Wallersee
| Wallersee | ||
|---|---|---|
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| Wallersee towards the southwest | ||
| Geographical location | Salzburg , Austria | |
| Tributaries | Altbach | |
| Drain | Fischach | |
| Places on the shore | Henndorf , Neumarkt , Seekirchen | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 47 ° 54 '50 " N , 13 ° 10' 30" E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 505 m above sea level A. | |
| surface | 6.1 km² | |
| length | 5.5 km | |
| width | 2.0 km | |
| volume | 76,300,000 m³ | |
| Maximum depth | 23.3 m | |
| Middle deep | 13.3 m | |
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particularities |
Catchment area including the lake: 109.5 km² |
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The Wallersee is a lake in the Austrian province of Salzburg . It is located northeast of the city of Salzburg in the Salzburg-Umgebung district and is part of the Salzburg Lake District . With more than six square kilometers of water, the Wallersee is the largest lake in the Salzburg Alpine foothills .
Naming
In contrast to most of the other lakes in the region, the origin of the name in the case of the Wallersee has not been clarified with certainty. It is often assumed that the part of the name Waller- goes back to the Middle High German word Walchen with the meaning 'stranger'. This declaration refers to the novels living in this area at the time , which for the locals were just "Walchen" - that is, strangers, Welsche . Early evidence of the name around the year 800 such as Uualarseo (in the Notitia Arnonis ) or lacum Uualarium (in the Breves Notitiae ) contradict this assumption (there are no references to a sound corresponding to the <ch> in the spelling ). An alternative explanation for the name is, on the one hand, the numerous catfish (= catfish ) occurring in the lake ; on the other hand, the name can also have originated from the Old High German personal name Walahari or Walari , as there is also a reference to a person in Abersee and Mondsee .
geology
The Wallersee lies in a branch basin of the Salzach Glacier in the Salzburg Alpine foothills, which is surrounded by the terminal moraines of the Würm Glacier . In the late glacial 18,500 years ago, the lake flowed northwards over the Straßwalchen / Mattighofenen Furche at a level of 550 m . By descending in stages to 520 m to around 17,500 BC. H. today the discharge occurs through the incision of the Fischach up to the Flyschsockel southwards into the Salzburg basin .
geography
In 1883 the lake was artificially lowered by two meters. As a result, extensive peripheral areas were drained. The shallow depth of the lake and the shallow banks created a wide belt of reeds. The siltation created a moor in the west and north that is up to five meters thick. From 1955 to 1965 the Wallersee was lowered again by one meter and the Fischach straightened and lowered. In recent years, the natural lake level has been raised again and flood protection measures have been taken.
The lake is now 505 m above sea level and has an area of 6.4 km².
The lake is fed by several streams, mainly the Schönbach, Eisbach and Wallerbach in the north, the Lehbach in the east and the Henndorferbach, Schlachtenbach and the Kirchbergbach in the south. The outflow is formed by the Fischach at the western end of the lake, which flows into the Salzach after around 15 km .
Neighboring communities of Wallersee are
- Henndorf am Wallersee in the south
- Köstendorf in the north
- Neumarkt am Wallersee in the east
- Seekirchen am Wallersee in the west
The small settlement Wallersee-Zell , which belongs to Seekirchen, is located directly on the lake on the north bank ; otherwise most of the north bank is under nature protection. Mainly on the south bank and at the eastern end of the lake there are parts of private parcels with holiday houses. In Zell there is the “Wallersee” stop of the Salzburg S-Bahn , which is the only way to get directly to the lake by public transport.
The Wallersee is officially listed as a bathing lake and has excellent bathing water quality at the three measuring points in Henndorf, Neumarkt and Seekirchen. The average water temperature in August is 25 ° C.
- Wenger Moor nature reserve
The Köstendorfer portion of the lake as well as the adjacent smaller portions of the municipal areas of Seekirchen and Neumarkt are allotted to the Wenger Moor nature reserve , which has been a Natura 2000 European protected area under the name Wallersee - Wenger Moor since 1996 . Gray herons , lapwing , curlews , ducks , pheasants , great crested grebes , coots , jays , swans and black-headed gulls live in the approximately 298 ha protected area and in the likewise protected reed belt along the north bank at the western end of the lake . The lake is also rich in fish species: catfish , bream , pike , carp , eel , trout and tench are abundant. In summer 2010 there were first signs that beavers had resettled in this area after more than thirty years .
sport and freetime
The Wallersee is popular with windsurfers, kite surfers and sailors. They particularly appreciate the easterly wind that prevails in spring and autumn. Due to the west-east position of the lake, the westerly wind can also be used well.
There is no commercial shipping on the Wallersee, but smaller yachts up to 30 feet in length can be found. Since 1946, the Salzburg Yacht Club with its original clubhouse with a lookout tower has existed on the north-west bank in Zell as the successor organization to the Nibelungen sailing club . He operates the marina in the eastern sea bay together with the municipality of Neumarkt and has a second clubhouse there. Most of the club's keelboats are moored there. In addition, the Seekirchen am Wallersee Sailing Club (SCSW) has been located in Seekirchen since 1964 .
Furthermore, the Wallersee is used for swimming in several places and there are two campsites. There is also a 20 km long hiking trail around the lake, the southern part of which also belongs to the Austrian section of the Way of St. James .
Wallersee literary landscape
The Wallersee was considered a source of literary inspiration, especially between 1850 and 1950. At the end of the 19th century, people gradually began to appreciate the advantages of the lake and the landscape as a source of relaxation and nature. After the beginning of a modest excursion, the real "discovery" of the Wallersee shores also began among artists and writers in the interwar period. Among other things, their presence made Henndorf a cultural meeting point and thus increased the awareness of the small community. Among the best-known of the writers who got inspiration from Wallersee were
- Sylvester Wagner (1848–1865)
- Franz Stelzhamer (1867–1874)
- Johannes Freumbichler (1881–1949)
- Alice Herdan-Zuckmayer (1934–1938)
- Carl Zuckmayer (1934–1938)
- Ödön von Horváth (1936–1937)
- Thomas Bernhard (1935–1937)
In order to continue this artistic tradition, the Seekirchen cultural association “KunstBox” awards two residency grants to German-speaking authors from the EU every year. Every autumn two scholars write directly on the shore of the lake. The first works created in this way were published in an anthology in 2008 . In addition, the literary past of the Salzburg Lake District was documented in the form of a literary guide.
Individual evidence
- ^ Franz Hörburger: Salzburg Place Name Book , edited by Ingo Reiffenstein and Leopold Ziller, ed. from the Salzburg Society for Regional Studies, Salzburg 1982 (without ISBN)
- ↑ Bathing water database at www.ages.at , accessed on September 8, 2013.
Web links
- Geographical information about the Wallersee on the website of the Salzburg state government