Esselberg

Esselberg City of Greding Coordinates: 49 ° 2 ′ 22 ″  N , 11 ° 16 ′ 4 ″  E
Height :	532 m above sea level NHN
Area :	4.58 km²
Residents :	110  (9 Dec 2019)
Population density :	24 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	July 1, 1972
Postal code :	91171
Area code :	08463
Location of Esselberg in Bavaria
Esselberg

Esselberg is a church village and part of the town of Greding in the Roth district in Bavaria .

location

Esselberg is located in the White Jura at 532  m above sea level. NHN in the Brunnenberg corridor and is surrounded by the Thalmässinger Weggraben, Eglesbühl, Gretes and Tagwerk corridors. From the north of the village a dry valley stretches south to the Esselbergbach . In 1961 the village corridor covered 472.12 hectares .

Place name interpretation

According to tradition, there is said to have been a castle in or near Esselberg that was Atzelsburg , probably built by an "Azilo". It gave the name, although there were different spellings over the centuries (Atzelberg, Ecelber, Ezzelberg). There are no more traces of the castle.

history

Esselberg was founded in the 9th century. Around 1015 the Chiemgaugraf Sieghart V from the Sieghartinger family handed over his property in Esselberg to the monastery of Sankt Emmeram in Regensburg in order to secure his salvation. Around 1130 Karl von Hebing (= Höbing ) gave goods to the Berchtesgaden monastery in Esselberg, among others . In the 14th century, an Esselberger Hof was transferred to the Siechhof Eichstätt . In 1447 Esselberg is recorded in the Salbuch of the episcopal office of Brunneck (which was merged with the new office of Titting - Raitenbuch around 1544 ), at the same time in the interest book of the episcopal superior office of Hirschberg , which received the income alternating with the Plankstetten monastery . In 1518 Esselberg appears in the Salbuch of the episcopal judicial office in Greding, since a court belonged to this office.

Originally, traceable to 1480, Esselberg was a branch of the original parish of Großhöbing. Therefore, according to a document dated June 7, 1546, a murder committed near Esselberg around 1535 had to be atoned for with masses in the parish church of Großhöbingen in addition to a four-shoe high and two-shoe wide stone cross.

Towards the end of the Old Kingdom , around 1800, Esselberg consisted of 20 properties: The episcopal caste office Titting-Raitenbuch owned four farms and half farms as well as two Köbler and Selden estates. The Eichstättische Hofkastenamt had a yard, the Eichstätt Richteramt Greding had an estate. A three-quarter courtyard belonged to the Eichstätt hospital and an estate to the Nuremberg hospital office. The Eichstätter cathedral chapter was the landlord of two properties. In addition to the church, there was also a community forge and a community shepherd's house. Highly judicially and with regard to village and community rulership, the village was subordinate to the episcopal maintenance and governor's office Titting-Raitenbuch. Ecclesiastically, Esselberg was (and is) a branch of Morsbach , where the children also went to school.

As a result of the Reichsdeputation Hauptschluss , the Eichstätt Monastery and with it the Esselberg community came to the Grand Duke Archduke Ferdinand III in 1802 . from Tuscany and 1805/06 to the new Kingdom of Bavaria . In 1808 Esselberg was subordinated to the Großnottersdorf tax district and in 1811 it became part of the Großnottersdorf rural community in the Raitenbuch regional court , and from 1812 in the Greding regional court . With the community edict of 1818 Esselberg became an independent real community again. In 1846 there were 132 “souls” in the village in addition to the farmers, a landlord, a blacksmith and a tailor. In 1875 the 140 villagers kept 26 horses, 101 head of cattle, 172 sheep, 71 pigs and eight goats. In 1900 the number of livestock had increased significantly, despite the smaller population (118): the official count was 25 horses, 150 cattle, 142 sheep, 144 pigs and three goats. Hop growing was carried out on a "moderate scale" .

After the Second World War , the population increased temporarily due to refugees and displaced persons. As part of the regional reform in Bavaria , Esselberg was incorporated into the city of Greding on July 1, 1972.

Population development

• 1818: 083 (20 "fireplaces" = households; 19 families)
• 1823: 113 (19 properties)
• 1846: 132 (19 houses, 30 families)
• 1875: 140 (74 buildings, 24 of which are residential buildings)
• 1900: 118 (21 residential buildings)
• 1938: 113
• 1950: 133 (22 properties)
• 1961: 096 (20 residential buildings)
• 1987: 110 (23 residential buildings, 24 apartments)
• 2015: 100

Catholic branch church of St. Nicholas

Filial church St. Nikolaus, north-eastern sight

The Catholic Church of St. Nicholas in the center of the village on Dorfstrasse in a square cemetery wall was a medieval choir tower church , from which the square basement of the tower in the east from the Gothic period has been preserved. The castle researcher Helmut Rischert sees the type of a former fortified church given here. In 1615 the church was rebuilt; On the eastern side of the tower there is therefore a coat of arms stone of Prince-Bishop Johann Konrad von Gemmingen . The octagonal upper floor of the tower with a dome is from the Baroque period of 1740; In 1740/41 the nave with the choir arch and the sacristy were also rebuilt according to plans by the Eichstätter court building director Gabriel de Gabrieli , the nave measuring 8.5 × 11.5 meters. The stucco and the pulpit are by Franz Xaver Horneis (1741). The four-column high altar and the two side altars were created in the decade after 1740. Instead of an altarpiece, the high altar today shows a Gothic St. Martin as bishop (figure from 1480). Other figures also come from the 15th century. In 1840 a new tabernacle was added to the choir. The organ case with acanthus carvings was created around 1710/20. The ceiling painting was painted by Michael Werner in 1861. In 1921 a 5- register organ from the organ builder Bittner from Eichstätt came into the church. In 1938 there were two bells in the tower, one from 1724 and the other from 1922.

In the north-west of Esselberg there is a Trinity chapel from the 18th and 19th centuries. Century.

Both religious buildings are considered the only architectural monuments in Esselberg.

See also : List of architectural monuments in Esselberg

legend

A knight without a head appears at midnight and rides around on a white horse in the valley and on the heights. His appearance means disaster is imminent. The last time farmers should have seen him shortly before the First World War .

traffic

The district road RH 31 / EI 44 , which is also called district road in the village, leads west to Großnottersdorf or east to Kraftsbuch to the state road St 2336 . The district road RH 30 is called "Zum Tagberg" and leads north to Schutzendorf . There is a road connection to Morsbach in the south.

literature

• Franz Xaver Buchner: The diocese of Eichstätt. Volume I: Eichstätt 1937, Volume II: Eichstätt 1938
• Gerhard Hirschmann: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Franconia. Row I, Issue 6. Eichstätt. Beilngries-Eichstätt-Greding. Munich 1959
• Felix Mader : The art monuments of Middle Franconia. District Office Hilpoltstein, Munich 1929, (Reprint: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-486-50506-8 )
• Esselberg. Local history sketch. In: Heimgarten. Supplement to the Eichstätter Volkszeitung - Eichstätter Kurier, 21st year (19 August 1950), no.33

Web links

Commons : Esselberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Satellite images of Esselberg

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Heimgarten
2. ↑ ^{a b} Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 794 ( digitized version ).
3. ↑ Buchner I, p. 413, II, p. 188
4. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association 92/93 (1999/2000), p. 136 f.
5. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association 7 (1892), p. 32
6. ↑ Hirschmann, p. 103
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Hirschmann, p. 224
8. ^ ^{A b} Eduard Vetter: Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Ansbach 1846, p. 118 f.
9. ↑ ^{a b} Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1161 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized version ).
10. ↑ ^{a b} K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1222 ( digitized version ).
11. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 482 .
12. ↑ Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkkreis according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 24 ( digitized version ).
13. ↑ Buchner II, p. 191
14. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 347 ( digitized version ).
15. ^ City of Greding: Citizens Brochure , SPM-Verlag 2015, p. 11
16. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association 92/93 (1999/2000), p. 281
17. ↑ Buchner II, pp. 190-192; Mader, pp. 51-54; Home garden; Collecting sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association 61 (1965/66), p. 78 f.
18. ↑ Buchner II, p. 193