Lorch (Upper Austria)

Lorch ( district ) locality cadastral municipality Lorch
Basic data
Pole. District , state	Linz-Land  (LL), Upper Austria
Judicial district	Steyr
Pole. local community	Enns
Coordinates	48 ° 13 '30 "  N , 14 ° 28' 23"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 13 '30 "  N , 14 ° 28' 23"  E
height	249  m above sea level A.
Residents of the village	199 (January 1, 2020)
Building status	105 (2001 )
Area  d. KG	7.31 km²
Post Code	4470 Enns
Statistical identification
Locality code	09823
Cadastral parish number	45107
Counting district / district	Enns-Umgebung-Nord (41005 005)
historical Roman city Lauriacum Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; DORIS

Lorch is a place in the Linzer Feld in Upper Austria and a district , locality and cadastral municipality of the municipality of Enns in the Linz-Land district .

geography

The place is located about 16 kilometers southwest of the city center of Linz , and about 1½ km northwest of the city ​​center of Enns .

The actual place Lorch is 1½ km south ( right bank ) of the Danube , on the lower Kristeinbach , at around 250  m above sea level. A. Height. It includes the old town center at the confluence of the Stahlbach (Bleicherbach, Lorcher Bach) . The place also has a large industrial area in the west (Fabrikstrasse) . This place (statistically classified as a district) comprises around 130 addresses with around 330 inhabitants.

The cadastral municipality of Lorch is much more extensive with 730  hectares and extends far to the west. This also includes the large residential complex Severinusstraße south of the large Enns train station of the Westbahn (around 1000 inhabitants), which belongs to the village of Enns , and the area of ​​the St. Laurenz basilica in the southwest (with the cemetery and Papstwiese already in the cadastral community of Enns). In addition, the villages of Einsiedl , Kronau and Erlengraben , already near Asten , belong to the cadastral community. The northern border is the Danube from Langau north of Mitterwasser to Enghagen , partly on the north bank.

Basilica St. Laurenz, with cemetery and Karner

Neighboring towns, villages and cadastral communities:

Luftenberg ∗  (KG, Gem.  Luftenberg a. D. D. , District Perg ) Raffelstetten  (KG, Gem.  Asten ) Kronau  (O)	Langenstein ∗  (KG and Gem., Bez. Perg ) Danube ∗	Enghagen  (O)
Einsiedl  (O) Asten  (KG, Gem.  Asten )
Kristein  (O & KG)	Maria Anger	Enns  (O and KG)

^∗ Luftenberg also on this side of the Danube, border to Langestein mostly on the other bank

History and infrastructure

Civil and military town Lauriacum (reconstruction, view northwards, the village of Lorch would be in the middle at the top of the picture)

The place emerged from a Celtic oppidum of the 4th century BC and the local Roman legionary site Lauriacum , which was built as a Limes camp around 200 AD and destroyed and abandoned in the middle of the 5th century. It also guarded the important ford over the Enns, which was already given a bridge in Roman times. The old post-Roman village center was not formed at the military camp, where the Maria Anger church later stood. The Lorcher field should have belonged to the civil town. This civil town has been excavated until today mainly only south of the Laurenzkirche.

The two churches of Sankt Laurenz , seat of the old bishopric of Lauriacum , and the now abandoned Maria Anger date from the 4th century ( Florian von Lorch , Severin von Noricum , Constantius von Lauriacum ) and were the nucleus of the post-Roman fortified settlements. These were destroyed again around 700 by the Avars , and again 100 years later by the Hungarians . The place will have been a customs post until around 800, at the time of the Raffelstetten customs regulations  (903/05) it no longer appears.

The fortifications going back to the Roman city became  meaningless after the battle on the Lechfeld (955), but remained a fiscal property (state) until St. Laurenz and Maria Anger were donated to the Passau church , which had also been appropriated by the St. Florian monastery . The continuity of the diocese, as represented by the Lorch forgeries of this time, is unclear. From this time on, the city of Enns itself was formed outside the old Roman city, on the heights of the Stadt- / Georgenberg near Anesapurhc ( Ennsburg ).

The earliest mention of a post-Roman settlement on Lorcher Feld is 10  Königshufen in 911, the place name is already Germanized as Loracho in 977 . A derivation of the old spelling Lŏrahha for the location as Achen name to a river Lauro / Lorch ( Lorbach, Laurach , "Lorcherbach" probably for Stallbach or Kristeinbach ) is considered incorrect, the name Lorch was probably formed by early High German diphthongization via Lauriacum → Lauraco , thus comes directly from the reconstructed Celtic root * Lauriakon ('settlement [of the people] of Laurios'). The village of Lorch itself, at that time probably only a few farmsteads, was probably not built until the 13th century.

Statue Lauriacumstrasse

Both churches, St. Laurence and Maria Anger (profaned in 1792), became important and rival pilgrimage sites. In addition to the newly built Laurenzkirche (around 1300) and the Friedhofskarner (around 1507), there is also a figure shrine (around 1400) and a Severinus shrine (1496) at the Bleicherbach Bridge (already on the Enns side) from the Gothic period . In 1553 the Lorch parish was relocated to the Minorite Monastery and then became the Enns parish of St. Josef.

With the creation of the local communities after 1848 , Lorch became a separate political municipality and included the former tax communities Hiesendorf , Kristein , Lorch, Moos and Volkersdorf , 1869 with 1289 inhabitants; Lorch himself only had 20 houses with 124 inhabitants at the time. In 1858 the Kaiserin-Elisabeth-Bahn (today's Westbahn) was built here and the Enns train station was built. In 1938, when large municipalities were formed all over Austria after the Anschluss , the municipality of Lorch was incorporated into the municipality of Enns.

In 1968 St. Laurence became the new parish church and also the seat of the re-established titular archbishopric Lauriacum , the first titular archbishopric in Central Europe. A highlight of recent local history was the visit of Pope John Paul II in 1988, with a celebration of the Word of God in the open air on today's Papstwiese with thousands of believers.

In 2005, the New West Railway was passed north of the village, on this Enns bypass , trains can reach speeds of up to 230 km / h.

literature

• Rudolf Zinnhobler (Ed.): Lorch in der Geschichte (= Linzer Philosophisch-Theologische Reihe. Volume 15). Upper Austria. Landesverlag, Linz 1981, 296 pages ( book review, pp. 268–269 on ZOBODAT ).

Web links

Commons : Lorch  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Bibliography on Lorch in the forum OoeGeschichte.at

Individual evidence

1. ^ Vienna City and State Archives, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Urban History Research (ed.): Upper Austrian City Atlas: Enns. (online mapire.eu; especially also associated map).
2. ↑ Gerhard Winkler : Lorch in Roman times. In: Severin. Between Roman times and the Great Migration. Exhibition catalog, 1982, p. 36 = reprint from: Zinnhobler Lorch in der Geschichte , 1981, p. 13 f.
3. ^ Erwin M. Ruprechtsberger : On the topography of Lauriacum. In: Mitteilungen des Musealverein Lauriacum (MMVL) NF 19, 1981, p. 6;
   ders .: Remarks on the northern periphery of Lauriacum. In: MMVL NF 22, 1984, pp. 9-23.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} ops cit. Upper Austrian city atlas: Enns. esp. Paragraphs On the destruction of Lorch 700 ... until the first time the village Lorch seems ... .
5. ↑ ops cit. Upper Austrian city atlas , map legend No. 55 Lorch (mention of 10 Königshufen in 911) .
6. ↑ Document: Upper Austrian document book, secular part (540-1399) 0977 X 05 (K. Otto II. Gives the Church of Lorch the Ensburg im Traungau praedium and ten royal hubs in Lorch) in the European document archive Monasterium.net . See Upper Austrian City Atlas. Note 65.
7. ↑ “ Lauraco seu Laurone. ”For example with JJ Heyinger: Oesterreichische Chorographie or Lands-Description of the old times before and under the Romans,… , Volume 3, 1736, 5th book, IV. Chapter, section Lauro, the Lorbach bey Ens , p. 518 f ( digitized , Google, full view ).
8. ↑ Peter Wiesinger: Ancient Romanesque continuities in the Danube region of Upper and Lower Austria using the example of the names of waters, mountains and settlements. Volume 1 in the Austrian Academy of Sciences: Types of ethnogenesis with special consideration of Bavaria. Reports of the symposium of the Commission for Early Medieval Research, October 27-30, 1986, Zwettl Abbey, Lower Austria. Part 1 (= series: memoranda of the philosophical-historical class , volume 201; series of publications of the commission for early medieval research , volume 12), Vienna 1989/1990, reference p. 300 (entire article p. 261–328). - like Comagium → Comaio → Chŭneŏperg → Kaumburg
9. ↑ Lit. Zinnhobler: Lorch in der Geschichte , 1981, p. 11.
10. ^ Kriemhild Pangerl: The house and farm names of the Enns judicial district, the Dietach community and the former cadastral communities of Gleink and Stein in the Steyr judicial district. Diss. Vienna 1965, p. 126 ff.
11. ↑ Rudolf Zinnhobler, Johannes Ebner (ed.): The Dechanten von Enns-Lorch. Dedicated to Eberhard Marckhgott at the age of 70. Linz 1982.
12. ^ Kurt Klein  (edit.): Historical local dictionary . Statistical documentation on population and settlement history. Ed .: Vienna Institute of Demography [VID] d. Austrian Academy of Sciences . Upper Austria Part 1, Enns: KG Hiesendorf, Kristein, Lorch, Moos, Volkersdorf (formerly G Lorch); Lorch , S. 129 resp, p. 130 ( online document , explanations . Suppl . ; both PDF - oD [updated]). Special references:  1869:  Statistical Central Commission (ed.): Local repertories of the kingdoms and countries represented in the Austrian Imperial Council . (1871 ff).