Martinskirche (Greding)
The Martinskirche is a Gottesackerkirche and former parish church in Greding . It is the oldest and most important building in the city. It is the largest Romanesque building in the former Eichstätt monastery . It stands in the northwest on a hill at the foot of the Calvary , surrounded by a church. This was the only cemetery in the city until the 1950s. Then cemetery II and then cemetery III were built a little north. The cemetery is surrounded by a wall, some of which is also part of the city wall. Due to its location and the close connection to the city wall, it may have been the core or the starting point of the late medieval city fortifications. The church is dedicated to St. Martin. The patronage points to a Franconian foundation while the neighboring Michaelskapelle is a Bavarian patronage. It has the hallmark of the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflicts, is in the Roth-Schwabach deanery in the Eichstätt diocese and is a listed building.
history
The bottom five floors of the tower date from the 11th century. In the early Gothic period , the tower was raised by one floor. The similarity of the tower with that of the cathedral at Eichstätt is obvious. A smaller, single-nave church belonged to the tower . The other parts of the Romanesque basilica were built in the middle of the 12th century. The church was consecrated in 1185 by Bishop Otto (1182-1196). In 1406 a letter of indulgence signed by eight cardinals was drawn up in Rome.
In 1588 the side walls were painted. Previously, the tower and the aisles were raised by one floor and large windows were installed in the south aisle. In the accounts of saints of the office of Greding there are regular editions for the further design of the church in the early 18th century: in 1703 the cross altar was torn down and eight chairs were made for the councilors and the clergy. Philipp Detter painted a scabel on the high altar, on the cross altar a cloud and a double antependium . In 1712, carpenter Wolf Eckerle made a shield for the crucifix and four ornaments. In 1715 Cocordius Hartmann from Eichstätt repaired the clock and Andreas Stadlmeyer from Greding carved two altar candlesticks, which were set in silver and gold by Philipp Detter. In 1717 Seidl made a confessional.
Until the 18th century, St. Martin's parish church was probably the original parish of Greding. Then it was replaced in several stages by the former subsidiary church of St. James.
During the secularization the church was sold to a farmer who used it as a stable and barn. The wall was whitewashed with lime and the pulpit removed. In 1826 it was again owned by the church, as it was being renovated again. Between 1903 and 1914 the painters Albrecht and Friedrich Pfleiderer exposed the paintings under the lime layer.
description
St. Martin is laid out as a three-aisled Romanesque hall church with three apses on the choir, a design typical of the region. An underground corridor led from the rectory to St. Martin's Church
It has three apses and faces east . It has no sacristy. The ground floor of the tower in the west is used for this. The nave has four arcades. The church used to have a west gallery, which was illuminated through a window.
Furthermore, some paintings, frescoes and wall paintings are worth seeing. The painting in the apse dates from the 12th century and shows Christ enthroned on a rainbow in a mandorla as the ruler of the world with an orb in his left hand and blessing with his right. In the four circles on the left and right, eagles, humans, lions and bulls are shown as symbols for the four evangelists.
The late Gothic high altar dates from 1480. It shows the crucified, on whose cross Mary Magdalene kneels and underneath the burial (lamentation relief) with Mary Magdalene, Joseph of Arimathea , Nicodemus , another woman, Mary, the mother of Jesus , and John . The latter two were placed next to the cross as Rococo sculptures (around 1780). To the right of the main altar is a late Gothic figure of Mary with a baby Jesus from 1510. This was previously in St. James.
On the south side are paintings of the Visitation of Mary , of Christophorus (1370), Dorothea and St. Martin. The Annunciation is shown on the north side .
Bells
There are five bells hanging in the tower:
- Brotherhood bell: cast in 1696 by Johann Schelchshorn (1634–1701) in Neuburg. It is decorated with a frieze and reliefs and has a diameter of 1268 mm. It weighs 1200 kg and has a strike tone of 1 -2
- Marienglocke: The midday bell has the inscription AVE-MARIA-GRACIA-PLENA-DOMINUS-TECUM between four tires. The bell has a diameter of 930–933 mm and dates from the first half of the 14th century. Much indicates that the master who created the fire bell of the Lorenz Church , Hermann Kessler , also cast this bell. It weighs 525 kg and has the strike note b 1 -2.
- "Marienglocke": The Vespers bell was cast in 1722 by Matthias Stapf in Eichstätt. It returned to Greding destroyed after the Second World War. When two bell founders and the Lachenmeyer company refused a repair, a locksmith from Gredingen tried to weld the bell. In 1948 the monuments office released the bell for casting. In 1950 Karl Czunochowsky from Erding cast a new bronze cast because the bell was destroyed. It is also decorated with a frieze and reliefs, has a diameter of 720 mm and weighs 220 kg. The strike tone is c²-1. On the flank is AVE MARIA and on the opposite side is CAST by KARL CZUDNOCHOWSKY, ERDING.
- Bell IV: The "child's corpse bell" has no inscription or jewelry. It dates from the Middle Ages, around 1300, has a diameter of 475 mm, is tuned to the tone c³ +1 and weighs around 70 kg. It is now only rung in the overall New Year's bell. Formerly it was rung to the death of a child.
- "Death bell": Christian Viktor Herold from Nuremberg made the bell in 1754. It is decorated with a tendril frieze and has a diameter of 372 mm. It hangs in the left southern sound opening. It has the strike note d³ + 2 and weighs about 40 kg. On the flank is written: MARIA MAGDALENA BEYRIN, STIFFT On his shoulder it says: GOSS MICH CHRISTIAN VICTOR HEROLD NURNBERG 1754. The bell was cast after a model by Leonhard Löw from the 17th century.
Except for the first bell, all bells were delivered to the Wilhelmsburg tin works on May 12, 1942. On May 8th the bell was recorded on record. The third bell was destroyed during transport.
organ
The Martinskirche has an organ made by Orgelbau Sandtner . Its construction was initiated on the occasion of the 900th anniversary of the city of Greding, as the former organ had been defective for 40 years. The organ was inaugurated on September 29, 1991 by the current cathedral music director Christian Heiss . It has two manuals , a pedal and 18 stops with 1004 pipes .
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Normal coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
Michaelskapelle / Karner / Sebastianskapelle
The Michael chapel is located next to the Martinskirche. In the basement there is an ossuary , the so-called Karner , which contains the bones of around 2500 deceased. It is one of three preserved Karnern ( Chammünster has 5000 bones) in Bavaria. The building probably dates from the 12th century. It can be considered certain that it existed in 1525, since a foundation was established in that year. The ossuary was laid out in the 14th century when the cemetery became too small. This custom was maintained until the 18th century. The chapel was dedicated to the holy maries Sebastian , Chrispin, Chrispinianus , the holy Archangel Michael and all saints . Parish fair was celebrated on the Sunday after the feast day of Saints Simon and Jude.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b St. Martin Basilica in Greding in the Altmühltal Nature Park on personenschiffahrt.de
- ^ Ernst Baumgartl: History of the city of Greding . tape 2 . Greding 1990, p. 2 .
- ^ Romanesque basilica of St. Martin Greding. Retrieved July 28, 2018 .
- ↑ Greding, Martinskirche. Retrieved February 3, 2019 .
- ↑ Armin Reisch: The bells of the old parish church St. Martin zu Greding. Retrieved June 21, 2020 .
- ↑ Greding: Sandtner organ installed in Martinskirche 25 years ago - a renowned concert series was created . In: donaukurier.de . ( donaukurier.de [accessed on July 28, 2018]).
- ^ Diocese of Eichstätt: Greding, St. Martin. Retrieved July 28, 2018 .
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 2 '52.8 " N , 11 ° 21' 7.2" E