ↑ Systematic presentation of all experiences in the study of nature, designed by Johann Rudolph Meyer the Disciples, edited by several scholars. 4 volumes (no longer published), Aarau 1806–1808. The three-volume 1st part (light, heat, electricity, magnetism, oxygen, hydrogen, water, nitrogen, coal, atmospheric air) was drawn by Ludwig von Schmidt, called Phiseldeck (1:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzuz%2Fcontent%2Fzoom%2F10167111~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D , 2:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzuz%2Fcontent%2Fzoom%2F10167729~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D , 3:  digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzuz%2Fcontent%2Fzoom%2F10168187~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ) Volume of the 3rd part (platinum, gold, silver, mercury, lead, bismuth, nickel, copper, arsenic) Karl Albrecht Kielmann ( digital copyhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzuz%2Fcontent%2Fzoom%2F10324650~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ). The other two employees were August Gerhard Gottfried Lichtenstein and Andreas Albrecht Ludwig Dehne.
13. ↑ In Freiburg im Breisgau , Ludwig von Schmidt, called Phiseldeck, and the physicist Gustav Friedrich Wucherer formed the editorial team. After Schmidt's death, it was managed by the chemist Franz von Ittner for a short time .
14. ↑ Festschrift published by the Aarau Natural Research Society (…) H. R. Sauerländer, Aarau 1869, pp. 16-18 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzuz%2Fnagezh%2Fcontent%2Fzoom%2F8967472~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
15. ↑ Journey to the Jungfrau Glacier and climbing its summit. Taken by Joh. Rudolf Meyer and Hieronymus Meyer von Aarau in August 1811. Specially reprinted from the mishaps for the latest world customer. (Aarau 1811.) ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DSSsVAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA1~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseiten%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D )
16. ↑ Abraham Emanuel Fröhlich : Memories of Prof. Dr. Rudolf Meyer. In: Alpenrosen on the year 1852, Aarau / Thun 1851 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DbHNXAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3Di~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ), pp. I – LVI, here: p. LIV f.
17. ^ Heinrich Zschokke: Journey to the ice mountains of the canton of Bern and climbing their highest peaks in the summer of 1812. With a map of the glaciers traveled. Aarau 1813. ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DYINRAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA1~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D )
18. ↑ Ludwig Thilo: Sur l'idée de M. Rodolphe Meyer, de mesurer les hauteurs des montagnes au moyen du pendule. In: Correspondance mathématique et physique, Volume 5, Hayez, Bruxelles 1829, pp. 337-347 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3Dqbw2AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3D337~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D).
19. ↑ Heinrich Zschokke : The honest and well-experienced Swiss messenger (Aarau), March 25, 1819, p. 95 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DlZRDAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA92~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
20. ^ Intelligence sheet of the Unter-Donau-Kreis ( Passau ), June 18, 1817, p. 330 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fopacplus.bsb-muenchen.de%2Ftitle%2F4262359%2Fft%2Fbsb10345552%3Fpage%3D334~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); Renewed patriotic papers for the Austrian imperial state ( Vienna ), July 2, 1817, p. 212 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fopacplus.bsb-muenchen.de%2Ftitle%2F11570493%2Fft%2Fbsb11030620%3Fpage%3D10~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
21. ↑ Golo Mann tells Count Lavallette's escape from death row in: A true story, ed. v. Peter Marxer, Kilchberg 1985.
22. ↑ Le Constitutionnel (Paris), December 7, 1820, p. 2 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.retronews.fr%2Fjournal%2Fle-constitutionnel%2F7-decembre-1820%2F22%2F463745%2F2~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
23. ↑ Karlsruher Zeitung, August 1, 1820, p. 996 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fdigital.blb-karlsruhe.de%2Fblbz%2Fzeitungen%2Fperiodical%2Fzoom%2F1475387~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
24. ^ Karlsruher Zeitung, 8./10. November 1820, pp. 1468, 1487 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fdigital.blb-karlsruhe.de%2Fblbz%2Fzeitungen%2Fperiodical%2Fzoom%2F1475783~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); Royal Württemberg State and Government Gazette, December 6, 1820, p. 620 f. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3Dcj5GAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3D620~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ).
25. ↑ Der Narrator ( St. Gallen ), November 17, 1820, p. 227 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-newspaperarchives.ch%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DEZR18201117-01.2.3~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ); Züricher Freitags-Zeitung, November 17, 1820, p. 1 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-newspaperarchives.ch%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DZFZ18201117-01.1.1~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
26. ↑ Allgemeine Zeitung ( Augsburg ), November 1, 1820, p. 1224 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fopacplus.bsb-muenchen.de%2Ftitle%2F3257713%2Fft%2Fbsb10504273%3Fpage%3D500~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
27. ↑ Aarau City Archives, Meyer to the Stepmother, April 28, 1822.
28. ↑ Peter Genner: 200 years ago. Aaraus hushed up counterfeit money affair. In: Schweizer Münzblätter , 2020 (in press).
29. ^ Franz Xaver Bronner : The Canton Aargau. Volume 2, St. Gallen / Bern 1844 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DIBsPAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3D41%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelsided%3D~LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ), p. 41.
30. ↑ Ludwig Thilo: Sur l'idée de M. Rodolphe Meyer, de mesurer les hauteurs des montagnes au moyen du pendule. In: Correspondance mathématique et physique, Volume 5, Hayez, Bruxelles 1829, pp. 337–347, quotation: p. 337 / note. 1 ( digitalhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3Dqbw2AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3D337~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D copy): “Cet homme vertueux et sobre, était plein d'enthousiasme pour les sciences, et ne regardait les lois civiles que comme le résultat de la volonté du plus continued; peut-être est-il devenu la victime de cette opinion? Sa fin tragique ne peut diminuer la grandeur de ses mérites (...) »
31. ^ State Archives Canton Aargau , RRB / 1821/01, p. 139; not in RK / 0005, “Secret Archive”.
32. ↑ Paul Ammann-Feer: The Feergut and the Meyer family. In: Aarauer Neujahrsblätter, 1940, pp. 3–34, here: p. 4 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Danb-001%3A1940%3A14%2311~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
33. ↑ Paul Ammann-Feer: The Feergut. Its history and its inhabitants. In: Building document for the inauguration of the Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul in Aarau, Aarau 1940, pp. 105–128, here: p. 114.
34. ↑ state archive Aargau, R01.F04.0002, No. 27, f 265 f, 272...; RRB / 1819/01, pp. 323, 332, 475.
35. ↑ Ernst Zschokke: The Meyer family from Aarau. In: Aarauer Neujahrsblätter, 1934, pp. 3–56, here: p. 36 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Danb-001%3A1934%3A8%2348~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
36. ^ Reto Gloor / Markus Kirchhofer: Meyer & Meyer. When Aarau was the capital of Switzerland. Reprint of the first edition from 1996, Edition Moderne, Zurich 2015.
37. ↑ Peter Genner: The Aarau Jungfrau first climber forged money. In: Aargauer Zeitung, August 3, 2011, p. 29 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.aargauerzeitung.ch%2Faargau%2Faarau%2Fder-aarauer-jungfrau-erstbesteiger-faelscht-geld-111448617~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
38. ↑ Rudolph Meyer: The spirits of nature. W. Wallis, Constanz 1820; The spirits of nature. A new work, not a second edition. Heinrich Remigius Sauerländer, Aarau 1829 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-rara.ch%2Fzuz%2Fcontent%2Fzoom%2F9568565~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
39. ↑ Ernst Zschokke: The Meyer family from Aarau. In: Aarauer Neujahrsblätter, 1934, pp. 3–56, here: p. 48 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-periodica.ch%2Fdigbib%2Fview%3Fpid%3Danb-001%3A1934%3A8%2360~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
40. ↑ Abraham Emanuel Fröhlich: Memories of Prof. Dr. Rudolf Meyer. In: Alpenrosen for the year 1852, Aarau / Thun 1851 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DbHNXAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3Di~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D ), pp. I – LVI.