Treaty of Paris (1802)
In the Treaty of Paris on December 26, 1802, France and the Habsburg Emperor Franz II agreed on more specific territorial compensation for the Holy Roman Empire , as had already been accepted in principle between both sides in the Treaty of Lunéville . Mainly the problem with Grand Duke Ferdinand III. of Tuscany , the brother of the emperor, was dissolved, who received the newly created Electorate of Salzburg as compensation.
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany had been a Habsburg hereditary land since the land swap, when Franz Stephan of Lorraine , the husband of Maria Theresa , ceded his ancestral seat to France and was given Tuscany . During the Second Coalition War , French troops had invaded Tuscany in 1799 and forced the Grand Duke to flee the country. The Treaty of Lunéville on February 9, 1801 between France and the Emperor provided in Article 5 that Ferdinand III. had to renounce his Grand Duchy, which was to be transferred to the Duke of Parma as compensation . This peace also affirmed the peace of Campo Formio of October 17, 1797 and extended the agreement to the territory of the empire. In a secret article, the emperor had approved the expansion of the French territory to the left bank of the Rhine. Compensation for accruing area annexations should be sought in the Reich. For example, the Duke of Modena , Ercole III. d'Este , the Breisgau and the Ortenau left from the front of Austria because the Duke's Italian territory had been incorporated into the Cisalpine Republic . Ferdinand III. of Tuscany, an archduke of Austria, fared similarly.
France had usurped all of Northern Italy with her troops during the war. Although Duke Ferdinand of Parma remained neutral, the French invaded there too. Napoléon Bonaparte wanted to keep the conquered Duchy of Parma . In the secret Third Treaty of San Ildefonso of October 1, 1800 between France and Spain , the French had promised to get Parma's ruler a replacement somewhere in Italy, if possible Tuscany, plus a royal title. Spain wanted to return Louisiana in return . The Treaty of Aranjuez on February 21, 1801 then officially regulated the details of the previous agreement.
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was transformed into the newly created Kingdom of Etruria , which Napoléon Bonaparte had promised the Parmesan Bourbons to form if the opportunity arose. The Austrian defeat in the war with Napoleon, at which Ferdinand III. as an ally, and the Lunéville Peace Treaty opened up this opportunity. In the Treaty of Paris, the Tuscan sovereign without a land received the Duchy of Salzburg as compensation for the removal of his possessions, in order to be adequately cared for as an imperial brother. This national territory was formed through secularization from church property, namely the archbishopric of Salzburg , Berchtesgaden and parts of the dioceses of Passau and Eichstätt . On February 11, 1803, the previous sovereign in Salzburg, Archbishop Count Hieronymus Colloredo , abdicated. Four days later the change of ownership took place at Ferdinand III. instead, who also received the electoral dignity .
In the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the Treaty of Paris was formally ratified by the Reich on February 25, 1803 .