Bonaparte

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Family coat of arms of the Bonapartes
The Maison Bonaparte in Ajaccio , Corsica, where Napoleon I was born.

The Bonaparte (actually Buonaparte ) are a family from Corsica who rose to the rank of French imperial family.

history

The Buonaparte were originally a patrician family from Sarzana in Liguria , where they first appear with Gianfaldo Buonaparte around 1200. The notary Giovanni Buonaparte married Isabella Calandrini in 1397, cousin of the later Cardinal Filippo Calandrini , was mayor of Sarzana and in 1408 Giovanni Maria Visconti appointed commissioner of the Lunigiana . His great-grandson, Francesco Buonaparte, came to Corsica in 1490 during the Genoese colonization as a cavalry mercenary in the sea trading fleet of the Banco di San Giorgio and married the daughter of Guido da Castelletto, representative of the Bank San Giorgio in Corsica, in 1493. Since then, the family has been based in the Corsican capital, Ajaccio , and has provided members or captains of the city council in almost every generation. (For earlier ancestors: see the article on Napoleon's grandfather Giuseppe Maria Buonaparte ).

Carlo Buonaparte received French nobility recognition in 1771. His son, the Revolutionary General Napoléon Bonaparte , crowned himself Emperor of the French in 1804 . Since Napoleon I was coronated as emperor , the Bonaparte had held the rank of French imperial family in the First Empire . With the conquests of Napoleon, members of his family were installed as rulers in other states.

After the fall of Napoleon in 1814, the family members went into exile and mostly lived there under pseudonyms . His nephew Napoléon III. was during the Second Republic for 1848-1852 French president elected and agreed to after the coup December 2, 1851 to the Emperor of the French , which from 1852 to 1870, the Second Empire was born. Napoleon III gave the succession members of the imperial family (his son and the descendants of his uncle Jérôme , but not the family of his uncle Lucien ) the title of Prince or Princess Napoléon (omitting the old family name Bonaparte), which the descendants still use today. In 1886 the radical republicans enforced a law against the monarchists that once again banned the Bonaparte from the French Republic to prevent Bonapartism . The House of Orléans , which was competing for the French throne, was exiled by this law, which was not repealed until 1950 at the instigation of Charles de Gaulle and allowed the relatives of the two houses to return. The exile seat of the Jérôme line, which still exists today, was the Villa La Bergerie de Prangins in Prangins- Promenthoux (Switzerland), which Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte (known as Plon-Plon ) built in 1870 and which is still owned by the family today. The family's grave is the Chapelle Impériale in Ajaccio, which Napoleon III. Was built in 1857.

Tribe list

Coat of arms of Emperor Napoléon I
from the House of Bonaparte
Coat of arms of Emperor Napoleon III.
from the house of Bonaparte
Napoléon Bonaparte (1769–1821), Emperor of the French
Napoleon III (1808–1873), Emperor of the French
  1. Sebastiano Nicola Buonaparte (1683-1720 / 1760) - married to Maria Anna Tusoli (1690-1760)
    1. Giuseppe Maria Buonaparte (1713–1763) - married to Maria Saveria Paravisini (1715–1750)
      1. Carlo Maria Buonaparte (1746–1785) - married to Laetitia Ramolino (1750–1836), known as "Madame Mère"
        1. Joseph Bonaparte (1768–1844) - King of Naples in 1806 , King of Spain in 1808 , married to Julie Clary , sister of the future Queen Desideria of Sweden
          1. Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte (* July 8, 1801; † August 8, 1854) - ⚭ 1822 Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte
          2. Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte (1802–1839) - ⚭ 1825 Napoléon Louis Bonaparte (1804–1831)
        2. Napoléon Bonaparte (1769–1821), 1804 Emperor of the French - (I) ⚭ 1796 Joséphine de Beauharnais ; (II) ⚭ 1810 Marie-Louise von Habsburg :
          1. Napoleon Franz Bonaparte (1811–1832) - King of Rome in 1811, counted as Napoleon II , but never ruled
        3. Lucien Bonaparte (1775–1840) - 1799 President of the Council of Five Hundred , since 1814 Principe de Canino e Musignano
          1. Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte (1803–1857), 2nd Principe de Canino e Musignano - ornithologist - ⚭ 1822 Zenaïde Charlotte Julie Bonaparte (1801–1854)
            1. Joseph Bonaparte (born January 31, 1824 - † September 2, 1865), 3rd Principe de Canino e Musignano
            2. Lucian Bonaparte (born November 15, 1828 - November 19, 1895), 4th Principe de Canino e Musignano - Cardinal
            3. Julie Bonaparte (June 6, 1830 - October 28, 1900) ⚭ Alessandro del Gallo, Marchese de Roccagiovine
            4. Charlotte Bonaparte (March 4, 1832 - September 10, 1901) ⚭ Pietro, Conte Primoli di Foglia
            5. Marie Desirée Bonaparte (March 18, 1835 - August 28, 1890) ⚭ Paolo, Conte Campello della Spina
            6. Augusta Bonaparte (born November 9, 1836 - March 29, 1900) ⚭ Placido Gabrielli, Principe di Prossedi
            7. Napoléon Charles (born February 5, 1839 - † February 12, 1899), 5th Principe de Canino e Musignano , ⚭ Cristina Ruspoli adH of the Princes of Cerveteri
              1. Zénaïde Eugénie Bonaparte (1860–1862)
              2. Maria Bonaparte (1870–1947) ⚭ General Enrico Gotti
              3. Eugénie Laetitia Bonaparte (1872–1949) ⚭ Léon Napoléon Ney , 4th Prince de la Moskowa (ex. 1903)
            8. Mathilde Bonaparte (born November 26, 1840 - † June 4, 1861) ⚭ Louis, comte de Cambacérès
          2. Letitia Bonaparte (December 1, 1804 - March 15, 1871)
          3. Jeanne Bonaparte (* July 22, 1807; † 1828)
          4. Paul Marie Bonaparte (November 3, 1808 - December 5, 1827)
          5. Louis Lucien Bonaparte (January 4, 1813 - November 3, 1891)
          6. Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte (October 11, 1815 - April 7, 1881) ⚭ Éléonore-Justine Ruflin (July 1, 1832 - October 13, 1905)
            1. Roland Bonaparte (1858–1924), 6. Principe de Canino e Musignano - travel writer ⚭ Marie-Félix Blanc (1859–1882), daughter of François and Marie Blanc
              1. Marie Bonaparte (1882–1962) - French psychoanalyst - ⚭ 1907 George of Greece
          7. Antoine Bonaparte (born October 31, 1816 - † March 28, 1877) - 1848 member of the National Assembly
          8. Alexandrine Marie Bonaparte (October 12, 1818 - August 20, 1874)
          9. Konstanze Bonaparte (born January 30, 1823 - † September 5, 1876) - abbess in Rome
        4. Elisa Bonaparte (1777–1820), actually Marie Anna - 1809 Grand Duchess of Tuscany - ⚭ May 1, 1797 Félix Baciocchi
          1. Elisa-Napoléone Baciocchi (born June 3, 1806 † February 3, 1869), ⚭ Filippo, Count Carmrata-Passionei di Mazzolini
            1. Charles Félix Jean-Baptiste Camerata-Passionei di Mazzolini (* September 20, 1826 † March 4, 1853)
          2. Frédéric Napoléon Baciocchi (born August 10, 1814 † ​​April 7, 1833)
        5. Louis Bonaparte (1778–1846), 1806 King of Holland - ⚭ 1802 Hortense de Beauharnais (1783–1837), 1806 Queen of Holland
          1. Napoléon Charles Bonaparte (1802-1807)
          2. Napoléon Louis Bonaparte (1804–1831) - 1809 Grand Duke of Cleve and Berg, ⚭ 1825 Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte
          3. Napoleon III (1808–1873), born Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte - 1852–1870 Emperor of the French - ⚭ 1853 Eugénie de Montijo , 1853–1870 Empress of the French
            1. Napoléon Eugène Louis Bonaparte (1856–1879) - proclaimed Napoleon IV in 1874, called Lulu , killed in the Zulu War
        6. Pauline Bonaparte (1780–1825), actually Charlotta - ⚭ 1797 Charles Victoire Emmanuel Leclerc (1772–1802); ⚭ 1803 Camillo Borghese , Duke of Guastalla
          1. Louis Napoléon Leclerc (April 1798 - August 14, 1804)
        7. Caroline Bonaparte (1782–1839), actually Annunciata - ⚭ 1800 Joachim Murat , 1806 Grand Duchess of Berg , 1808 Queen of Naples
        8. Jérôme Bonaparte (1784–1860) - 1807 King of Westphalia - (I) ⚭ 1803 Elizabeth Patterson (1785–1879); (II) ⚭ 1807 Katharine von Württemberg (1783–1835), daughter of King Friedrich I of Württemberg
          1. Jérôme Bonaparte-Patterson (1805-1870)
            1. Jérôme Napoléon Bonaparte-Patterson II (1830-1893)
              1. Louise-Eugénie Bonaparte-Patterson (1873–1923), ⚭ 1896 Count Adam Carl von Moltke-Hvitfeld (1864–1944)
              2. Jérôme Napoléon Charles Bonaparte-Patterson (1878–1945), ⚭ 1914 Blanche Pierce Stenbeigh
            2. Charles Joseph Bonaparte (1851–1921) - 1905–1906 US Secretary of the Navy, 1906–1909 Minister of Justice, founded the Bureau of Investigation in 1908 , later the FBI
          2. Jérôme Napoléon Charles Bonaparte (1814–1847) - Prince of Montfort , Württemberg colonel
          3. Mathilde Lätitia Wilhelmine Bonaparte (1820–1904) - (I) ⚭ Anatole Demidoff di San Donato (1813–1870); (II) ⚭ Claudius Popelin (1825-1892)
          4. Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte (1822–1891), called Plon-Plon - ⚭ Marie Clothilde of Savoy (1843–1911), daughter of King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
            1. Napoléon Victor Jérôme Frédéric Bonaparte (* July 18, 1862 - May 3, 1926) (NV) - ⚭ Clementine of Belgium (1872–1955)
              1. Louis Napoléon (23 January 1914 - 3 May 1997) (N. VI.) ⚭ Alix Comtesse de Foresta
                1. Charles Napoléon (* 1950) (N. VII.) ⚭ 1978 Béatrice de Bourbon-Siciles
                  1. Caroline Marie Constance Napoléon (born October 24, 1980)
                  2. Jean-Christophe Napoléon (born July 11, 1986) (N. VIII.) ⚭ 2019 Olympia Countess von und zu Arco-Zinneberg
                  3. Sophie Cathérine Napoléon (born April 18, 1992)
                2. Jérôme Napoléon (born January 14, 1957)
            2. Ludwig Bonaparte (born July 16, 1864 - † October 14, 1932) - Russian general
            3. Maria Letizia Bonaparte (1866–1926) - ⚭ Amadeus of Savoy (1845–1890)

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : House of Bonaparte  - collection of images