Kingdom of Etruria

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Flag of the kingdom

The Kingdom of Etruria , French Royaume d'Étrurie, Italian Regno di Etruria, existed between 1801 and 1807 and was one of the vassal states of Napoleonic France. It comprised most of the former Grand Duchy of Tuscany . Its name goes back to the old Roman name for the land of the Etruscans , Etruria, dt. Etruria .

Kingdom of Etruria, 1803 (Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd , 1926)

Napoleon had agreed with Spain and the House of Bourbon-Parma in 1801 that the Duchy of Parma should fall to France after the death of his Duke Ferdinand , while the House of Bourbon-Parma should be resigned to the newly created Kingdom of Etruria. In order to make room for the Bourbons, the Habsburg Grand Duke of Tuscany , Ferdinand III. , compensated with the secularized prince-archbishopric of Salzburg , whereupon the Parmesian hereditary prince Ludwig I was installed as “King of Etruria” in his office by Napoleon's grace.

The first king of the new empire, Ludwig , died young in 1803, which is why his widow, Infanta Marie Luise of Spain (1782–1824), daughter of King Charles IV of Spain , took over the reign of her underage son, Karl Ludwig . On December 10, 1807, however, the regent had to resign and by resolution of the Senate on May 30, 1808, the Kingdom of Etruria was declared part of the French Empire . As a result, three departments were set up. The king and his mother were to receive compensation from the French conquest of Portugal, but this was rendered invalid by the break between Napoleon and the Spanish Bourbons in 1808.

As early as 1809, the former Kingdom of Etruria was handed over by Napoleon to his sister Elisa as the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, who returned it to Grand Duke Ferdinand III in 1814. had to return, while the House of Bourbon-Parma was compensated with the Duchy of Lucca .

Kings of Etruria

literature

  • Norman Davies : Vanished Empires: The History of Forgotten Europe. 3rd, revised and corrected edition. Theiss, Darmstadt 2017, ISBN 978-3-8062-3116-8 , pp. 541-594 (= 10. Etruria: French snake in the grass of Tuscany (1801-1814) ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Etruria . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 1888, Volume 5, Page 889.
  2. ^ Mary (Etruria) . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 1888, Volume 11, page 236f.
  3. ^ Toscana . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 1888, Volume 15, page 917ff