List of rulers of Parma
That list includes the Dukes of Parma . From 1556 they were also dukes of Piacenza . Between 1748 and 1848 they were also dukes of Guastalla .
Dukes of Parma ( Farnese )
- 1545–1547: Pier Luigi Farnese
- 1547–1586: Ottavio Farnese
- 1586–1592: Alessandro (Alexander) Farnese
- 1592-1622: Ranuccio I. Farnese
- 1622-1646: Odoardo I. Farnese
- 1646-1694: Ranuccio II. Farnese
- 1694-1727: Francesco Farnese
- 1727-1731: Antonio Farnese
1731: With Antonio, the Farnese family died out in the male line.
Dukes of Parma ( Bourbon )
- 1731–1735: Charles I.
Dukes of Parma ( Habsburg )
- 1735–1740: Charles II.
- 1740–1748: Maria Theresa
Dukes of Parma (Bourbon)
1801: Napoleon annexed Parma.
Napoleonic Dukes of Parma ( Bonaparte )
- 1806–1808: Pauline Bonaparte (Duchess of Parma and Guastalla )
- 1808–1814: Jean-Jacques Régis de Cambacérès
- 1808–1814: Charles-François Lebrun (Duke of Piacenza)
1814: In the Treaty of Fontainebleau , Parma went to Napoleon's wife Marie Louise of Austria, confirmed at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 .
Dukes of Parma (Habsburg)
- 1814–1847: Marie Louise
Dukes of Parma (Bourbon)
- 1847–1849: Karl Ludwig
- 1849–1854: Charles III.
- 1854–1860: Robert I.
In 1854 Robert’s mother, Duchess Louise Marie Therese of France , was born. de Berry, regent of Parma. In 1859 Louise Marie fled with her children to Switzerland and later to Austria. In 1860 Parma became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia . The title Duke of Parma is still carried by the male descendants.
Titular Dukes of Parma since 1860
- 1860–1907: Robert I.
- 1907–1939: Heinrich
- 1939-1950: Joseph
- 1950-1959: Elias
- 1959–1974: Robert II.
- 1974–1977: Franz Xavier
- 1977-2010: Carlos Hugo
- 2010 – today: Carlos